Iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwegrafiti eyongeziweyo
1. Izinto zokutywina zixutywe ne-grafite yekhabhoni ephezulu kunye ne-sulfuric acid egxininisiweyo kunye ne-nitric acid ukuze kulungiswe i-acidification, kunyangwe ubushushu, emva koko kucinezelwe kwaye kwenziwe. I-graphite eguquguqukayo elungiselelweyo yinto entsha yokutywina esebenza kakhulu, kwaye luhlobo lwezinto ezikhuliswa kwindawo. Xa ithelekiswa nerabha ye-asbestos kunye nezinye izinto zokutywina zendabuko, inokucinezeleka okuhle, ukuqina, ukuzibophelela, uxinano oluphantsi kunye nezinye iimpawu ezintle, kwaye ingasetyenziswa kubushushu obuphezulu, ukubola okuphezulu kunye nezinye iimeko zokusebenza ezinzima ixesha elide. Iipleyiti ze-graphite kunye nezinto zokutywina ezenziwe yiyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aerospace, oomatshini, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, amandla enyukliya, i-petrochemical, amandla ombane, ukwakha iinqanawa, ukunyibilikisa kunye namanye amashishini. Kuba inobunzima obulula, i-conductive, i-thermal conductivity, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana ne-acid kunye ne-alkali corrosion, ukuqina okuhle, ukuthambisa, i-plasticity kunye nozinzo lweekhemikhali kunye nezinye iimpawu ezintle, ezaziwa ngokuba "ngukumkani wotywino" wehlabathi.
2. I-graphite enokukhuliswa efunyenwe ngokwandiswa kobushushu obuphezulu kwicandelo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo inesakhiwo esityebileyo se-pore kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kwe-adsorption, ngoko ke inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye ne-biomedicine. Ulwakhiwo lwe-pore ye-graphite enokukhuliswa yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezimbini: i-pore evulekileyo kunye ne-pore evaliweyo. Umthamo we-pore ye-graphite enokukhuliswa umalunga ne-98%, kwaye ikakhulu yi-pore enkulu enoluhlu lokusasazwa kobukhulu be-pore lwe-1 ~ 10.3 nm. Ngenxa yokuba iyi-macroporous, i-mesoporous ikakhulu, ngoko ke i-activated carbon kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci kwiimpawu ze-adsorption zahlukile. Ifanelekile kwi-adsorption yesigaba solwelo, kodwa hayi kwi-adsorption yesigaba segesi. I-oleophilic kwaye ayithandi i-hydrophobic kwi-adsorption yesigaba solwelo. I-1 g ye-graphite enokukhuliswa inokufunxa ioyile enzima engaphezulu kwe-80 g, ngoko ke sisixhobo sokukhusela okusingqongileyo esithembisayo sokucoca ungcoliseko lweoyile kumphezulu wamanzi. Kunyango lwamanzi amdaka lwamashishini eekhemikhali, iintsholongwane (iibhaktheriya) zihlala zisetyenziswa. I-graphite enwebekayo iluncedo kakhulu ekuthwaleni iintsholongwane, ingakumbi ekunyangweni kwamanzi kongcoliseko lwe-oyile oluvela kwi-organic macromolecule. Ngenxa yokuba izinzile kakuhle kwiikhemikhali kwaye iphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona, inethuba elihle lokusetyenziswa.
3, amayeza ngenxa yegrafayithi enwebekayo aneempawu zokufunxwa kwee-macromolecules zezinto eziphilayo nezebhayoloji, anoluhlu olubanzi lwamathuba okusetyenziswa kwizinto ze-biomedical.
4, i-grafiti yezinto zebhetri ezinamandla aphezulu, i-expanders material expanders njengezinto zebhetri, kukusetyenziswa kwe-expanders graphite layer reaction yokutshintsha kwamandla asimahla abe ngamandla ombane. Ngokwesiqhelo i-grafiti enokwandiswa isetyenziswa njenge-cathode, i-lithium njenge-anode, okanye i-grafiti enokwandiswa i-composite silver oxide njenge-cathode, i-zinc njenge-anode. I-inki ye-fossil fluoride, i-grafiti acid kunye ne-grafiti enokwandiswa yee-metal halides ezifana ne-AuCl3 kunye ne-TiF4 ziye zasetyenziswa kwiibhetri.
