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Makanema a Nanoscale Graphite (NGFS) ndi ma nanomatadium omwe amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kusamutsa magazi, koma mafunso amapitilirabe kusamutsa kwawo komanso momwe ma morphology amakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito m'magulu awo m'badwo wotsatira. Apa tikunena kukula kwa ngf mbali zonse za polycrystalline nickel zojambulazo (m'dera 55, makulidwe ake ozungulira 100) ndi kuthira kwake kwa polymer (kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, dera mpaka 6 cm2). Chifukwa cha morphology ya zojambulajambula zojambulajambula, mafilimu awiriwa amasiyana mu zinthu zakuthupi komanso mawonekedwe ena (monga mawonekedwe). Timawonetsa kuti ma ragf okhala ndi gombe la Nugher ali oyenererana bwino, pomwe ali osalala komanso okonda kwambiri mbali yakutsogolo (2000 s / cm, 50 ohm) amatha kukhala othandiza. njira kapena electrode ya khungu la dzuwa (popeza limatumiza 62% ya kuwala kowoneka). Ponseponse, kukula kofotokozera ndi njira zoyendera kungathandize kuzindikira NGF ndi njira zina za kaboni pazinthu zamakono zomwe zimathandizira mafilimu a Microphy ndi Micron.
Graphite ndizinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zojambulajambula, graphite ili ndi katundu wotsika kwambiri komanso wokwera ndege zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, ndipo ndizokhazikika mu malo ophatikizika ndi mankhwala a anthu osaneneka. Flake Graphite ndi zinthu zoyambira zoyambira zoyambira kafukufuku woyamba. Mukakonzedwa mu mafilimu oonda, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kutentha kumamisala pazida zamagetsi monga macheza ena ,5,6,90, monga chitetezo cha exromagnetic11. 12 Ndipo mafilimu a litagraphy ku Sukulu ya Ultraviolet13,14, akuchititsa mayendedwe mu ma cell a dzuwa15,16. Pazinthu zonsezi, zingakhale mwayi wofunikira ngati malo akulu a graphite (ngfs) ndi makulidwe owongoleredwa mu nanoscale <100 nm amatha kupangidwa mosavuta ndikunyamula mosavuta.
Makanema a graphite amapangidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi ina, kutsata ndi kukulira pambuyo poyambitsidwa kunali kutulutsa graphene flakes10,11,17. Flakes iyenera kukonzedwanso m'mafilimu ofunikira, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatenga masiku angapo kuti apange ma sheet a graphite. Njira inanso ndikuyamba ndi zinthu zolimba zolimba. M'makampani, mapepala a ma polima ndi kaboni (pa 1000-1500 ° C) kenako nkuchima (pa 2800-3200 ° C) kupanga zinthu zopangidwa bwino. Ngakhale mtundu wa makanema awa ndiwokwera, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumafunikira1,18,19 ndi makulidwe ocheperako kumangokhala kwa ochepa mikambo1,18,19,20.
Mankhwala a Capalyc Vapor (CVD) ndi njira yodziwika bwino yopanga graphene ya graphene ndi ma fraphin graphite mafilimu (<10 nm) yokhala ndi mitengo yamphamvu komanso yovomerezeka. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa graphene ndi ultrathin graphite films28, kukula-malo akulu ndi / kapena kugwiritsa ntchito negf pogwiritsa ntchito ma CVD ochepera1,39,32,32,32,33,33,33,33.
CVD-Grapher Graphene ndi Graphite nthawi zambiri imafunikira kusamutsidwa ku zogwira ntchito za magawo 34. Makanema owonda awa amaphatikizira njira ziwiri zazikuluzikulu 335: (1) osasinthasintha36,37 ndi (2) etch-brace kusamutsa mankhwala (gawo lonyowa) 14,34,38. Njira iliyonse imakhala ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zina ndipo ziyenera kusankhidwa kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito, monga tafotokozera kwina konse. Kwa graphene / graphite mafilimu okhwima pamiyala ya catalytic, yomwe imasamutsa kudzera pa mankhwala onyowa (polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) ndi yofunika kwambiri, Inu et al. Zinatchulidwa kuti palibe polymer omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza kwa NGF (SAMPLE AYE pafupifupi 4 cm2) 25,43, koma palibe zambiri zomwe zidaperekedwa pa Chitsanzo ndi / kapena kusamutsa. Njira zonyowa zomwe zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma polima zimakhala ndi njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuchotsa pochotsa polima polima polima polymer. Kuchita izi kumakhala ndi zovuta: Mwachitsanzo, zotsalira za polima zimatha kusintha zomwe zidalipo. Kusintha kowonjezereka kumatha kuchotsa poimba kotsalira, koma mapangidwe owonjezerawa amawonjezera mtengo wake ndi nthawi ya filimu yopanga ,8,40. Pa kukula kwa cvd, wosanjikiza wa graphene sanayikidwe osati mbali yakutsogolo kwa chojambulacho (kumbali yoyang'ana matenthedwe), komanso pambali pake. Komabe, zomaliza zimawonedwa ngati zotayira ndipo zimatha kuchotsedwa mwachangu ndi plasma38,41. Kubwezeretsanso filimuyi kungathandize kukulitsa zipatso zokolola, ngakhale zitakhala zochepa kuposa zokumana ndi kaboni.
