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Amafilimu we-Nanoscale graphite (ama-NGF) anamandla ama-nanomatadium ashukumisayo anganikezwa yi-Catalytic Chemical Vapor deposition, kepha imibuzo ihlala ngokulula kokudluliswa kwayo nokuthi i-morphology yaphakade ithinta kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumadivayisi wesizukulwane esilandelayo. Lapha sibika ukukhula kwe-ngf ezinhlangothini zombili ze-polycrystalline nickel foil (indawo engama-55 cm2, ukushuba okungama-100 nm) kanye nokudluliswa kwayo kwama-polymer Ngenxa ye-morphology ye-foil ye-catalyst, amafilimu amabili e-carbon ahluka ngezinto zawo ezibonakalayo kanye nezinye izici (njengokuqina komhlaba). Sibonisa ukuthi ama-ngfs ane-backside enobuhlakani afanelekele kahle ukutholwa kwe-no2, kuyilapho ama-ngfs abushelelezi futhi avuselela ama-ngfs ohlangothini olungaphambili (2000 sm, ishidi lokumelana - ama-ohms angama-50 / m2) angaba ngabaphangi abasebenza kahle. Isiteshi noma i-electrode yeseli yelanga (ngoba idlulisela ama-62% wokukhanya okubonakalayo). Sekukonke, izinqubo zokukhula ezichaziwe nezinqubo zokuhamba zingasiza ekuboneni i-NGF njengenye impahla yekhabhoni yezicelo zezobuchwepheshe lapho amafilimu we-graphite nama-micron-micron awufanele.
I-Graphite iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu yezimboni. Okuphawuleka kakhulu, i-Graphite inezakhiwo zobuningi obuphansi obuphansi kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu okushisayo nokusebenza kukagesi, futhi kuzinza kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamandla zokushisa namakhemikhali1,2. I-flake graphite iyinto eyaziwayo yokuqala yokucwaninga kwe-graphene3. Lapho icutshungulwa ibe ngamafilimu amancanyana, ingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kufaka phakathi izinsimbi zokushisa zamadivayisi we-elekthronikhi afana nama-Smartphones4,5,6,7, njengezinto ezisebenzayo ezivinjelwe nge-electromagnetic. Amafilimu ama-Lithography ku-Ultraviolet13333,14, enza iziteshi kuma-solar cell15,16. Kuzo zonke lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, kungaba yinzuzo enkulu uma izindawo ezinkulu zamafilimu we-graphite (ama-NGF) ezilawulwa yi-nanoscale <100 nm zingakhiqizwa kalula futhi zithuthwe.
Amafilimu we-Graphite akhiqizwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Kokunye, ukushumeka kwalandelwa ukwanda okuxokwa kwasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-graphene10,11,17. Ama-flakes kumele asetshenziswe futhi abe amafilimu obukhulu obudingekayo, futhi kuvame ukuthatha izinsuku eziningana ukukhiqiza amashidi aminyene. Enye indlela ukuqala ngabameleli abaqinile abaqinile. Embonini, amashidi ama-polymers akwenziwe nge-carbonised (ku-1000-1500 ° C) bese aqhakaza (ngo-2800- 3200 ° C) ukwakha izinto ezihlelwe kahle. Yize izinga lala mafilimu liphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kubalulekile1,18,19 kanti ubukhulu obuncane bunqunyelwe kuma-microns1,18,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,20.
I-Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) iyindlela eyaziwayo yokukhiqiza amafilimu we-graphite nama-graphin we-ultrathin (<10 nm) ngekhwalithi ephezulu yesakhiwo kanye ne-Cost21,25,25,26,24,25,26,27,26,27,26,27,23,27. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhula kwe-graphite ye-graphite ne-ultrathin, ukukhula kwendawo enkulu kanye / noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-NGF kusetshenziswa i-CVD kungakancane kakhulu kuhlolwe11,13,32,30.
I-CVD-Grown Graphene namafilimu we-graphite ajwayele ukudluliselwa ku-subxtrate34. Lokhu kudluliselwa kwamafilimu amancanyana kubandakanya izindlela ezimbili eziphambili35: (1) Okungekho okulandelanayo kwe-Transfer36,37 kanye (2) nokudluliswa kwamakhemikhali okususelwa emanzini (substrate kusekelwa) 14,34,38. Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo ezithile nobunzima futhi kufanele ikhethwe ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza okuhlosiwe, njengoba kuchaziwe kwenye indawo yokuhlala kabusha35,39. For graphene/graphite films grown on catalytic substrates, transfer via wet chemical processes (of which polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the most commonly used support layer) remains the first choice13,30,34,38,40,41,42. Wena et al. Kwashiwo ukuthi ayikho i-polymer esetshenziselwe ukudluliswa kwe-NGF (usayizi wesampula cishe 4 cm2) 25,43, kepha ayikho imininingwane enikezwe ngokuqina kwesampula kanye / noma ukuphatha ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwesampula kanye / noma ukuphathwa ngesikhathi sokudluliswa; Izinqubo ezimanzi zamakhemikhali zisebenzisa ama-polymers ziqukethe izinyathelo eziningana, kufaka phakathi uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nokususwa okulandelayo kwe-polymer ungqimba ungqimba30,38,40,41,42. Le nqubo inobunzima: ngokwesibonelo, izinsalela ze-polymer zingashintsha izakhiwo ze-Film38. Ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe kungasusa i-polymer eyinsalela, kepha lezi zinyathelo ezengeziwe zandisa izindleko nesikhathi sokukhiqiza ifilimu38,40. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-CVD, ungqimba lwe-graphene ufakwa ohlangothini olungaphambili lwe-foil foil (uhlangothi olubheke ukugeleza komoya), kodwa nangohlangothi lwalo lwasemuva. Kodwa-ke, lokhu okugcina kubhekwa njengoMkhiqizo Wokungcola futhi kungasuswa ngokushesha nge-Plasma388,41. Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha le filimu kungasiza ukukhulisa isivuno, noma ngabe kuyikhwalithi ephansi kunefilimu lekhabhoni.
Lapha, sibika ukulungiswa kokukhula kwe-ngf okulinganiselwe kwe-NGF ngekhwalithi ephezulu yesakhiwo ku-polycrystalline nickel foil ka-CVD. Kuhlolwe ukuthi ubulukhuni be-foil bangabusi buthinta kanjani i-morphology kanye nokwakheka kwe-NGF. Siphinde sikhombise ukudluliswa okungabizi kakhulu futhi okunemvelo kwe-polymer-mahhala kwe-POLMER-free ye-POLMER kusuka zombili izinhlangothi ze-nickel foil ku-substrate etholakalayo futhi zikhombise ukuthi amafilimu angaphambili angemuva alungele kanjani izicelo ezahlukahlukene.
