Izimo zokusetshenziswa kwe-graphite ezinwebekayo
1. Izinto zokuvala zixutshwa ne-graphite yekhabhoni ephezulu kanye ne-sulfuric acid egxilile kanye ne-nitric acid ukuze kulungiswe i-acidification, kulungiswe ukushisa bese kucindezelwa futhi kwakhiwe. I-graphite eguquguqukayo elungiselelwe iyinto entsha yokuvala esebenza kahle, futhi iwuhlobo lwezinto ezikhiqizwa endaweni. Uma iqhathaniswa nerabha ye-asbestos nezinye izinto zokuvala zendabuko, inokucindezeleka okuhle, ukuqina, ukuzibopha, ukuqina okuphansi kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, futhi ingasetshenziswa ezimweni zokushisa eziphakeme, ukubola okuphezulu kanye nezinye izimo zokusebenza ezinzima isikhathi eside. Amapuleti e-graphite kanye nezingxenye zokuvala ezenziwe yiyo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezindizayo, emishinini, kuma-elekthronikhi, emandleni enuzi, kuma-petrochemical, emandleni kagesi, ekwakheni imikhumbi, ekuncibilikiseni kanye nakwezinye izimboni. Ngoba inesisindo esincane, i-conductive, i-thermal conductivity, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-asidi kanye ne-alkali, ukuqina okuhle, ukuthambisa, i-plasticity kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, ezaziwa ngokuthi "inkosi yokuvala" emhlabeni.
2. I-graphite enwebekayo etholakala ngokwandiswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwemvelo inesakhiwo esicebile se-pore kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokumuncwa, ngakho-ke inokusetshenziswa okubanzi ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye ne-biomedicine. Isakhiwo se-pore se-graphite enwebekayo sihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-pore evulekile kanye ne-pore evaliwe. Umthamo we-pore we-graphite enwebekayo cishe u-98%, futhi ikakhulukazi i-pore enkulu enobubanzi bokusatshalaliswa kosayizi we-pore obungu-1 ~ 10.3 nm. Ngoba iyi-macroporous, i-mesoporous ikakhulukazi, ngakho-ke i-activated carbon nezinye izinto ezincane ezinezici zokumuncwa zihlukile. Ifanele ukumuncwa kwesigaba soketshezi, kodwa hhayi ukumuncwa kwesigaba segesi. I-oleophilic futhi ayithandi amanzi ekumuncweni kwesigaba soketshezi. I-graphite enwebekayo engu-1 g ingamuncwa uwoyela osindayo ongaphezu kuka-80 g, ngakho-ke iyinto ethembisayo yokuvikela imvelo yokuhlanza ukungcola kwamafutha phezu kwamanzi. Ekwelashweni kwamanzi amdaka kwamabhizinisi amakhemikhali, ama-microorganisms (amagciwane) avame ukusetshenziswa. I-graphite enwebekayo iyisithwali esihle samagciwane, ikakhulukazi ekuphathweni kwamanzi kokungcola kwama-macromolecule e-organic kawoyela. Ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo kwamakhemikhali okuhle kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha okuvuselelwayo, inethuba elihle lokusetshenziswa.
3, umuthi ngenxa ye-graphite enwebekayo unezici zokumuncwa kwama-macromolecule e-organic kanye ne-biological, unamathemba amaningi okusetshenziswa ezintweni zezokwelapha.
4, i-graphite yezandisi zebhethri ezinamandla aphezulu njengezinto zebhethri, ukusetshenziswa kwe-expanders graphite layer reaction yokushintsha kwamandla mahhala ibe amandla kagesi. Ngokuvamile i-graphite enwebekayo isetshenziswa njenge-cathode, i-lithium njenge-anode, noma i-graphite enwebekayo i-composite silver oxide njenge-cathode, i-zinc njenge-anode. Uyinki we-fluoride we-fossil, i-graphite acid kanye ne-graphite enwebekayo ye-metal halides njenge-AuCl3 kanye ne-TiF4 kuye kwasetshenziswa emabhethri.