Apa, timanenanso kukonzekera kwa Wafer-Scale Bifoacial ya NGF yokhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba pa polycrystalline nickel zojambula ndi CVD. Zinayesedwa momwe kukhazikika kwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa zojambulazo kumakhudza morphology ndi kapangidwe ka nGF. Tikuwonetsanso kuphatikizira kwamtengo wapatali kwa polymer-kosangalatsa kwa nGF kuchokera mbali zonse za nickel zojambula za nickel zimathandizira magawo a mipweya yambiri ndikuwonetsa momwe mafilimu akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo ndioyenera mafomu osiyanasiyana.
Zigawo zotsatirazi zimakambirana za kuchuluka kwamakanema osiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo zokhazikika: Zotsiriza ndizachikulu kwambiri chofala kwambiri monga gawo la malo (pafupifupi 97% pa 100 μm2) 30. Ichi ndichifukwa chake filimu yonse imangotchedwa NGF.
Polycrystalline Nickel Zickel Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kaphatikizidwe wa graphene ndi graphite mafilimu osiyanasiyana ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana chifukwa chopanga komanso pokonza pambuyo pake. Posachedwa tinauzatu kuti tipeze njira yakukula ya NGF30. Tikuwonetsa kuti magawo azinthu monga nthawi yoyatsira nthawi ndikupanikizika Chachikulu pakukula pa gawo loyambira amatenga gawo lofunikira pakupeza makulidwe a yunifolomu yunifolomu. Pano, tidafufuza kukula kwa ngf pa kutsogolo (FS) ndikubwezeretsanso kumbuyo (BS) malo a nickel fol (mkuyu. 1a). Mitundu itatu ya zitsanzo fs ndi bs adazengedwa, zomwe zalembedwa patebulo 1. Pakuwunikirana, kukula kwa yunifolomu ya NGF kumodzi ndi mawonekedwe a siliva (mkuyu.); Miyeso ya microscopic idatsimikiziridwa (mkuyu. 1b, c). Chilowero wamba cha FS-ngf chinawona m'chigawo chowala ndikuwonetsa ndi mivi yofiyira, yabuluu pa Chithunzi 1b ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1C. Makhalidwe a Raman Peaks a graphite g (1683 masentimita-1) ndi 2d (2696 cm-1) Tsimikizani kukula kwa Crystalline ngf (1.c,). Mufilimu yonse, imayambitsa Raman Spectra ndi ma raterio (i2d / iG) ~ 0.3 idawonedwa, pomwe Raman Spectra ndi I2D / IG) Kusapezeka kwa nsonga zopanda chilema (d = 1350 cm-1) mufilimu yonseyi kumawonetsa kukula kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa NGF. Zotsatira zofananira za Raman zidapezeka pa kamphu la BS-NGF (Chithunzi SI1 A ndi B, tebuloni SI1).
Kuyerekeza kwa Niag FS- ndi BS-NGF: (a) Chithunzi cha Ngf (NA) Chuma cha NGF ku Warman Spectra olembedwa mu Paner B, . Muvi wabuluu ukuwonetsa dera la Flg, muvi wa lalanje ukuwonetsa dera la MLG (pafupi ndi dera la Flg), mivi yofiira ikuwonetsa dera la NGF, ndipo mivi imaonetsa khola.
Popeza kukula kumadalira makulidwe oyamba, kukula kwa galasi, kumayiko, komanso malire, komanso malire a tirigu, kukwaniritsa makulidwe oyenera a ngf makulidwe akuluakulu omwe amakhalabe ndi vuto 120,34,44. Kafukufukuyu yemwe anali wogwiritsidwa ntchito kale30. Njirayi imatulutsa dera lowala la 0,1 mpaka 3% pa 100 μm230. M'magawo otsatirawa, timapereka zotsatira za mitundu yonse yazigawo. Zithunzi zazitali kwambiri zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa madera angapo okhwimitsa bwino mbali zonse ziwiri (mkuyu.), Kuwonetsa kupezeka kwa Flg ndi MLG Madera a MLG30,45. Izi zidatsimikiziridwanso ndi Raman kubalalika (mkuyu. 1C) ndi Pra) zotsatira za gawo la "FS-NGF: Kapangidwe kake"). Zigawo za Flyg ndi mlg zimachitika pa FS- ndi BS-NGF / NI MASF Gread pa NI) Mwinanso zomwe zidakula pa chisanafike. Kukulunga kunawonedwa mbali zonse ziwiri (mkuyu. 1b, yodziwika ndi mivi yofiirira). Makatani awa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu mafilimu a CVD ndi graphene ndi graphite chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu mu coor the graphite ndi gawo la nickel30,38.