Lezi zingxenye ezilandelayo zixoxa ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene befilimu yama-graphite ngokuya ngenani lezinhlangano ze-graph ezihlanganisiwe: (ii) i-porser graphene (ii) i-multilayer graphene ((ii) izingqimba ze-multilayer), (i-IV) izingqimba ze-multilayer) kanye (iv) nezendlalelo ze-NGF (iv) NGF (iv) nezendlalelo ze-NGF (iv) NGF (iv) izingqimba). Lesi sakamuva sikhulu kakhulu esivezwe njengephesenti lendawo (cishe i-97% yendawo nge-100 μm2) 30. Kungakho yonke ifilimu ibizwa nje nge-NGF.
Ama-polycrystallineline ama-foil asetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwe-graphiene namafilimu we-graphite anokuhlanganiswa okuhlukile ngenxa yokucutshungulwa kwawo kanye nokucutshungulwa okulandelayo. Sisanda kubika isifundo sokwandisa inqubo yokukhula kwe-NGF330. Sibonisa ukuthi amapharamitha enqubo afana nesikhathi sokuncipha nesikhathi sokucindezela kweChamber ngesikhathi sokukhula kudlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni ama-ngfs ubukhulu be-unifomu. Lapha, siphinde saphenya ukukhula kwe-NGF ku-Powed Front Front (FS) kanye nokungavinjelwa emuva (bs) okungekho emhlane (BS) Izinhlobo ezintathu zamasampula FS kanye nama-Bs ahloliwe, abhalwe kuThebula 1. Ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo kwe-ngf kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-nickel foil (i-FIG. 1A); Kuqinisekisiwe izilinganiso ze-microscopic (Fig. 1b, c). I-raman spectrum ejwayelekile ye-FS-ngf ebonwe esifundeni esikhanyayo futhi iboniswe ngemicibisholo ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-orange ku-Figure 1B ikhonjiswa kuMfanekiso 1c. Iziqongo zeRaman Raman ze-graphite g (1683 cm-1) ne-2D (2696 cm-1) Qinisekisa ukukhula kweCrystalline NGF (Fig. 1c, Ithebula le-SI1). Kuyo yonke ifilimu, ukubekwa phambili kweRaman Spectra nge-Intensity Ratio (I2D / IG) ~ 0.3 kwaqanjwa, kuyilapho kwakuqabukela i-raman nge-I2D / IG = 0.8 akuzange kubhekwe. Ukungabikho kweziqongo ezingonakele (D = 1350 cm-1) kuyo yonke ifilimu kukhombisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yokukhula kwe-NGF. Imiphumela efanayo yeRaman yatholakala kwisampula ye-BS-NGF (i-SI1 A no-B, Ithebula li1).
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-niag fs- ne-BS-ngf: (a) isithombe sesampula esijwayelekile se-NGF (NIAG) esibonisa ukukhula kwe-NGF esikalini ((c5 cm2) kanye ne-FS-ni foil izithombe, (c) i-FS-NI foil izithombe ezigcinwe ezikhundleni ezihlukile ePanel B, ((D, F) seM izithombe Ekukhulisweni okuhlukile ku-FS-NGF / NI, (e, g) sem izithombe ze-sem ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhulisa kusetha ama-BS -ngf / NI. Umcibisholo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukhombisa isifunda se-FLG, umcibisholo we-orange ukhombisa isifunda se-MLG (eduze kwesifunda se-FLG), umcibisholo obomvu ukhombisa isifunda se-NGF, kanti umcibisholo we-magenta ukhombisa isibaya.
Njengoba ukukhula kuncike ekunciphiseni kwe-substrate yokuqala, usayizi we-crystal, ukuqondiswa, kanye nemingcele yokusanhlamvu, ukuzuza ukulawula okunengqondo kokubukhali kwe-ngf ezindaweni ezinkulu kuhlala kuyinselelo20,34,44. Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise okuqukethwe esake lwakushicilela30. Le nqubo ikhiqiza isifunda esikhanyayo esingu-0.1 kuya ku-3% nge-100 μm230. Ezingxenyeni ezilandelayo, sethula imiphumela yezinhlobo zombili zezifunda. Izithombe ze-Magn Magn Sem zibonisa ukuba khona kwezindawo ezimbalwa eziqhakazile eziqhakazile ezinhlangothini zombili (Fig. 1f, g), okubonisa ukuba khona kwezifundeni ze-FLG ne-MLG30,45. Lokhu kwaphinde kwaqinisekiswa yiRaman ehlakazeka (Fig. 1c) kanye nemiphumela ye-tem (okuxoxwe ngayo kamuva engxenyeni ethi "FS-NGF: Ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo"). Izifunda ze-FLG nezindawo ze-MLG ezibonwe ku-FS- kanye ne-BS-NGF / NI amasampula (ngaphambili nangemuva imali etshalwe ku-ni) kungenzeka ukuthi kukhule ngamatshe amakhulu angu-11) Ukugoqa kwaqashelwa ezinhlangothini zombili (Fig. 1b, kumakwe ngemicibisholo onsomi). Lawa mafoltela avame ukutholakala ku-CVD-grown graphene kanye namafilimu we-graphite ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu ku-coefficient yokwanda okushisayo phakathi kwegrafu kanye ne-nickel substrate30,38.
Isithombe se-AFM sikuqinisekisile ukuthi isampula le-FS-ngf lalithambekele kunesampula ye-BS-NGF (sifanekisela i-SI1) (Sithola i-SI1). Izimpande zisho amanani we-fS-ngf Ubulukhuni obuphakeme bungaqondakala ngokususelwa ekuhlaziyweni komhlaba kwe-nickel (NIAR) FOIL esimweni esitholwe njenge-AS-STATE (SAME SI3). Izithombe ze-FS kanye ne-BS-NIAR zikhonjiswe kwizibalo ze-SI3A-D, zibonisa ubucwebe obuhlukile njengezinhlayiya ezinamandla aphezulu. wehla. Izithombe eziphansi neziphezulu zokuxazulula izilungiselelo ze-nickel foil (NIA) zikhonjiswe ku-Ficy Si3e-H. Kulezi zibalo, singabona ukuba khona kwezinhlayiya eziningana ze-nickel ezinobukhulu be-micron kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-nickel foil (Fig. I-SI3E-H). Okusanhlamvu okukhulu kungahle kube ne-NI (111) yokuqonda ingaphezulu, njengoba bekubikwa ngaphambili. Kunokwehluka okukhulu ku-nickel foil morphology phakathi kwe-FS-NIA ne-BS-Nia. Ubulukhuni obuphakeme be-BS-NGF / NI kungenxa yobuso obungasuswanga be-BS-NIAR, ingaphezulu kwalo buhlale bulukhuni kakhulu ngisho nangemva kokungenisa (umfanekiso we-SI3). Lolu hlobo lokuqhamuka komhlaba ngaphambi kokuba inqubo yokukhula ivumela ubulukhuni be-graphene namafilimu we-graphite alawulwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-substrate yasekuqaleni ihlukaniswe kabusha kokusanhlamvu kokukhula okusanhlamvu, okunciphisa kancane okusanhlamvu kanye nokunye okusanhlamvu kwangaphandle kwe-substrate of the substrate kuqhathaniswa ne-foil ye-foil ye-foil ne-catalyst.
