Pamene opanga mabatire amagetsi aku South Korea akukonzekera zoletsa kutumiza ma graphite kuchokera ku China kuti ziyambe kugwira ntchito mwezi wamawa, akatswiri akuti Washington, Seoul ndi Tokyo ziyenera kufulumizitsa mapulogalamu oyesera omwe cholinga chake ndi kupangitsa kuti maunyolo ogulitsa magetsi akhale olimba.
Daniel Ikenson, mkulu wa zamalonda, ndalama ndi zatsopano ku Asia Public Policy Institute, wauza VOA kuti akukhulupirira kuti United States, South Korea ndi Japan adikira nthawi yayitali kuti apange njira yochenjeza anthu za unyolo wogulira zinthu (EWS).
Ikenson adati kukhazikitsa kwa EWS "kuyenera kuti kunafulumizitsidwa kale kwambiri United States isanayambe kuganizira zoletsa kutumiza kwa ma semiconductors ndi zinthu zina zamakono ku China."
Pa Okutobala 20, Unduna wa Zamalonda ku China unalengeza za ziletso zaposachedwa za Beijing pa kutumiza zinthu zofunika kwambiri zamabatire amagetsi, patatha masiku atatu kuchokera pamene Washington inalengeza za ziletso pa kugulitsa ma semiconductor apamwamba ku China, kuphatikizapo ma chips apamwamba anzeru ochokera ku kampani yopanga ma chip ya ku America ya Nvidia.
Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda inati malondawo analetsedwa chifukwa China ingagwiritse ntchito tchipisi kuti ipititse patsogolo chitukuko chake chankhondo.
Kale, China, kuyambira pa 1 Ogasiti, idachepetsa kutumiza kunja kwa gallium ndi germanium, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma semiconductors.
"Zoletsa zatsopanozi zapangidwa momveka bwino ndi China kuti ziwonetse kuti zitha kuchepetsa kupita patsogolo kwa US pa magalimoto amagetsi oyera," adatero Troy Svangarone, mkulu wa Korea Economic Research Institute.
Washington, Seoul ndi Tokyo adagwirizana pamsonkhano wa Camp David mu Ogasiti kuti ayambitsa pulojekiti yoyesera ya EWS kuti adziwe kudalira kwambiri dziko limodzi m'mapulojekiti ofunikira, kuphatikizapo mchere ndi mabatire ofunikira, ndikugawana zambiri kuti achepetse kusokonezeka kwa unyolo woperekera zinthu.
Mayiko atatuwa adagwirizananso kuti apange "njira zothandizirana" kudzera mu Indo-Pacific Economic Prosperity Framework (IPEF) kuti akonze kulimba kwa unyolo woperekera katundu.
Boma la Biden linayambitsa IPEF mu Meyi 2022. Dongosolo la mgwirizanowu likuwoneka ngati kuyesera kwa mayiko 14, kuphatikiza US, South Korea ndi Japan, kuti athetse mphamvu ya zachuma ya China m'derali.
Ponena za kuwongolera kutumiza kunja, wolankhulira ofesi ya kazembe wa China, Liu Pengyu, adati boma la China nthawi zambiri limayang'anira kuwongolera kutumiza kunja motsatira lamulo ndipo silikulimbana ndi dziko kapena dera linalake kapena chochitika chilichonse.
Ananenanso kuti China nthawi zonse imadzipereka kuonetsetsa kuti mafakitale ndi maunyolo ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi ali otetezeka komanso okhazikika ndipo ipereka zilolezo zotumizira kunja zomwe zikutsatira malamulo oyenera.
Iye anawonjezera kuti “China ndi kampani yomanga, yopanga komanso yosamalira makampani opanga zinthu padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi unyolo wokhazikika komanso wosasokonezeka” ndipo “ili yokonzeka kugwira ntchito ndi mabwenzi apadziko lonse lapansi kuti itsatire mgwirizano weniweni wa mayiko ambiri ndikusunga bata la makampani opanga zinthu padziko lonse lapansi.”
Makampani opanga mabatire amagetsi aku South Korea akhala akulimbikira kusunga graphite yochuluka momwe angathere kuyambira pomwe Beijing idalengeza zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito graphite. Zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa padziko lonse lapansi zikuyembekezeka kuchepa chifukwa Beijing ikufuna kuti ogulitsa aku China ochokera kunja apeze zilolezo kuyambira mu Disembala.
South Korea imadalira kwambiri China popanga graphite yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mabatire amagetsi (gawo la batire lomwe lili ndi mphamvu yoipa). Kuyambira Januwale mpaka Seputembala chaka chino, zoposa 90% ya zinthu zomwe South Korea imagula kuchokera ku China zidachokera ku China.