Chithunzi cha Afm chidatsimikiziridwa kuti FS-NGF Sample anali Flatter kuposa the BS-NGf (Chithunzi SI1). Mizu ikutanthauza lalikulu (RMS) Miyezo ya FS-yi (mkuyu. SI2C) ndi ma 82 ndi 200 nd. Kukula kwakukulu kumatha kumveka kutengera kusanthula kwakumanzere kwa nickel (taar) zojambulazo mu State State (Chithunzi SI3). Zithunzi za FS ndi BS-BS zimawonetsedwa mu SI3a-D, FS-N IC-N monga tinthu tamphamvu. ndi kuchepa. Zithunzi zochepa komanso zapamwamba za fail wa Indis (NAI) zimawonetsedwa mu Chithunzi SI3E-H. Mu ziwerengerozi, titha kuwona kukhalapo kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tickel kumbali zonse ziwiri za chinsalu (mkuyu. SI3E-H). Mbewu zazikulu zimatha kukhala ndi NI (111) mawonekedwe adziko lapansi, monganso nkhani yomwe inali kale30,46. Pali zosiyana zazikulu za Nickel Foil Morphology pakati pa FS-Nia ndi BS-Nia. Kukula kwakukulu kwa BS-ndf / ni kumachitika chifukwa cha zosavomerezeka za BS-Niar, pamwamba pake zimakhalabe zosavuta ngakhale zitafika poyatsa (Chithunzi SI3). Mtundu wamtunduwu usanayambe kukula njirayo imalola kukhazikika kwa graphene ndi graphite mafilimu owongoleredwa. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti gawo loyambirira limakonzekeretsa ma tirigu
Kutulutsa bwino gawo laling'ono laling'ono, nthawi yovuta (kukula kwa tirigu) 30,47 ndi kumasulidwa kwa ma egnor43 Kuti muchepetse mawonekedwe a gawo lapansi, njira monga kupukutira kwa electroly kwa zotsatira za nickel zitha kuwonedwa. Zojambula zokongola za nickel zimatha kukhala zowoneka bwino kutentha (<900 ° C) 46 ndi nthawi (<5 min) kupewa mapangidwe a NI
Slig ndi Flg Graphene sangathe kupirira vuto la asidi ndi madzi, amafunikira zigawo zothandizira makina panthawi yonyowa nthawi yonyowa mankhwala. Mosiyana ndi kusamutsa kwa grapher ya polima-yothandizidwa ndi ma polimating'onoting'ono. Kusamutsa NGF ku gawo lopatsidwa lomwe limayamba ndi lonyowa la filimu ya NI30.49. The Grewn / NGE / NGF adayikidwa mu 15 ml ya 70% hno3 yophwanyidwa ndi 600 ml ya maliseche (DI). Pambuyo pa chingwe cha N I kusungunuka kwathunthu, fs-ngf limakhala pansi lamadzimadzi, monga nthito za nef / NGF, pomwe BS-ngf imamizidwa m'madzi (2A). Ngf yodzipatula inamusamutsidwa kuchokera ku Beaker imodzi yokhala ndi madzi oganiza bwino ndipo Ngf tokha idatsukidwa bwino, ndikubwereza kasanu ndi kamodzi mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu kudzera mbale yagalasi. Pomaliza, FS-NGF ndi BS-NGF idayikidwa pa gawo lofunikira (mkuyu. 2c).
Pulogalamu yonyowa ya polymer-free hearm ya neff yolimba pa chinsalu cha Nickel: (onani chithunzi cha SI4) BS-NGF kuchokera ku chikondwerero chomwecho monga Panel D (yogawidwa mbali ziwiri), kusunthidwa ku pepala la golide ndi nafaion.
Dziwani kuti kusamutsa kochitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yonyowa yamankhwala imafunikira nthawi yonse ya maola 20-4. Ndi njira yosinthira ya polymer-free-freen apa (Chithunzi SI4A), nthawi yopitilira ya NGF imachepetsedwa kwambiri (pafupifupi 15 maola). Njirayi ili ndi: (Gawo 1) Konzani yankho la etch Sungani madzi owoneka bwino kapena kusamutsa kupita ku chandamale (20 min). Madzi atakutidwa pakati pa NGF ndipo matrix ambiri amachotsedwa ndi capillary. Min mu uvuni uvuni (10-1 Mbar) pa 50-90 ° C (60 min) 38.
Graphite imadziwika kuti amalimbana ndi kupezeka kwa madzi ndi mpweya pakatentha kwambiri (≥ 200 ° C) 50,51,52. Tidayesa zitsanzo pogwiritsa ntchito Raman Speproscopy, sem, ndi xrd atasungidwa m'madzi omangika firiji komanso m'mabotolo osindikizidwa kwa masiku ochepa (Chithunzi si4 mpaka chaka chimodzi). Palibe kuwonongeka. Chithunzi 2C chikuwonetsa FS-NGF ndi BS-ngf m'madzi owoneka bwino. Tinawagwira pa Sio2 (300 nm) / SI Gawo, monga zikuwonekera pachiyambi cha Chithunzi 2C. Kuphatikiza apo, monga tikuonera Chithunzi 2d, e, kupitiriza NGF akhoza kusamutsidwa ku magawo osiyanasiyana monga ma polrurs (armiobright polyer (armion) ndi pepala lophika la golide. FL-NGF idayikidwa mosavuta gawo landamale (mkuyu. 2c, d). Komabe, BS-NGF Samomphulika kuposa 3 cm2 zinali zovuta kusamalira utamizidwa kwathunthu m'madzi. Nthawi zambiri, akayamba kukungunuka m'madzi, chifukwa chogwirizira mosasamala nthawi zina amayamba kulowa m'magawo awiri kapena atatu (mkuyu. 2e). Ponseponse, tinatha kukwaniritsa kusamutsa kwa Ps- ndi BS-NGF (kupitiliza kusamutsidwa popanda ngf / NGE / NGE) pa 6 ndi 3 cm2 m'deralo, motero. Zidutswa zina zilizonse kapena zing'onozing'ono zimatha kukhala (mosavuta mu njira ya etaling kapena madzi oganiza bwino) pa gawo lofunikira (Chithunzi)) 98-99% (mutakula kuti asinthidwe).