Ukuhlelela okuhle kwe-substrate ingaphezulu ubulukhuni, isikhathi sokuncishiswa (usayizi wokusanhlamvu) 30,47 nokukhishwa kwe-30,47 kuzosiza ukunciphisa ukulingana kwe-NGM yesifunda ku-μM2 kanye / noma ngisho naku-nm2 ukuhlukahluka kwama-nanometers ambalwa). Ukulawula ubulukhuni be-substrate, izindlela ezinjengokudonswa kwe-electrolytic kwe-ox ye-nickel ephumayo kungabhekwa48. I-ox ye-nickel ekhethiwe ingabe isinxuswa emazingeni okushisa aphansi (<900 ° C) 46 nesikhathi (<5 min) ukugwema ukwakheka kwamanani amakhulu we-NI (111) (okuzuzisa ukukhula kwe-FLG).
I-SLG ne-FLG graphene ayikwazi ukubekezelela ukungezwani kwama-acid namanzi, kudinga izingqimba zokusekelwa zemishini ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokudlulisa amakhemikhali ezimanzi. Ngokungafani nokudluliswa kwamakhemikhali okumanzi kwe-polymer-isendlalelo esisodwa se-graphene38, sathola ukuthi zombili izinhlangothi ze-NGF ezikhulile zingadluliswa ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwe-polymer, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2A (bheka umfanekiso si4a ukuthola eminye imininingwane). Ukudluliselwa kwe-NGF kuya engxenyeni ethile enikeziwe kuqala ngefilimu elimanzi le-NI30.49 film. Amasampula akhulisiwe we-NGF / NI / NGF abekwa ubusuku bonke ku-15 ml ka-70% Hno3 ehlanjululwe nge-600 ml yamanzi e-deionized (DI). Ngemuva kokuthi i-NI Foil ichithwe ngokuphelele, i-FS-ngf ihlala iyisicaba futhi iyantanta ebusweni be-ketshezi, njenge-NGF / NI / NGF isampula, ngenkathi i-BS-NGF icwiliswe emanzini (Fig. 2a, b). I-NGF ehlukanisiwe yabe isidluliselwe komunye umbhezi iqukethe amanzi amasha aqukethe enye i-beaker kanye ne-NGF ehlukanisiwe yagezwa kahle, iphindaphinda amahlandla amane kuya kwayisithupha nge-concave dish dish. Ekugcineni, i-FS-ngf ne-BS-ngf ibekwe ku-substrate oyifunayo (Fig. 2c).
Inqubo yokudluliswa kwamakhemikhali yama-polymer-free ye-NGF ikhule ku-nickel foil foil: (a) inqubo yenqubo ye-NII ((PAMPLES LIPSORT EMINYISI ((C) Ukudluliselwa kwe-SIO2 / (c) I-BS-ngf kusuka kusampula efanayo nephaneli d (ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili), idluliselwe ephepheni le-C ne-Nafion (eliguquguqukayo elibonakalayo elibonakalayo, imiphetho emakwe ngamakhona abomvu).
Qaphela ukuthi ukudluliswa kwe-SLG okwenziwe kusetshenziswa izindlela zokudlulisa zamakhemikhali ezimanzi kudinga isikhathi esiphelele sokucubungula samahora angama-20- 24. Ngendlela yokudlulisa mahhala ye-polymer Le nqubo iqukethe: (Isinyathelo 1) Lungiselela isixazululo se-etching bese ubeka isampula kuyo (~ 10 imizuzu), bese ulinda ubusuku bonke nge-NI etching (~ 7200 imizuzu), (Isinyathelo 2), (Isinyathelo 2). Gcina emanzini e-deionized noma udluliselwe ku-substrate (20 imiz). Amanzi abhajwe phakathi kwe-NGF kanye ne-matrix yenqwaba isuswe ngesenzo se-capillary (esebenzisa iphepha elicwebezelayo) 38, khona-ke amaconsi amanzi asele asuswa ngokomiswa kwemvelo (cishe amaminithi angama-30, ekugcineni isampula yomiswa imizuzu eyi-10. amaminithi kuhhavini we-vacuum (10-1 mbar) ku-50-90 ° C (60 min) 38.
I-Graphite yaziwa ukumelana nokuba khona kwamanzi nomoya emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (≥ 200 ° C) 50,51,52. Sihlole amasampula asebenzisa iRaman Spectroscopy, i-SEM, ne-XRD ngemuva kokugcina amanzi anamaphesenti asekamelweni nasemabhodleleni avaliwe kunoma yikuphi kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya konyaka owodwa kuya konyaka owodwa. Akukho ukucekelwa phansi okubonakalayo. Umdwebo we-2c ukhombisa ama-FS-ngf wamahhala we-FS-ngf kanye ne-bs-ngf emanzini ansundu. Sibathumbise ku-sio2 (300 nm) / substrate substrate, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ekuqaleni komfanekiso 2c. Ngokwengeziwe, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 2D, e, i-NGF eqhubekayo ingadluliselwa ku-substrates ahlukahlukene njengama-polymers (thermabright polyamide kusuka nexve I-FS-ngf entantayo ifakwe kalula engxenyeni yethagethi eqondiwe (Fig. 2c, d). Kodwa-ke, amasampula we-BS-NGF akhulu kune-3 cm2 kwakunzima ukuphatha lapho ecwiliswe ngokuphelele emanzini. Imvamisa, lapho beqala ukugoqa emanzini, ngenxa yokuphatha ngokungakhathali kwesinye isikhathi baphule izingxenye ezimbili noma ezintathu (Fig. 2e). Sekukonke, sikwazile ukufeza ukudluliselwa kwamahhala kwe-polymer ye-PS Noma yiziphi izingcezu ezinkulu ezisele noma ezincane zingaba (zibonakale kalula kwikhambi le-etching noma amanzi e-deionized) kwi-substrate oyifunayo (~ 1 mm2, sibona isampula le-SI4B, silinganise ukuthi i-NGFERSORTE, I-98-99% (ngemuva kokukhula kokudluliselwa).