5, into evimbela umlilo
Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-graphite enwebekayo kanye nokumelana kwayo nokushisa okuphezulu, i-graphite enwebekayo iba yinto enhle kakhulu yokuvala futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emugqeni wokuvala umlilo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: eyokuqala ukwanda kwezinto ze-graphite nezinto zerabha, i-inorganic flame retardant, i-accelerator, i-vulcanization agent, i-reinforcement agent, i-filler mixing, i-vulcanization, i-molding, eyenziwe ngezincazelo ezahlukene zomugqeni werabha wokuvala wokukhulisa, osetshenziswa kakhulu ezicabheni zomlilo, amafasitela omlilo nezinye izikhathi. Umugqeni wokuvala wokukhulisa ungavimba ukugeleza kwentuthu kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni ekushiseni kwegumbi kanye nomlilo. Enye ibhande le-fiber yengilazi njengoba isithwali, i-graphite enwebekayo ene-binder eboshiwe esithwalini, i-glue eyakhiwe ngezinto ezishisa kakhulu ezinikezwe amandla okusika ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukushelela kwe-graphite. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezicabheni zomlilo, kodwa ayikwazi ukuvimba ngempumelelo ukugeleza kwegesi ebandayo yomoya obandayo ekushiseni kwegumbi noma ekushiseni okuphansi, ngakho-ke kumele isetshenziswe nesivalo sokushisa kwegumbi.
I-graphite enwebekayo evimbela ilangabi iyi-lame retarder enhle yezinto zepulasitiki. Inezici zokungangcolisi futhi ayinayo ingcoliseko. Ingafinyelela umphumela ofanele wokuvimbela ilangabi uma isetshenziswa yodwa noma ixutshwe nezinye izinto ezivimbela ilangabi. I-graphite enwebekayo ingafinyelela umphumela ofanayo wokuvimbela ilangabi, inani lincane kakhulu kune-lame retarder evamile. Isimiso sayo sokusebenza sithi: ekushiseni okuphezulu, ukwanda kwe-graphite kunganda ngokushesha, kucime ilangabi, futhi izinto zokwandisa i-graphite ezikhiqizwa yiyo zimbozwe ebusweni be-substrate, zihlukaniswe nemisebe yokushisa kanye nokuxhumana kwe-oxygen; Ama-acid radicals ku-interlayer akhishwa ngesikhathi sokwandiswa, okukhuthaza nokufakwa kwe-carbonization kwe-substrate, ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emihle ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuvimbela ilangabi.
Isikhwama esingashisi, izinto zebhulokhi ezingashisi zohlobo lwepulasitiki, indandatho yokumelana nomlilo ngoba i-graphite enwebekayo ekushiseni okuphezulu inamandla okumelana nomonakalo futhi inesilinganiso esiphakeme sokunwebeka, ingasetshenziswa njengesikhwama esingashisi, izinto zebhulokhi ezingashisi zohlobo lwepulasitiki, izingxenye zendandatho yokumelana nomlilo ezintweni ezivimbela umlilo ezinwebekayo ezisebenzayo, ezisetshenziselwa ukuvala umlilo esakhiweni (njenge: ipayipi lokwakha elivalayo, ikhebula, ucingo, igesi, ipayipi legesi, ipayipi lomoya elidlula emgodini nezinye izikhathi).
Ukusetshenziswa Ezimbozweni Izinhlayiya ezincane ze-graphite enwebekayo zingafakwa ezimbozweni ezivamile ukuze kukhiqizwe ukugqoka okungcono okubamba umlilo nokungaguquguquki, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwazo nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nomlilo. Inani elikhulu lesendlalelo sekhabhoni esingashisi esakhiwe emlilweni singavimba ngempumelelo imisebe yokushisa eya embozweni futhi sivikele ngempumelelo imbozwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-graphite ingumqhubi kagesi omuhle, ukugqoka kungavimbela ukuqongelela kweshaja kagesi, okusetshenziselwa amathangi okugcina uphethiloli, ukuze kufezwe umphumela ophindwe kabili wokuvimbela umlilo kanye nogesi ongaguquguquki.
Ibhodi lokuvimbela umlilo, iphepha lomlilo elimelana nokugqwala kanye nepuleti elimelana nokushisa okuphezulu: esisekelweni sensimbi esimbozwe ungqimba lwe-graphite oluthuthwayo, ungqimba lwe-graphite oluthuthwayo kanye nesisekelo sensimbi phakathi kwengqimba yokunamathela ekhabhoni, ungqimba lwe-graphite oluthuthwayo lumbozwe ungqimba oluvikelayo oluthuthwayo. Ukumelana nokugqwala, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lungasetshenziswa futhi ngokujwayelekile ekushiseni okuphansi. Alwesabi ukupholisa okusheshayo kanye nokushisa okusheshayo, futhi lune-coefficient enhle kakhulu yokuqhuba ukushisa. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lingu-100 ~ 2 000 ℃. Uhla olubanzi lokusetshenziswa, okulula ukulwenza, izindleko eziphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-graphite enwebekayo enwebeka ekushiseni okuphezulu, iphepha le-graphite elicindezelwe, lisetshenziswa nasezindaweni zokuvikela umlilo.