Sinthani zitsanzo popanda polymer adasanthulidwa mwatsatanetsatane. Pamalo amtundu wa morphological amapezeka pa FS- ndi BS-NGF / siio2 / si (mkuyu) ndi mkuyu. Zowonongeka zowoneka ngati ming'alu, mabowo, kapena madera osaneneka. Makonda pa gf yokulitsa gf (mkuyu. 3b, d, ndi mivi yofiirira) itakhazikika. Onse awiri a FS- ndi BS-ngfs amapangidwa ndi zigawo za FLG (zigawo zowoneka bwino zosonyezedwa ndi mivi ya buluu mu Chithunzi 3). Modabwitsa, mosiyana ndi zigawo zingapo zowonongeka zomwe zimachitika pakusintha kwa polymerin graphin, zigawo zingapo za micron (chizindikiro). 3). . Kukhulupirika kwamakina kunatsimikiziridwanso kugwiritsa ntchito tem ndi sem zithunzi za NGF yosunthira ku LACE-Carbon Copper, monga momwe adakambirana ("FS-NGF: kapangidwe kake"). The Kusamutsa BS-NGF / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio Makhalidwe a 140 NM NDI BODZA ALI NDI 17 NEM2). Mtengo wa RMM wa NGF Kusunthidwa ku SIO2 / SI Gawo (RMS <2 NM) kuposa yi (Chithunzi SI2), zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti zowonjezerazo zitha kufanana ndi NI. Kuphatikiza apo, zifanizo za Afm zomwe zidachitidwa m'mphepete mwa f- ndi bs-nthf / sizomwe zimawonetsa gf makulidwe 100 ndi 80 nm, motsatana (mkuyu. SI7). Makulidwe ang'onoang'ono a BS-NGF akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha pamwamba osawonekera mwachindunji ndi gasi.
Kusamutsidwa gf (niag) popanda polymer pa Sio2 / SI Wafer (onani Chithunzi 2C): (A. (A. Madera wamba) - a). . (e, f) AFM Zithunzi zosamutsa FS- ndi BS-ngf. Nyali ya Blue imayimira dera la FLGA - kuwunika kowala, muvi waku Carn - Chlinal MLGA, muvi wakuda - magenta amaimira khola.
Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala kwa g-ndi bs-lyfs kunasanthula ndi X-ray Photoelectopy (mkuyu. 4). Chizindikiro chofooka chimawonedwa muyeso (mkuyu. 4A, b), kuphatikiza ndi magawo a NI Palibe nsonga zoyeserera za FS- ndi BS-ngf / siio2 / sii (kio.) Figures 4d–f show the high-resolution spectra of the C 1 s, O 1 s and Si 2p energy levels of FS-NGF/SiO2/Si. Mphamvu yomanga ya C 1 s ya graphte ndi 284.4 EV53.54. Kujambula kwa mzere wa graphite kumawonedwa kuti ndi asymmetrical, monga tikuwonera Chithunzi 4D54. The Study Chuma-Spect C 1 s spectrum (mkuyu. 4D) adatsimikiziranso kusamutsa (mwachitsanzo, palibe zotsalira za polymer), zomwe ndizogwirizana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu. The Ridewidths a C 1 S Spectra ya chikondwerero chatsopano (Niag) ndi kusamutsa ndi 0,55 ndi 0.62 EV, motsatana. Makhalidwe awa ndi apamwamba kuposa a slig (0.49 Ev Komabe, izi ndizocheperako kuposa zomwe zidanenedwa kale za pyrolytic grophene sodi ya pyrolyc (~ 0.75) 53,54,54,54,54,54,54,54,55, zikuwonetsa kuti kusapezeka kwa malo osalongosoka pakalipano. C 1 s ndi o spector spectra zimasowanso mapewa, kuthetsa kufunika kofunikira kwambiri pabwino kwambiri. Pali __ → Zizindikiro za 103 eva ndi 532.5 mu 2p ndi o 1 s XPS ndi luso loyang'ana kwambiri, kotero zizindikiro zogwirizana ndi NI ndi Sio2 zapezeka kale komanso pambuyo pa kusamutsa kwa NGF, motsatana, zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizochokera kudera la Flg. Zotsatira zofananira zimawonedwa chifukwa cha kusandutsidwa kwa BS-NGF (sikuwonetsedwa).
Zotsatira za Niag: .