Amasampula wokudlulisa ngaphandle kwe-polymer ahlaziywa ngokuningiliziwe. Izici ze-Surfological Izici ezitholwe ku-FS- nase-BS-ngf / Sio2 / si (Fig. 2c) Usebenzisa izithombe ze-Optical Microscopy (om) ne-Fig. Ukulimala okubonakalayo okubonakalayo okufana nemifantu, izimbobo, noma izindawo ezingafakwanga. Amafolda ku-NGF ekhulayo (Fig. Womabili la ma-FS- nama-BS-ngfs akhiwa ngezindawo ze-FLG (izifunda ezikhanyayo eziboniswa imicibisholo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuMdwebo 3). Ngokumangazayo, ngokungafani nezindawo ezilimele ezilimele ngokuvamile ezibonwa ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwe-polymer kwamafilimu we-polymer amafilimu we-praphin we-polyrmer, ama-flg ama-flg kanye ne-MLG axhuma kwi-NGF (emakwe yi-Blue Arrows kuMdwebo 3D) adluliswa ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma amakhefu (isithombe se-3D). 3). . Ubuqotho beMeyili buqinisekisiwe busetshenziswa kusetshenziswa izithombe ze-tem ne-sem ze-ngf ezidluliselwe ku-grid ye-lace-carbon yethusi, njengoba kuxoxwe kamuva ("FS-NGF: Ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo"). I-BS-ngf / Sio2 / si i-rougher kune-FS-ngf / sio2 / sio2 / si ngamanani we-RMS ka-140 nm no-17 nm, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Si6a kanye ne-B (20 × 20 μm2). Inani le-RMS le-NGF lidluliselwe ku-Sio2 / Si Substrate (RMS <2 nm) liphansi kakhulu (cishe izikhathi ezi-3) ukwedlula lelo ngf elikhule ku-NI (Fired SI2), libonisa ukuthi ukubiwa okwengeziwe kungahambelana ne-niaper. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombe ze-AFM ezenziwe emaphethelweni ama-FS- kanye ne-BS-ngf / Sio2 / Si amasampula akhombise ubukhulu be-ngf ka-100 no-80 nm, ngokulandelana (umdwebo (Fig. I-SI7). Ubukhulu obuncane be-BS-ngf bungahle bube ngumphumela wobubanzi obungavezwa ngokuqondile kugesi wangaphambilini.
Kudluliselwe i-NGF (NIAG) ngaphandle kwe-polymer ku-sio2 / Siefer (bheka umfanekiso 2c): (a, b) sem izithombe zedluliselwe FS-NGF: Ukukhulisa okuphansi nokuphezulu (okuhambelana nesikwele se-orange kuphaneli). Izindawo ezijwayelekile) - a). (c, d) izithombe ze-nzalo ye-BS-NGF edluliselwe (e, f) izithombe ze-AFM zedluliselwe ama-FS- nama-BS-ngfs. Umcibisholo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka umele isifunda se-FLG - Umehluko Ogqamile, i-Cyan Arrow - Quarst emnyama ye-MLG, umcibisholo obomvu - umcibisholo omnyama umele isifunda se-NGF, i-magenta Arrow imele isibaya.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-FS- kanye nama-BS-ngfs adluliselwe yi-X-ray Pleelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) (i-Fig. 4). Inani elibuthakathaka libonwe kwi-spectra elilinganisiwe (umdwebo we-4a, b), elihambisana ne-ni substrate (850 eV) ye-FS- kanye ne-BS-NGFS (NIAG). Azikho iziqongo ezilinganisweni ezilinganiswe zedluliselwe ama-FS- kanye bs-ngf / sio2 / si (Fig. 4c; imiphumela efanayo ye-BS-NGF / SIO2 / SIO2 / SIO2 Amanani 4d-F akhombisa ukubonwa okuphezulu kwesinqumo se-C 1 s, o 1 s kanye namazinga wamandla we-SI 2P we-FS-NGF / Sio2 / si. Amandla abopha amandla e-C 1 s we-graphite angama-284.4 ev53.54. Ukwakheka okuqondile kweziqongo ze-graphite kuvame ukubhekwa njenge-asymmetrical, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 4d54. I-High-Level C 1 s Spectrum (Fig. 4D) futhi ukuqinisekisile futhi ukudluliswa okuhlanzekile (okungukuthi, azikho izinsalela ze-polymer), ezihambisana nezifundo ezedlule38. I-linewidthth ye-C 1 s Spectra yesampula esanda kukhula (i-niag) nangemva kokudluliselwa yi-0.55 no-0.62 eV, ngokulandelana. Lawa manani aphezulu kunalawo we-SLG (0.49 eV for SLG kwi-Sio2 Substrate) 38. Kodwa-ke, la maxande ancanyana kunalokho obekubikwa ngaphambili amasampula we-prollythic graphidthths ahlelwe kakhulu (~ 0.75 eV) 53,54,55, ekhombisa ukungabikho kwezindawo zekhabhoni ezingenaphutha ezintweni ezibonakalayo. I-C 1 s kanye ne-O 1 SAGREEN CEVE LEVEL Spectra futhi iswele amahlombe, isusa isidingo se-High-resolution deconVolution54. Kukhona i-Π Π Π I-103 eV kanye no-532.5 isinambana e-EV Signals ku-SI 2P kanye ne-O 1 s 1 s COORE Level Spectra (bheka umdwebo we-Fig. 4e, F) kuthiwa yi-SIO2 56 substrate, ngokulandelana. I-XPS yindlela ebucayi engaphezulu, ngakho-ke amasiginali ahambelana ne-NI ne-SIO2 etholakele ngaphambi nangemva kokudluliselwa kwe-NGF, ngokulandelana, acatshangelwa ukuthi avela esifundeni saseFLG. Imiphumela efanayo yaqashelwa ukudluliselwa kwamasampula we-BS-NGF (ayikhonjisiwe).
Imiphumela ye-NIAG XPS: (AC) Ukuhlola Ukuhlola izingoma ezihlukile ze-Atomic ze-Atomic ze-FS-ngf / NI, BS-NGF / NI futhi zidlulisele i-FS-NGF / SIO2 / SI, ngokulandelana. (D-F) Ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu kwamazinga we-CORE AMAZWE C 1 S, O 1s kanye ne-SI 2P ye-FS-NGF / Sio2 / Sisampula.