5, into ethintela umlilo
Ngenxa yokwanda kwegrafiti enokwandiswa kunye nokumelana kwayo nobushushu obuphezulu, igrafiti enokwandiswa iba yinto efanelekileyo yokutywina kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kumcu wokuvala umlilo. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili: eyokuqala kukwandiswa kwezinto zegrafiti kunye nezinto zerabha, i-inorganic flame retardant, i-accelerator, i-vulcanization agent, i-reinforcement agent, i-filler mixing, i-vulcanization, i-molding, eyenziwe ngeenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zomcu werabha wokuvala okwandiswayo, osetyenziswa kakhulu kwiingcango zomlilo, iifestile zomlilo kunye nezinye izihlandlo. Umcu wokuvala okwandiswayo unokuthintela ukuhamba komsi ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni kubushushu begumbi kunye nomlilo. Enye yi-glass fiber band njengoko umthwali, igrafiti enokwandiswayo ene-binder ebotshelelwe kumthwali, i-adhesive eyenziwe ngezinto ezifakwe i-carbon kubushushu obuphezulu ezibonelelwa ngamandla okucheba inokuthintela ngempumelelo ukutyibilika kwegrafiti. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiingcango zomlilo, kodwa ayinakuthintela ngempumelelo ukuhamba kwegesi ebandayo yomoya kubushushu begumbi okanye kubushushu obuphantsi, ngoko ke kufuneka isetyenziswe kunye ne-sealant yobushushu begumbi.
I-graphite enwebekayo ethintela ilangatye ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zeplastiki. Ineempawu zokuba ayinabungozi kwaye ayinangcoliseko. Ingafikelela kwisiphumo esifanelekileyo sokuthintelwa komlilo xa isetyenziswa yodwa okanye ixutywe nezinye izinto ezithintela ilangatye. I-graphite enwebekayo inokufikelela kwisiphumo esifanayo sokuthintelwa komlilo, ubungakanani bayo buncinci kakhulu kune-raphite eqhelekileyo. Umgaqo wayo wokusebenza ngulo: kubushushu obuphezulu, ukwandiswa kwe-graphite kunokwanda ngokukhawuleza, kucinezele ilangatye, kwaye izinto zokwandiswa kwe-graphite eziveliswa yiyo zigqunywe phezu komphezulu we-substrate, zahlulwe kwimitha yobushushu kunye noqhagamshelwano lwe-oksijini; Ii-acid radicals kwi-interlayer ziyakhutshwa ngexesha lokwandiswa, nto leyo ekwakhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-carbonization ye-substrate, ukuze kufezekiswe iziphumo ezilungileyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintelwa komlilo.
Ingxowa engatshiyo, izinto zebhloko ezitshiyo zohlobo lweplastiki, iringi yokumelana nomlilo kuba igrafiti enokukhuliswa kubushushu obuphezulu inako ukumelana nomonakalo kwaye inesantya esiphezulu sokwandiswa, ingasetyenziswa njengebhegi engatshiyo, izinto zebhloko ezitshiyo zohlobo lweplastiki, izinto zeringi yokumelana nomlilo kwizixhobo ezithintela umlilo zokwandiswa ezisebenzayo, ezisetyenziselwa ukuvala umlilo kwisakhiwo (ezifana: umbhobho wokwakha otywiniweyo, intambo, ucingo, igesi, umbhobho wegesi, umbhobho womoya odlula emngxunyeni kunye nezinye iimeko).
Ukusetyenziswa kwiingubo Iingqayi ezincinci zegrafiti enokwandiswa zingongezwa kwiingubo eziqhelekileyo ukuvelisa iingubo ezithintela ilangatye nezichasene ne-static, kwaye ziphucule ukumelana kwazo nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nomlilo. Ubungakanani obukhulu bomaleko wekhabhoni ongatshiyo owenziwe emlilweni bunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo imitha yobushushu kwi-substrate kwaye bukhusele ngokufanelekileyo i-substrate. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba igrafiti ingumqhubi wombane olungileyo, ingubo inokuthintela ukuqokelelwa kweetshaja ze-electrostatic, ezisetyenziselwa iitanki zokugcina ipetroli, ukufezekisa isiphumo esiphindwe kabini sokuthintela umlilo kunye nombane ongashukumiyo.
Ibhodi yokuthintela umlilo, iphepha lomlilo elimelana nokugqwala kunye nepleyiti emelana nobushushu obuphezulu: kwisiseko sesinyithi esigqunywe ngumaleko wegrafiti onokuthi ufuduke, umaleko wegrafiti onokuthi ufuduke kunye nesiseko sesinyithi phakathi komaleko weglue onokuthi ufuduke, umaleko wegrafiti onokuthi ufuduke ugqunywe ngumaleko okhuselayo onokuthi ufuduke. Ukumelana nokugqwala, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubushushu obuphantsi. Ayikoyiki ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inomlinganiselo ogqwesileyo wokuqhuba ubushushu. Ubushushu bokusebenza buyi-100 ~ 2 000 ℃. Uluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, kulula ukulwenza, ixabiso eliphantsi. Ukongeza, igrafiti enokuthi ikhule ikhule kubushushu obuphezulu, iphepha legrafiti elicinezelweyo, ikwasetyenziswa kwiindawo zokukhusela umlilo.