Ubwino wonse wa makhwala a NGF anayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito X-ray yosiyanasiyana (xrd). Makampani wamba a Xrd (mkuyu. SI8) yosamutsa FS- ndi BS-NGF / siio2 / 0 0,6 °, ofanana ndi 54.7. . Izi zimatsimikizira mtundu wa Crystaline wa NGF ndikufanana ndi mtunda wa d = 0.335 nm, yomwe imasungidwa pambuyo posamutsa. Kukula kwa nsonga yam'madzi (0 0 0 2) ndi pafupifupi katatu ka miyeso yosiyanasiyana (0 0 0 4), kuwonetsa kuti ndege ya NGF imagwirizana bwino ndi zitsanzo.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za Semu, Raman Speproscopy, XPS ndi Xrd, mtundu wa BS-NGf / NI, Ngakhale Ri2, SI5).
SLGS yokhala ndi chithandizo cha polymer polim mpaka 200 nm makulidwe amatha kuyandama pamadzi. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mu polymer-canctional mankhwala kusamutsa njira22,38. Graphene ndi Graphite ndi hydrophobic (yonyowa 80-90 °) 57. Mphamvu zomwe zingakhalepo m'malo mwa graphene ndi flg zanenedwa kuti ndizosalala kwambiri, ndi mphamvu yotsika (~ 1 KJ / Mol) pamtundu wamadzi wotsala pang'ono. Komabe, mphamvu zowerengedwa zamadzi ndi graphene ndi zigawo zitatu za graphene pafupifupi - 13 ndi 15 kJ / mamol, 58 zigawo zam'madzi ndizotsika poyerekeza ndi graphene. Izi zitha kukhala chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe zimapangidwira NGF imatsalira pansi pamadzi, pomwe zimayenda mu graphene (yomwe imayandama m'madzi) imang'ambika ndikusweka. Pamene ngf imamizidwa kwathunthu m'madzi (zotsatira zake ndizofanana ndi zowoneka bwino komanso zathyathyathya), m'mphepete mwake zimagwa (Chithunzi SI4). Pankhani yomiza mizimu yonse, ikuyembekezeka kuti mphamvu ya madzi a NGF ili pafupifupi (poyerekeza ndi kuyandama) ndikuti m'mphepete mwa ngf pindani yolumikizirana (hydrophobicity). Tikhulupirira kuti njira zitha kupangidwa kuti zisasunthire m'mphepete mwa ngld. Njira imodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma sodi yosakanikirana kuti muzisintha manyowa azonyowa a graphite.
Kusintha kwa slig kumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya miyala yonyowa kudzera pakusintha kwamankhwala komwe kwachitika kale. Nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa kuti kufooka kwaulere kwa var afters pakati pa graphene / graphite mafilimu a sigig. Apa tikuganiza kuti njira zomwezo zimathandizira. Sitinayang'anire kuwonongeka kulikonse kapena kuwononga kwa ngf iliyonse ya magawo aliwonse omwe aperekedwa pano pakugwira ntchito mosabisa (pakati pa / kapena Chithunzi) (mwachitsanzo, SI9). Kuphatikiza apo, sitinayang'anire chinsako cha sic mu xps c 1 s spectrum kwa mulingo wa ngf / siio2 / s. (Mkuyu. 4). Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti palibe mgwirizano wa mankhwala pakati pa ngf ndi gawo lapansi gawo lapansi.
M'chigawo chapitacho, "kutumiza kwa polymer-free ku FS- ndi BS-NGF," Tinawonetsa kuti NGF imatha kukula ndikusintha mbali zonse ziwiri za zojambulajambula za nickel. Izi fs-ngfs ndi bs-ngfs sizili zofanana malinga ndi mawonekedwe adziko lapansi, omwe adatipangitsa kuti tifufuze ntchito zoyenera za mtundu uliwonse.
Poganizira za kuwonekera ndi kusalala kwa FS-NGF, tinkaphunzira kapangidwe kake, koloko komanso yamagetsi mwatsatanetsatane. Kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka FS-NGF popanda kusintha kwa polymer microscopy (tem) Kungoganiza ndi kusankhidwa kwa Electron Kusanthula (kusinthidwa). Zotsatira zogwirizana zimawonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 5. Kukula kwapafupipafupi kunavumbulutsa kupezeka kwa zigawo za NGF ndi Flog ndi madera osiyanasiyana a electron, mwachitsanzo, madera owala, 5a). Kanemayo akuonetsa umphumphu wabwino komanso kukhazikika pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za ngf ndi ntchentche, wokhala ndi zowonongeka kapena kuwonongeka, komwe kudatsimikiziridwa ndi Stum (Chithunzi5C-e). Makamaka, mkuyu. Chithunzi 5d chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a mlatho pachiwonetsero chachikulu (malo omwe ali ndi mivi yakuda kwambiri), yomwe imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe atatu ndipo imakhala ndi mkono wa pafupifupi 51. Kuphatikizika ndi kutanthauzira kwa ma 0.33 ± 0,01 NM imachepetsa zigawo zingapo za graphene mu dera lochepa (kumapeto kwa muvi wakuda kwambiri pa 5 D).
Chithunzi cha Keymer of Niag-Free Niag pa kaboni kaboti: Mivi yobiriwira yophika mu conels A ndi C Sourcents yozungulira pa nthawi yolumikizira. .