Ikhwalithi ephelele yamakristalu adlulisiwe we-NGF ihlolwe kusetshenziswa ukwehluka kwe-X-RAY (XRD). Amaphethini we-XRD ejwayelekile (Fig. I-SI8) yedluliselwe ama-FS- ne-BS-ngf / Sio2 / Sikhombisa ukubheka iziqongo ezihlukile (0 0 0 0 0 4) ngo-26.6 ° no-54.7 °, efana ne-graphite. . Lokhu kufakazela ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-crystalline ye-NGF futhi ihambelana nebanga lokuhlanjwa kwe-D = 0.335 NM, eligcinwa ngemuva kwesinyathelo sokudlulisa. Ukuqina kwesibalo se-affraction (0 0 0 2) kucishe kube izikhathi ezingama-30 ezingezipendu ezihlukile (0 0 0 4), okukhombisa ukuthi indiza ye-NGF Crystal ihambisana kahle nePlanethi yesampula.
Ngokusho kwemiphumela ye-SEM, i-Raman Spectroscopy, i-XPS ne-XDD, ikhwalithi ye-BS-NGF / NI yatholakala ukuthi ifana neyama-FS-NGF / NI, yize ukulula kwayo kwe-RMS bekuphakeme kancane (izibalo zi4).
I-SLGS enezendlalelo zokusekelwa kwe-polymer kuze kufike ku-200 nm ubukhulu ongantanta emanzini. Lokhu kusetha kuvame ukusetshenziswa kwizinqubo zokudlulisa zamakhemikhali ze-polymer-ezisizwayo ze-Wet Chemples22,38. I-Graphine ne-graphite yi-hydrophobic (emanzi acile 80-90 °). Izindawo ezingaba khona zamandla zombili kanye ne-FLG zibikwe ukuthi ziyizicaba impela, zinamandla aphansi (~ 1 kJ / mol) ngokuhamba kwamanzi endaweni engaphezulu58. Kodwa-ke, ama-Enthernies ababaliwe wokusebenzisana kwamanzi ane-graphene kanye nezendlalelo ezintathu ze-graphene Lokhu kungaba ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani i-freestanding ngf ihlala ihlala ifulethi ebusweni bamanzi, kuyilapho i-frestanding graphene (entanta emanzini) ihlukana. Lapho i-NGF icwiliswe ngokuphelele emanzini (imiphumela iyefana nge-ngf enzima nefulethi), imiphetho yayo igoba (i-SI4). Endabeni yokubhalelwa kokuphelele, kulindeleke ukuthi amandla okusebenzisana kwamanzi acishe aphindwe kabili (kuqhathaniswa ne-NGF entantayo) nokuthi imiphetho ye-NGF Fold ukuze ilondoloze i-angle ephezulu (hydrophobicity). Sikholelwa ukuthi amasu angathuthukiswa ukugwema ukugoqa kwemiphetho yama-NGF ashumekiwe. Indlela eyodwa ukusebenzisa izixazululi ezixubile ukuguqula ukusabela okumanzi kwe-graphite film59.
Ukudluliswa kwe-SLG ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinto ezisetshenziselwa izinqubo zokudluliswa kwamakhemikhali ezimanzi kwangaphambilini kubikezelwe. Ngokuvamile kwamukelwa ukuthi amabutho abuthakathaka we-van der Waals akhona phakathi kwama-graphene / graphite amafilimu kanye nama-substrates (kungaba ama-substrates aqinile anjenge-sio2 / sic38,41,60 ,,60, au42,60, ama-substrates we-au42,60, Lapha sicabanga ukuthi ukusebenzisana kohlobo olufanayo kuqala. Asibonanga noma yimuphi umonakalo noma ukubhebhana kwe-ngf kunoma yikuphi okuphansi okwethulwe lapha ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kwemishini (ngesikhathi sokuma ngaphansi kwezimo ze-vacuum kanye / noma ngesitoreji) (isib. Isitoreji 2, SI7 ne-SI9). Ngaphezu kwalokho, asizange sibheke i-Sic Peak ku-XPS C 1 s spectrum yezinga elijwayelekile le-NGF / Sio2 / Simpula (Fig. 4). Le miphumela ikhombisa ukuthi akukho bobuhlobo bamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-NGF kanye ne-substrate eqondiwe.
Esigabeni esedlule, "ukudluliswa kwamahhala kwe-FS- kanye ne-BS-ngf," Sikhombise ukuthi i-NGF ingakhula futhi idlulise kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-Foil ye-nickel foil. Lawa ama-FS-ngfs kanye nama-BS-ngfs awafani ngokuya ngobuqili bendawo, okwasishukumisela ukuba sihlole izinhlelo ezifanele kakhulu zohlobo ngalunye.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukubonakala okusobala kanye nendawo ebushelelezi ye-FS-ngf, safunda isakhiwo sayo sendawo, i-optical and sikagesi ngemininingwane eminingi. Isakhiwo nokwakheka kwe-FS-ngf ngaphandle kokudluliswa kwe-polymer kubonakaliswa yi-Transfer Electron MicroScopy (tem) ukucabanga kwe-elektroni Imiphumela ehambisanayo ikhonjiswa kuMfanekiso 5 Ifilimu ephelele ibonisa ubuqotho obuhle bokuqina kanye nokuqina phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene ze-NGF ne-FLG, ngokugqagqana okuhle futhi akukho monakalo noma ukudwengula, okubuye kwaqinisekiswa kanye nezifundo eziphezulu ze-tem (isithombe 5c-e). Ikakhulu, ku-Fig. Umdwebo we-5d ukhombisa ukwakheka kwebhuloho endaweni yawo enkulu kunazo zonke (isikhundla esimakwe ngumcibisholo onamachashazi emfushane kuMdwebo 5d), okubonakala ngesimo se-triantier futhi siqukethe i-graphen ungqimba nobubanzi obungaba ngu-51. Ukwakheka ngesikhala se-interplanar se-0.33 ± 0.01 nm kuncishiswe kuye izingqimba eziningana ze-grapheene esifundeni esincanyana (ukuphela komcibisholo oqinile omnyama ku-5 d).
I-Planar tem isithombe sesampula ye-niag yamahhala ye-polymer ku-carbon lacy yethusi: (a, b) izithombe ze-tagnication tem izithombe kufaka phakathi izithombe eziphakeme ze-NGF kanye ne-FLG, (CE) izithombe eziphakeme zokukhulisa zezindawo ezahlukahlukene ephaneli-a nephaneli Imicibisholo eluhlaza kumaphaneli A no-C Khombisa izindawo eziyindilinga zomonakalo ngesikhathi sokuqondaniswa kwe-beam. (f-i) emaphanini a to C, amaphethini asebebanjiwe ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene kukhonjiswa ngemibuthano eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, cyan, orenji kanye kanye nemibuthano ebomvu, ngokulandelana.