Han Koo Yeo, yemwe anali nduna ya zamalonda ku South Korea kuyambira 2021 mpaka 2022 ndipo anali woyamba kutenga nawo mbali pakukula kwa IPEF, anati njira zaposachedwa zochepetsera kutumiza kunja kwa dziko la Beijing zidzakhala "chinthu chachikulu chomwe chingathandize" mayiko monga South Korea, Japan ndi China. Dziko la South Korea. United States ndi mayiko ochepa amadalira graphite yochokera ku China.
Pakadali pano, Yang adauza VOA Korean kuti malirewo ndi "chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri" cha chifukwa chake pulogalamu yoyeserayi iyenera kufulumizitsidwa.
"Chofunika kwambiri ndi momwe tingathanirane ndi nthawi yovutayi." Ngakhale kuti sizinasinthe kukhala chisokonezo chachikulu, "msika uli ndi mantha kwambiri, makampani nawonso akuda nkhawa, ndipo kusatsimikizika kuli kwakukulu," adatero Yang, yemwe tsopano ndi katswiri wofufuza wamkulu wa Peterson Institute for International Economics.
Iye anati South Korea, Japan ndi United States ziyenera kuzindikira zofooka zomwe zili mu maukonde awo ogulitsa katundu ndikulimbikitsa mgwirizano wa boma lachinsinsi womwe ukufunika kuti uthandizire kapangidwe ka mayiko atatuwa komwe mayiko atatuwa adzapange.
Yang adawonjezera kuti pansi pa pulogalamuyi, Washington, Seoul ndi Tokyo ayenera kusinthana chidziwitso, kufunafuna njira zina zosiyanitsira zinthu kuti asakhale odalira dziko limodzi, ndikufulumizitsa chitukuko cha ukadaulo watsopano.
Iye anati mayiko 11 otsala a IPEF ayenera kuchita chimodzimodzi ndikugwirizana mkati mwa dongosolo la IPEF.
Iye anati, "Ndikofunikira kuyikapo patsogolo njira zothanirana ndi mavuto azachuma."
Dipatimenti ya Zachilendo ku US Lachitatu yalengeza za kukhazikitsidwa kwa Critical Energy Security and Transformational Minerals Investment Network, mgwirizano watsopano wa boma ndi mabungwe achinsinsi ndi Ofesi ya Currency Office's Critical Minerals Strategy Center kuti ilimbikitse ndalama mu unyolo wofunikira wopezera mchere.
SAFE ndi bungwe lopanda tsankho lomwe limalimbikitsa njira zotetezera mphamvu, zokhazikika komanso zokhazikika.
Lachitatu, boma la Biden linapemphanso kuti zokambirana za IPEF zichitike ku San Francisco kuyambira pa 5 mpaka 12 Novembala isanafike msonkhano wa Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation pa 14 Novembala, malinga ndi Ofesi ya Woyimira Zamalonda ku US.
"Gawo la unyolo woperekera zinthu mu dongosolo lazachuma la Indo-Pacific lakwanira kwambiri ndipo mfundo zake ziyenera kumveka bwino pambuyo pa msonkhano wa APEC ku San Francisco," adatero Ikenson wa Asia Society ku Camp David.
Ikenson anawonjezera kuti: "China ichita zonse zomwe ingathe kuti ichepetse mtengo wa kuwongolera kutumiza kunja kwa dziko la United States ndi ogwirizana nayo. Koma Beijing ikudziwa kuti mtsogolomu, Washington, Seoul, Tokyo ndi Brussels adzawonjezera ndalama pakupanga ndi kuyeretsa padziko lonse lapansi. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, zidzawononga bizinesi yawo."
Gene Berdichevsky, yemwe anayambitsa komanso CEO wa Sila Nanotechnologies ku Alameda, ku California, anati malamulo a ku China okhudza kutumiza zinthu kunja kwa graphite angathandize kuti chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito silicon m'malo mwa graphite zikhale zofunika kwambiri popanga mabatire. Ku Moses Lake, Washington.
"Zomwe China yachita zikuwonetsa kufooka kwa unyolo wogulira zinthu womwe ulipo panopa komanso kufunika kwa njira zina," Berdichevsky adauza mtolankhani wa ku Korea wa VOA.
Berdichevsky adawonjezera kuti opanga magalimoto akusamukira mwachangu ku silicon mu unyolo wawo woperekera mabatire a magalimoto amagetsi, chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito apamwamba a silicon anodes. Silicon anodes imachaja mwachangu.
Svangarone wa ku Korea Economic Research Institute anati: "China iyenera kukhala ndi chidaliro pamsika kuti makampani asafune zinthu zina. Kupanda kutero, izi zilimbikitsa ogulitsa aku China kuti achoke mwachangu."
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-28-2024