Kapangidwe ka 5c kumawonetsa (kulembedwa ndi muvi wofiyira) mawonekedwe a ndege zomangira, zomwe zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha ma nanotholds pa filimuyi (Yout 5C) Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shear stack30,62,62,62,61. Pakakhala phee-tema - nanoflals 30 ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe osiyana a kristalo kuposa dera la NGF; Ndege ya poyambira ya graphite yolumikizidwa pafupifupi vertically, m'malo moyenda filimuyi (yolumikizidwa pa 5C). Mofananamo, dera la Flg nthawi zina limawonetsa mzere wa gulu lozungulira komanso lopapatiza (lodziwika ndi mivi ya buluu), yomwe imawoneka yotsitsidwa ndi sing'anga yokhazikika mu 3b, 5e, motsatana. Chinsinsi cha Chithunzi 5E chimatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa magawo awiri ndi atatu a masamba a ftg. Kuphatikiza apo, zithunzi zojambulidwa za polymer-free ngf zimasamutsira mafilimu a mkuwa ndi mafilimu a Lacy Carbon (mutatha kuchita mawu apamwamba) akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi cha SI9. Dera laulere laulere (lodziwika ndi muvi wamtambo) ndi dera losweka mu Chithunzi SI9F. Muvi wabuluu (m'mphepete mwa osamutsidwa ngf) amaperekedwa mwadala kuti awonetse kuti dera la Flg limatha kukana njira yosamutsira popanda polymer. Mwachidule, zithunzizi zimatsimikizira kuti kuwunika mwapadera gf (kuphatikiza chigawo cha Flg) kumasungabe umphumphu kogwiritsa ntchito molimbika ndikuwombera ku cuucuum yayitali pa tem ndi sem sni9).
Chifukwa cha kusungunuka koyenera kwa ngf (onani Chithunzi 5A), sizovuta kuzimitsa ma flakes a [0001] domain axis kuti afufuze kapangidwe kake. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa filimuyo ndi malo ake, zigawo zingapo zosangalatsa (mfundo 12) zidadziwika kuti ndi maphunziro osiyanasiyana a elect. Mu chithunzi 5a-c, madera anayi mwa zigawozi zimawonetsedwa ndikuwonetsedwa ndi mabwalo okongola (abuluu, lalanje, lalanje, ndi malo ofiira). Ziwerengero 2 ndi 3 za njira zoletsedwa. Ziwerengero 5f ndipo g adapezeka kudera la Flg yomwe ikuwonetsedwa mu 2 ndi 5. Monga momwe akuwonetsera 3B ndi C, motero C, motsatana. Ali ndi mawonekedwe a hexialoal ofanana ndi opindika graphene63. Makamaka, Chithunzi 5F chikuwonetsa mapangidwe atatu okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a [0001] ones] Momwemonso, Chithunzi 5g chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe awiri apamwamba a hexalasal kuzungulira ndi 20 °. Magulu awiri kapena atatu a mawonekedwe a hexgal m'chigawo cha Flg amatha kuchokera pa ndege zitatu kapena kunja zigawo zikuluzikulu zitatu ndi zachibale. Mosiyana ndi izi, mawonekedwe a Electon amafanana pa Chithunzi 5h, i (yolingana ndi gawo la NGF lomwe likuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 5A Zithunzi zodetsedwa izi zimafanana ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono komanso mawonekedwe apakati kuposa ngje 64. Makhalidwe a Crystalline a NGF adawululira zokongoletsera ziwiri kapena graphene). Chofunika kwambiri kudera la Flg ndikuti makristallites ali ndi ndege kapena ndege yopanda ndege. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono / zigawo zosewerera mu ndege za ndege za m'ma 17 °, 22 ° ndi 25 °, zomwe zidanenedwa kale kwa ntf zidanenedwa pa mafilimu 64. Malingaliro a ngolo yosinthira izi ndizogwirizana ndi njira zomwe zimawonedwa kale (± 1 °) m'malo opotoka a BRG63 Graphene.
Malo opangira magetsi a NGF / Sio2 / si adayeza 300 k pamwamba pa 10 × 3 mm2. Mfundo zamagetsi zonyamula magetsi, kuyenda komanso kukhala komwe kuli ndi 1.6 × 1020 masentimita 10, 10 cm2 s-1, motero. Makhalidwe oyenda ndi omwe amachititsa chidwi a NGF ali ofanana ndi graphite2 komanso apamwamba kuposa malonda opezeka kwambiri pyrolytic wamkulu (wopangidwa 3000 ° C) 29. Makhalidwe onyamula magetsi onyamula zinthu zambiri ndi maofesi awiri okwera kuposa omwe atchulidwa kumene (7.255 × 10) kwa mafilimu a micron-3) a ma mafilimu a Micron-3,2 ° C)
Tinkachitanso miyeso ya UV-yowoneka ya UV-NGF idasamutsira ku Quartz Gawo (Chithunzi 6). Zomwe zimachitika zimawonetsa pafupifupi 62% mu 102% munthawi ya 325-800 nm, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ngf ndizowonekera kuwunikira. M'malo mwake, dzina la "KAOR" limatha kuwoneka chithunzi cha manambala a Chithunzi cha Chithunzi 6b. Ngakhale mtundu wa nanocrystalline wa ngf ndi wosiyana ndi wa slig, kuchuluka kwa zigawo kumatha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la 2.3% kutumiza pa gawo lowonjezera65. Malinga ndi ubalewu, kuchuluka kwa zigawo za graphene ndi kutayika kwa 38% kumakhala ndi zigawo za 300. Chifukwa chake, tikuganiza kuti kuwoneka kowoneka bwino kumafanana ndi madera a Flyg ndi mlg, chifukwa amagawidwa mufilimu yonse (Nkhuyu 1, 3, 5 ndi 6C). Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa, zamakhalidwe ndi kuwonekeranso zimatsimikiziranso mtundu wa ma crystalline wa osamutsidwa ngf.