Isakhiwo seRibbon kuMdwebo 5c sikhombisa (okumakwe ngomcibisholo obomvu) ukuqondiswa okuqondile kwezindiza ze-graphite lattice, ezingase zibe khona ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwama-nanofolds eceleni kwefilimu (i-insent kuMfanekiso 5c) ngenxa ye-Shear Discreed 30,61,62. Ngaphansi kwe-tem-resolution tem, lezi ze-nanofolds 30 zibonisa ukuma okuhlukile kwe-crystagographic ukwedlula yonke indawo ye-NGF; Izindiza ze-basal ze-graphite lattice zithathwe cishe zibheke ngokuqondile, kunokuba zifane nalo lonke ifilimu (inset in Figures 5c). Ngokufanayo, indawo ye-FLG ngezikhathi ezithile ikhombisa amafolda e-band kanye afana ne-band afana ne-band (emakwe yimicibisholo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), okuvela ekukhulisweni okuphansi okuphakathi nendawo okuphakathi kwezibalo 5b, 5e, ngokulandelana. I-Inset in Umdwebo 5E iqinisekisa ukuba khona kwezinhlangano ze-graphine ezihlukene ezimbili nezinhlaka ezintathu emkhakheni we-FLG (ibanga le-Interplanar ibanga 0.33 ± 0.01 NM), elivumelana Nemiphumela yethu edlule. Ngokwengeziwe, izithombe ezirekhodiwe ze-POLMER-Free NGF ezidluliselwe ku-grids yethusi ngamafidi we-lacy carbon (ngemuva kokwenza izilinganiso ze-tem eziphezulu) zikhonjiswa ku-SIPI9. Isifunda se-FLG esimisiwe se-FLG (esimakwe ngomcibisholo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) nesifunda esiphukile ku-SI9F. Umcibisholo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka (onqenqemeni lwe-NGF edlulisiwe) wethulwa ngamabomu ukukhombisa ukuthi isifunda se-FLG singamelana nenqubo yokudlulisa ngaphandle kwe-polymer. Ngamafuphi, lezi zithombe ziqinisekisa ukuthi i-NGF emiswe okwesikhashana (kufaka phakathi isifunda se-FLG) igcina ukuthembeka kwemishini ngisho nangemva kokuphathwa okuqinile nokuchayeka ku-vacuum ephezulu ngesikhathi se-tem ne-sem (umdwebo we-SI9).
Ngenxa yefulethi elihle kakhulu le-NGF (bheka umfanekiso Ngokuya ngobukhulu befilimu nendawo, indawo yayo, izifunda eziningana zentshisekelo (amaphuzu ayi-12) bakhonjwa izifundo zokuphazamiseka kwe-elektroni. Ezithombeni 5A-C, ezine zalezi zifunda ezijwayelekile zikhonjiswa futhi zimakwe ngemibuthano enemibala (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-cyan, i-orange, kanye namakhodi abomvu). Imidwebo 2 no-3 yemodi ye-SAED. Amanani ama-5F no-G atholakala esifundeni saseFLG esiboniswe kwizibalo ezi-5 no-5. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kwizibalo 5B no-C, ngokulandelana. Banesakhiwo se-hexagonal esifana nesontekile graphene63. Ikakhulu, Umdwebo we-5F ukhombisa amaphethini amathathu ahleliwe ngokulandelana okufanayo kwe- [0001] zone zone, ajikelezwe ngo-10 ° no-20 °, njengoba kufakazelwa yi-angular mismatch ka (10-10). Ngokufanayo, umfanekiso 5g ukhombisa amaphethini we-hexagonal amabili ajikelezwe ngo-20 °. Amaqembu amabili noma amathathu amaphethini we-hexagonal esifundeni saseFLG angaqhamuka ezingxenyeni ezintathu ezingena ezindizeni noma eziphepheni ze-graphane ye-33 ezijikelezayo ezijikelezayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amaphethini wokuphazamiseka kwe-elektroni kuMfanekiso 5h, i (ehambelana nesifunda se-NGF esikhonjiswe kuMdwebo 5A) Khombisa iphethini elihlukile eliphakeme, elihambelana nobukhulu obukhulu bendawo. Lawa mamodeli abatshulwayo ahambelana nesakhiwo esikhulu se-graphitic kanye nokuqondiswa okuphakathi kune-FLG, njengoba kungeniswe kusuka kwizinkomba ezingama-64. Inhlawulo yezakhiwo zekristalu ze-NGF iveze ama-crystallite amabili noma amathathu. Yini ephawuleka kakhulu esifundeni saseFLG ukuthi ama-crystallite anezinga elithile lendiza noma engaphandle kwendiza. Izinhlayiya / izingqimba ze-graphite ezinama-engeli ajikelezayo ezindizeni ezingu-17 °, ama-22 ° no-25 ° ngaphambili abikwe ukuthi i-NGF ikhule kumafilimu angama-64. Amanani we-rotation angle abonwa kulolu cwaningo ahambisana nama-engeli ajikelezayo aqashelwe ngaphambili (± 1 °) we-BlG63 graphene.
Izakhiwo zikagesi ze-NGF / Sio2 / sa zilinganiswa ngo-300 k ngaphezulu kwendawo engu-10 × 3 mm2. Amanani we-Electron Carriers Corrationration, ukuhamba kanye nokuvuselelwa yi-1.6 × 1020 cm-3, 220 cm2 v-1 c-1 no-2000 s-cm-1, ngokulandelana. Amanani wokuhamba kanye namanani we-ngf ethu afana ne-graphite yemvelo eyi-graphite yemvelo futhi ephakeme kune-graphite ye-prolytic etholakala ngokuhweba (ekhiqizwa ku-3000 ° C) 29. Amanani okuhlushwa ama-elektroni aqashelwe ama-oda amabili aphezulu aphezulu kunalokho okusanda kubikwa (7.25 × 10 cm-3) amafilimu we-graphite alungiselelwe kusetshenziswa amazinga okushisa aphezulu (3200 ° C) polymide amashidi 20.
Siphinde sasebenzisa izilinganiso zokudluliselwa kwe-UV-ezibonakalayo ku-FS-ngf edluliselwe kuma-quartz substrates (Umdwebo 6). I-spectrum ephumayo ikhombisa ukudluliselwa okucishe kube ngu-62% ebangeni elingama-350-800 nm, okukhombisa ukuthi i-ngf iguqukela ekukhanyiseni okubonakalayo. Eqinisweni, igama elithi "kaust" lingabonakala esithombeni sedijithali sesampula kuMfanekiso 6b. Yize isakhiwo se-nanocrystalline se-ngf sehlukile kulokho kwe-SLG, inani lezendlalelo lingalinganiselwa ngokulinganiselwa kusetshenziswa umthetho wokulahlekelwa okungu-2.3% ngesendlalelo senyere engeziwe. Ngokusho kwalobu budlelwano, inani lezinhlangano ze-graphene ngokulahleka kokuhambisa okungu-38% kungu-21. I-NGF ekhulile ikakhulukazi iqukethe izingqimba ezingama-300 ze-graphene, ie ezingaba ngu-100 nm, i-SI7). Ngakho-ke, sicabanga ukuthi ukubonwa okubonakalayo okubonakalayo kuhambelana nezifunda ze-FLG nezifunda ze-MLG, ngoba zisatshalaliswa kuyo yonke ifilimu (amakhiwane. 1, 3, 5 no-6c). Ngokungeziwe kwimininingwane ehlelekile ehlelekile, ukuqhutshwa kanye nokusobala futhi kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-Crystalline ye-NGF edlulisiwe.
(a) Ukulinganiswa kwe-UV-okubonakalayo okubonakalayo, (b) ukudluliswa okujwayelekile kwe-NGF ku-quartz usebenzisa isampula elimele. . Amajamo angahleliwe nosayizi bawo emjovwini ngezinjongo zokubonisa kuphela futhi ahambelani nezindawo zangempela.
I-Translucent NGF etshalwe yi-CVD phambilini idluliselwe eShilicon Surfaced futhi isetshenziswe kuma-solar cell15,16. Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla okuholela (i-PCE) kungu-1.5%. Lawa ma-NGF enza imisebenzi eminingi efana nezendlalelo ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo, amangalethsthi wezokuthutha, kanye ne-electrodent electrodes15,16. Kodwa-ke, ifilimu ye-graphite akayona umfaniswano. Ukusebenza okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ngokulawula ngokucophelela ukumelana neshidi nokudluliselwa kwe-graphite electrode, ngoba lezi zindawo ezimbili zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni inani le-PCE ye-Solar Cell15,16. Imvamisa, amafilimu we-graphene angama-97.7% asobala ekukhanyiseni okubonakalayo, kepha ahlukaniswe neshidi lika-200-3000 ohms / sq.16. Ukumelana komhlaba kwamafilimu we-graphene kungancishiswa ngokwandisa inani lezendlalelo (ukuhanjiswa okuningi kwezendlalelo ze-graphene) kanye ne-doping ne-HNO3 (~ 30 ohm / sq.) 66. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo ithatha isikhathi eside futhi izingqimba ezihlukile zokudlulisa azihlali zixhumana kahle. I-NGF yethu yangaphambili inezakhiwo ezinjenge-Courtiving 2000 S / CM, I-Film Sheet Resignance 50 OHM / SQ / SQ / SQ / SQ / SQ. kanye no-62% okusobala, okwenza kube ngenye indlela esebenzayo yeziteshi ezisebenzayo noma ama-electrodes e-counter kuma-solar cell15,16.
Yize isakhiwo kanye ne-chemistry ye-BS-ngf ziyefana ne-FS-ngf, ubulukhuni bayo buhlukile ("ukukhula kwe-FS- ne-BS-ngf"). Phambilini, sisebenzise i-graphite yefilimu ye-Ultra-mncane njenge-sensor yegesi. Ngakho-ke, sihlole ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kusetshenziswa i-BS-ngf ngemisebenzi yokuzwa igesi (i-SI10). Okokuqala, izingxenye ze-MM2 ze-BS-ngf zidluliselwe ku-chip ye-Electrode Electrigiting Electrigiting Aclectigiting (FAI110A-C). Imininingwane yokukhiqiza ye-chip yabikwa phambilini; Indawo yayo ebucayi esebenzayo ingu-9 mm267. Ku-sem izithombe (umdwebo we-SI10B no-c), i-electrode yegolide engaphansi ibonakala kahle nge-NGF. Futhi, kungabonakala ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-chip efanayo kutholwe kuwo wonke amasampula. Izilinganiso zezinzwa zegesi zamagesi ahlukahlukene zaqoshwa (Fig10 I1D) (Fig. I-SI11) kanye namazinga okuphendula aphumela aboniswa kumakhiwane. Bheka. Cishe namanye amagesi aphazamisayo kufaka phakathi i-SO2 (200 PPM), H2 (2%), CH4 (200 PPM), i-CO2 (2%), i-NH3 (200 PPM) ne-NH3 (200 ppm). Imbangela eyodwa yi-NO2. uhlobo lwe-electrophilic lwe-gesi22,68. Lapho ama-adsorbed ebusweni be-grapheene, kunciphisa ukumuncwa kwamanje kwama-elektroni ngohlelo. Ukuqhathanisa idatha yesikhathi sokuphendula yenzwa ye-BS-NGF enezinzwa ezishicilelwe ngaphambilini ezishicilelwe ngaphambilini kuvezwa kuTable si2. Indlela yokuvuselela kabusha izinzwa ze-NGF isebenzisa i-UV PLASMA, i-O3 PLASMA noma i-Thermal (50-150 ° C) Ukwelashwa kwamasampula aveziwe kuyaqhubeka, kulandelwa ngokufanele ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezishukumisayo ze-Systems69.
Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-CVD, ukukhula kwe-graphene kwenzeka ezinhlangothini zombili zeCatalyst substrate41. Kodwa-ke, i-BS-graphene ivame ukukhishwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokudlulisa41. Kulolu cwaningo, sibonisa ukuthi ukukhula kwekhwalithi ephezulu ye-NGF kanye nokudluliswa kwamahhala kwe-POLMER-Free NGF kungatholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokwesekwa kweCatalyst. I-BS-ngf icwebezela (~ 80 nm) kune-FS-ngf (~ 100 nm), futhi lo mehluko uchazwa ngeqiniso lokuthi i-BS-NI ayivezwa ngokuqondile ekuhambeni kwegesi yangaphambili. Siphinde sathola ukuthi ubulukhuni be-nundstrate nubstrate banalo luthonya ubulukhuni be-NGF. Le miphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-FS-ngf ekhulile ingahle isetshenziswe njengezinto zangaphambili ze-graphene (nge-exfoliation Method70) noma njengesiteshi esisebenzayo kuma-solar cell15,16. Ngokuphambene, i-BS-ngf izosetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwegesi (Fig. I-SI9) futhi mhlawumbe nama-Systems Storems71,72 lapho ububi bayo buzoba wusizo.