. . Maonekedwe osasinthika komanso kukula kwake mu chithunzicho ndi cholinga chovomerezeka pokhapokha ndipo osagwirizana ndi malo enieni.
Translucer vgf okhwima ndi CVD adasamutsidwa ku liliben ya silikicon ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma cell a dzuwa15,16. Zotsatira zosintha mphamvu zosintha (PCE) ndi 1.5%. Izi ngfs zimagwira ntchito zingapo monga zigawo zogwira ntchito, maofesi oyendetsa magalimoto, komanso elekight electrodes15,16. Komabe, kanema wa graphite si yunifolomu. Kuyambiranso kukhathamiritsa ndikuwongolera mosamala pepala kukana ndi ma elekitirodi a graphite, popeza zinthu ziwiri izi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kudziwa kufunikira kwa cell ya dzuwa15,16. Nthawi zambiri, mafilimu a Graphene ali ndi 97.7% yowonekera kuwunikira, koma kukhala ndi pepala kukana 200 mpaka 3000 ohms / sq.16. Kukana kwakumanzere kwa mafilimu a graphene kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zigawo (zingapo kusamutsa kwa graphene) ndi kutsika ndi Hno3 (~ 30hm / sq.) 66. Komabe, njirayi imatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo zigawo zosiyanasiyana sizimakhala zikugwirizana bwino. Mbali yathu yakutsogolo gf ili ndi katundu monga kuchititsa 2000 s / cm, telema telemance kukana 50 ohm / sq. Ndipo 62% imapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yothandiza njira ya madera kapena ma elenter elenternes mu cell a dzuwa15,16.
Ngakhale kapangidwe kake ndi chemistry yam'munsi ya BS-NGF ndizofanana ndi FS-ngf, kukwiya kwake ndikosiyana ("Kukula kwa FS- ndi BS-NGF"). M'mbuyomu, tidagwiritsa ntchito filimu yopyapyala kwa graphite22 ngati sensor mafuta. Chifukwa chake, tinayesa kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito BS-NGF ya ntchito za mafuta (Chithunzi SI10). Choyamba, choyambirira cha BS-NGF adasamutsidwa ku sensor chip chip (Chithunzi Si10a-c). Kupanga tsatanetsatane wa chip adanenedwa kale; Malo ake ophatikizidwa ndi 9 mm267. M'magawo a sem (Chithunzi Si10b ndi C), ma elekitirodi agolide amawoneka bwino kudzera pa NGF. Apanso, zitha kuonedwa kuti chiwonetsero chophimba chikupezeka chikupezeka kwa zitsanzo zonse. Miyezo yamafuta yamagesi osiyanasiyana idalembedwa (mkuyu. SI10D) (mkuyu. SI11) ndipo mitengo yoyankha imawonetsedwa mu nkhuyu. Si10g. Mwina ndi magesi ena osokoneza bongo kuphatikizapo ma so2 (200 ppm), H2 (2%), Ch4 (2%), h2s (200 ppm). Chinthu chimodzi chotheka ndi No2. mawonekedwe a electrophhilic a gasi22,68. Mukamayesedwa pamwamba pa graphene, imachepetsa kuyamwa kwa ma electrons mwa dongosolo. Kufanizira kwa nthawi yoyankha kwa BS-NGF sensor yokhala ndi masensa omwe adasindikizidwa kale amaperekedwa pagome si tebulo. Makina opanga masensa a NGF pogwiritsa ntchito plasma, o3 plasma kapena kutentha (50-150 ° C) Mitundu ya ziwonetserozi ikupitilira, yomwe imatsatiridwa moyenera.
Panthawi ya CVD, kukula kwa graphene kumachitika mbali zonse ziwiri za chothandizira gawo41. Komabe, BS-Graphene nthawi zambiri imatulutsidwa panthawi yosinthira41. Mu kafukufukuyu, timawonetsa kusamutsa kwamphamvu kwa NGf ndi polymer free ngf kungakwaniritsidwe mbali zonse za chothandizira. BS-ngf ndi wowonda (~ 80 nm) kuposa FS-~ 100 nm), ndipo kusiyana kumeneku kumafotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti a BS-Ni sakuwonetsedwa mwachindunji. Tidawonanso kuti kukhazikika kwa gawo lakuthwa kumapangitsa kukhwima kwa ngf. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti dongosolo la plash-nthf imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu choyambirira cha graphene (mwa njira ya exfolianis) kapena ngati njira yotsogola mu cell a dzuwa15,16. Mosiyana ndi izi, BS-NGF igwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira gasi (mkuyu. SI9) komanso mwina posungira mphamvu, pomwe pamtunda wake ungakhale wothandiza.