Uma kucatshangelwa okungenhla, kuyasiza ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi wamanje namafilimu we-graphite ashicilelwe ngaphambilini akhule nge-CVD futhi asebenzise i-nickel foil. Njengoba kungabonakala kuThebula 2, izingcindezi eziphakeme esisetshenziswe zifinyezo isikhathi sokuphendula (isigaba sokukhula) ngisho nasemazingeni aphansi aphansi (ebangeni lama-850-1300 ° C). Siphinde sathola ukukhula okukhulu kunokwejwayelekile, okukhombisa amandla okwakha. Kunezinye izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe, ezinye zazo esizifaka etafuleni.
I-NGF esezingeni eliphakeme eliphakeme kakhulu yakhulelwa ku-nickel foil nge-catalytic CVD. Ngokuqeda i-polymer substrates yendabuko (efana naleyo esetshenzisiwe ku-CVD graphene), sifinyelela ukudluliswa okumanzi okuhlanzekile futhi okungekho emthethweni kwe-NGF (esekhulile ezinhlangothini zangemuva nangaphambili ze-Nickel Foil) ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. Ngokusobala, i-NGF ifaka izifunda ze-FLG ne-MLG (imvamisa engu-0.1% kuya ku-3% nge-100 μm2) ehlanganiswe kahle kwifilimu enkulu. I-Planethi TEM ikhombisa ukuthi lezi zindawo zihlanganiswa izitaki zemigqa emibili kuya kwamathathu / ama-graphite (amakristalu noma izingqimba, ngokulandelana), ezinye zazo ezine-mismatch engu-10- 20 °. Izifunda ze-FLG nezindawo ze-MLG zibhekele ukucaca kwe-FS-gf kuya ekukhanyiseni okubonakalayo. Ngokuqondene namashidi angemuva, angathathwa ngokuhambisana namashidi angaphambili futhi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe, angaba nenhloso esebenzayo (ngokwesibonelo, ukutholwa kwegesi). Lezi zifundo zilusizo kakhulu ekunciphiseni imfucuza nezindleko ezinhlanganweni ze-CVD zezimboni.
Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu bokuqina kwe-CVD ngf bulala phakathi (okuphansi- kanye nongqimba ohlukahlukene) graphene kanye nezimboni (Micrometer) amashidi we-graphite. Ububanzi bezakhiwo zabo ezihehayo, ezihlanganiswe nendlela elula esiyenzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwazo kanye nokuhamba, yenza la mafilimu alungele ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuphendula okusebenzayo kwe-graphite, ngaphandle kwezindleko zezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezisebenza ngezimboni ezisetshenzisiwe.
I-foil ye-nickel-μm-μm-nye (99.5%, i-goodfillow) ifakwe ku-CVD reaction ye-CVD (Aixtron 4-Inch BMPRO). Uhlelo lwahlanzwa nge-argen futhi lwathululwa ekucindezelweni okuyisisekelo kwe-10-3 MBAR. Ngemuva kwalokho kwafakwa i-falula ye-nickel. e-AR / H2 (ngemuva kokukhulisa i-NI foil ngemizuzu engu-5, i-foil yavulelwa umngcele we-500 ° C. kwenye indawo30.
I-morphology engaphezulu yesampula yaboniswa nge-SEM usebenzisa i-Zeiss Merlin Microscope (1 KV, 50 PA). Ubulukhuni besampula engaphezulu nobukhulu be-ngf balinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-AFM (Disemoon Icon SPM, Bruker). Izilinganiso ze-tem kanye ne-laed zenziwa kusetshenziswa i-fai titan 80-300 ama-microscope cubed acift mossion gution (300 kv), i-fei wien monochromator, i-fei wien yohlobo monochromator kanye ne-ces lens lens spherical abrration crootor ukuthola imiphumela yokugcina. Isinqumo se-Spatial 0.09 NM. Amasampula we-NGF adluliselwe kuma-carbon lacy ahlanganisiwe amagridi we-Copper for flat tem ukucabanga ukucabanga nokuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, iningi lama-Flocs ayisampula amiswa kuma-pores olwelwesi olusekelayo. Amasampula adlulisiwe we-NGF ahlaziywa yi-XRD. Amaphethini wokuphazamiseka we-X-ray atholwe kusetshenziswa i-powder diffactometer (Bruckar, D2 Isigaba Shifter nge-CU KY, 1.5418 Å ongumtshina weLynxeye) Usebenzisa umthombo wemisebe ye-CU nge-3 mm ububanzi obungu-3 mm.
Izilinganiso eziningana zamaphoyinti weRaman zaqoshwa kusetshenziswa i-scalcope evumisayo (Alpha 300 Ra, Witec). I-laser engu-532 NM enamandla aphansi okuxoxa (ama-25%) asetshenziselwa ukugwema imiphumela eyenziwe kahle. I-X-ray PineElectron Spectroscopy (XPS) yenziwa ku-Kratos Axis Ultra Spectrometer ngaphezulu kwendawo eyi-300 × 700 μm2 ethola imisebe ye-monochromatic Al Kne Amasampula we-NGF adluliselwe ku-Sio2 anqunywe abe yizicucu (3 × 10 mm2 ngamunye) esebenzisa i-yts6mw (1.06 μm) Oxhumanaywe nge-30 w. Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Hall kwenziwa kulezi zinhlaka ngo-300 k kanye nokwehluka kwamandla kazibuthe kwe- I-UV-Vise spectra yaqoshwa kusetshenziswa i-Lambda 950 UV-vis spectrophotometer ku-350-800 NM NMF Range idluliselwe kuma-quartz substrates kanye namasampula wereferensi we-quartz.
Inzwa yokumelana namakhemikhali (i-chip ye-electrode ehlanganisiwe) yanethayipha ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe 73 kanti ukumelana kwakhishwa ngesikhashana. Ibhodi yesekethe ephrintiwe lapho idivaysi ixhunywe khona kuxhumeke kuma-terminals othintana nawo futhi ibekwe ngaphakathi kwekamelo elizwakalayo legesi 74. Izilinganiso zokumelana zithathwe ku-voltage ka-1 v nge-scan eqhubekayo ukusuka ekuvinjelweni kwegesi bese kuhlanzwa futhi. IChamber ekuqaleni yahlanzwa ngokuhlanza nge-nitrogen ku-200 cm3 ngehora eli-1 ukuqinisekisa ukususwa kwako konke okunye okuhlaziya okukhona egumbini, kubandakanya nomswakama. Ukuhlaziywa komuntu ngamunye kwavalwa kancane egumbini elifanayo lokugeleza kwama-200 cm3 ngokuvala isilinda se-N2.
Uhlobo olubukeziwe lwale ndatshana lushicilelwe futhi lungatholwa ngesixhumanisi esisephezulu kwendatshana.
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Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Aug-23-2024