Poganizira zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndizothandiza kuphatikiza ntchito yomwe ilipo ndi mafilimu osindikizidwa kale ndi CVD ndikugwiritsa ntchito zojambulajambula za nickel. Monga tikuwonera mu tebulo 2, zipsinjo zapamwamba zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito zidafupikitsa nthawi (nyengo yophulika) ngakhale pamatenthedwe ochepa (mumitundu ya 850-1300 ° C). Tinapezanso kukula kwakukulu kuposa momwe zimakhalira, kuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulitsa. Pali zinthu zina zofunika kuziganizira, zina zomwe taphatikizidwa pagome.
Kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwambiri kunakula ku Nickel Foil ndi Calytict CVD. Mwa kuthetsa mipata ya polymer (monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu cvd graphene), timapeza kusamutsa koyera ndi koyipa kwa ngf (kukhwima kumbuyo kwa Ngf ndi kutsogolo kwa zojambulazo za Nickel). Moyenera, Ngf imaphatikizapo madera a FLG ndi mlg (nthawi zambiri 0.1% mpaka 3% pa 100 μm2) yomwe imaphatikizidwa bwino mu filimu yaukadaulo. Keshrar imawonetsa kuti zigawozi ndizopangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zigawo zitatu (makhiristo kapena zigawo), zina zomwe zimakhala ndi vuto la 10-20 °. Zigawo za Flyg ndi Mlg ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuwonekera kwa FS-NGF ku kuwala kowoneka. Ponena za mapepala akumbuyo, amatha kuchitika mogwirizana ndi ma sheet a kutsogolo ndipo, monga akuwonetsera, akhoza kukhala ndi cholinga chogwira ntchito (mwachitsanzo, kuti azindikire gasi). Maphunzirowa ndi othandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa zitanda ndi ndalama mu mafakitale a CVD.
Mwambiri, pafupifupi makulidwe a cvd ngf amagona pakati (otsika- ndi magawo angapo) graphene ndi mafakitale (micrometer) mapepala. Mitundu ya zinthu zawo zosangalatsa, kuphatikiza njira yosavuta yomwe tapanga ndikupanga, zimapangitsa mafilimu awa makamaka kukhala oyenera kuyankha kwa graphite, popanda kuwononga njira zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chingwe cha nickel champhamvu cha nickel. Dongosolo lidatsukidwa ndi Argon ndikuthamangitsidwa ku zigawo za 10-3 Mbar. Kenako Nickel zojambulazo zidayikidwa. ku AR / H2 (pambuyo poti chisanakhale chojambula cha NI 800 MARB) pa 300. kwina konse.
Pansi pamtunda wa zitsanzozo zidayang'aniridwa ndi sem pogwiritsa ntchito ma microscope (1 KV, 50 pa). Chitsanzo chapamwamba ndi makulidwe a NGF amayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito AFM (kukula Icon SPM, kuwonongeka). Ndipo miyeso yosemedwa idachitika pogwiritsa ntchito Fii Tin 80-300 TUBOSPOMA yokhala ndi mfuti yowoneka bwino yam'madzi (300 kV), wachilendo wachisoni monochrometor azule. chiwonetsero cha shitial 0.09 nm. Zitsanzo za NGF zinasamutsidwa ku kaboni ya kaboni nayomangirira pompopompop. Chifukwa chake, zambiri za zitsanzozi zimayimitsidwa m'mabotolo a nembanemba. Anasamutsa NGF zitsanzo zomwe adasanthula ndi Xrd. Kuphatikizika kwa X-ray kunapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wosokoneza bongo (Brucker, D2 Gawo la K2 Grage) pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation a cuaration a 3 mm.
Miyeso ingapo ya Raman inajambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma microcalcope (alpha 300 ra, witec). A 532 nm laser yokhala ndi mphamvu yotsika (25%) idagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa zotsatira zake. X-ray Photoelectron Spertroscopy (XPS) inkachitika pa kratos axis ultra spectometer ya 300 × 78,6. Zitsanzo za NGF zimasamutsidwa pa Sio2 zidadulidwa (3 × 10 mm2 pogwiritsa ntchito ma pl6mw Magetsi oyendetsa magetsi ndi holo amayesedwa pazomwezi pa 300 k ndi maginito a maginito a ± 9 tesla muyeso wa zinthu zakuthupi (masms defero). Kutumiza UV-vis spectra kunajambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamba 950 UV 350 UV 350 UV
Chip penical syyror (yophatikizika ya electrode) idadulidwa kwa gulu la madera osindikizidwa 73 ndipo kukana kudatulutsidwa moona. Gulu ladera lomwe lasindikizidwa limalumikizidwa ndi kulumikizana kwa kulumikizana ndikuyika mkati mwa mafuta a chipinda cha 14. Tsiku lotsegukayo linatsukidwa poyeretsa ndi nayitrogeni pa 200 cm3 kwa ola limodzi kuti awonetsetse kuchotsanso anthu ena onse omwe ali nawo m'chipindacho, kuphatikiza chinyontho. Kusanthula kwa munthuyu nthawi yomweyo kunatulutsidwa m'chipinda chimodzi chokhacho cha 200 cm3 potseka n2 silinda.
Mtundu wokonzedweratu wa nkhaniyi wasindikizidwa ndipo amatha kupezeka kudzera mu ulalo womwe uli pamwamba pa nkhaniyi.
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Post Nthawi: Aug-23-2024