Njengoba abakhiqizi bamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi baseNingizimu Korea belungiselela imikhawulo yokuthunyelwa kwe-graphite evela eShayina ezoqala ukusebenza ngenyanga ezayo, abahlaziyi bathi iWashington, iSeoul kanye neTokyo kufanele zisheshise izinhlelo zokuhlola ezihlose ukwenza izintambo zokuhlinzeka ziqine kakhudlwana.
UDaniel Ikenson, umqondisi wezohwebo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha e-Asia Public Policy Institute, utshele i-VOA ukuthi ukholelwa ukuthi i-United States, iNingizimu Korea kanye neJapan zilinde isikhathi eside kakhulu ukudala uhlelo lokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi oluhlongozwayo lwe-supply chain (EWS).
U-Ikenson uthe ukuqaliswa kwe-EWS “kwakufanele ngabe kusheshiswe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba i-United States iqale ukucabangela imikhawulo yokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ye-semiconductor kanye neminye imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eShayina.”
Ngo-Okthoba 20, uMnyango Wezohwebo waseShayina wamemezela imikhawulo yakamuva yaseBeijing ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kwezinto ezibalulekile zamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi, ezinsukwini ezintathu ngemuva kokuba iWashington imemezele imikhawulo ekuthengisweni kwama-semiconductors aphezulu eShayina, okuhlanganisa nama-chip obuhlakani bokwenziwa athuthukisiwe avela kumkhiqizi we-chip wase-US uNvidia.
UMnyango Wezohwebo uthe ukuthengisa kuvinjelwe ngoba iShayina ingasebenzisa ama-chip ukuthuthukisa intuthuko yayo yezempi.
Ngaphambilini, iShayina, kusukela mhla lu-1 kuNcwaba, yayikhawulele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-gallium ne-germanium, ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwama-semiconductor.
“Le mikhawulo emisha iklanywe ngokusobala yiShayina ukukhombisa ukuthi ingayinciphisa intuthuko yase-US ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlanzekile,” kusho uTroy Svangarone, umqondisi omkhulu we-Korea Economic Research Institute.
IWashington, iSeoul kanye neTokyo bavumelane engqungqutheleni yeCamp David ngo-Agasti ukuthi bazoqala iphrojekthi yokuhlola ye-EWS ukuze bathole ukuthembela ngokweqile ezweni elilodwa kumaphrojekthi abalulekile, okuhlanganisa amaminerali abalulekile namabhethri, kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuphakelwa.
La mazwe amathathu avumile futhi ukudala "izindlela ezihambisanayo" ngokusebenzisa uHlaka Lokuchuma Komnotho lwase-Indo-Pacific (IPEF) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla.
Uhulumeni kaBiden wethule i-IPEF ngoMeyi 2022. Uhlaka lokubambisana lubonakala njengomzamo wamazwe angamalungu ayi-14, okuhlanganisa i-US, iNingizimu Korea kanye neJapan, wokulwa nethonya lezomnotho laseShayina esifundeni.
Ngokuphathelene nokulawulwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, okhulumela iNxusa laseShayina uLiu Pengyu uthe uhulumeni waseShayina ngokuvamile ulawula ukulawulwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokuhambisana nomthetho futhi awuqondisi noma yiliphi izwe noma isifunda esithile noma yisiphi isigameko esithile.
Uphinde wathi iShayina ihlale izibophezele ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokuzinza kwezimboni zomhlaba wonke kanye neziteshi zokuhlinzeka futhi izohlinzeka ngamalayisense okuthumela kwamanye amazwe ahambisana nemithethonqubo efanele.
Wanezela ngokuthi “iShayina ingumakhi, umsunguli kanye nomlondolozi wezinkampani zezimboni kanye nezokuhlinzeka ezizinzile nezingenakuphazamiseka emhlabeni wonke” futhi “izimisele ukusebenza nabalingani bomhlaba wonke ukuze banamathele ekusebenzisaneni kwangempela kwamazwe amaningi futhi balondoloze ukuzinza kwezinkampani zezimboni kanye nezokuhlinzeka zomhlaba wonke.”
Abakhiqizi bamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi baseNingizimu Korea bebelokhu bezama ukugcina i-graphite eningi ngangokunokwenzeka selokhu iBeijing yamemezela imikhawulo ye-graphite. Izimpahla zomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi zehle njengoba iBeijing idinga ukuthi abathumeli bangaphandle baseShayina bathole amalayisense kusukela ngoDisemba.
INingizimu Korea ithembele kakhulu eShayina ekukhiqizweni kwe-graphite esetshenziswa kuma-anode ebhethri lezimoto zikagesi (ingxenye yebhethri eshajeke kabi). Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuSepthemba kulo nyaka, ngaphezu kwama-90% e-graphite yaseNingizimu Korea evela eShayina.
UHan Koo Yeo, owasebenza njengongqongqoshe wezohwebo waseNingizimu Korea kusukela ngo-2021 kuya ku-2022 futhi owayengumhlanganyeli wokuqala ekuthuthukisweni kwe-IPEF, uthe imikhawulo yakamuva yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe eBeijing izoba "into enkulu yokuvusa" amazwe afana neNingizimu Korea, iJapan neChina. INingizimu Korea. I-United States kanye nenani elincane lamazwe lithembele ku-graphite evela eShayina.
Khonamanjalo, uYang utshele i-VOA Korean ukuthi lesi silinganiso “siyisibonelo esiphelele” sokuthi kungani uhlelo lokuhlola kufanele lusheshiswe.
“Into eyinhloko ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nalesi sikhathi senhlekelele.” Nakuba kungakabi yisiphithiphithi esikhulu okwamanje, “imakethe ikhathazekile kakhulu, izinkampani nazo zikhathazekile, futhi ukungaqiniseki kukhulu kakhulu,” kusho uYang, manje ongumcwaningi omkhulu we-Peterson Institute for International Economics.
Uthe iNingizimu Korea, iJapan kanye ne-United States kufanele zibone ubuthakathaka kumanethiwekhi azo ochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla futhi zikhuthaze ukubambisana kukahulumeni wangasese okudingekayo ukusekela isakhiwo sezinhlangothi ezintathu esizokwakhiwa yila mazwe amathathu.
UYang wengeze ngokuthi ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, iWashington, iSeoul kanye neTokyo kufanele bashintshisane ngolwazi, bafune imithombo ehlukile ukuze bahlukane bayeke ukuncika ezweni elilodwa, futhi basheshise ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha obuhlukile.
Uthe amazwe asele ayi-11 e-IPEF kufanele enze okufanayo futhi abambisane ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-IPEF.
Uma uhlaka lokumelana nohlelo lokuhlinzeka ngempahla selukhona, uthe, "kubalulekile ukulusebenzisa."
UMnyango Wezwe wase-US ngoLwesithathu umemezele ukudalwa kwe-Critical Energy Security and Transformational Minerals Investment Network, ubudlelwano obusha bomphakathi nezizimele ne-Critical Minerals Strategy Center yeHhovisi Lezezimali ukuze kukhuthazwe ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinkambisweni zokuhlinzekwa kwezimbiwa ezibalulekile.
I-SAFE yinhlangano engachemile ekhuthaza izixazululo zamandla eziphephile, ezisimeme nezisimeme.
NgoLwesithathu, uhulumeni kaBiden uphinde wabiza ukuthi kube nomjikelezo wesikhombisa wezingxoxo ze-IPEF eSan Francisco kusukela mhla zi-5 kuya ku-12 kuNovemba ngaphambi kwengqungquthela ye-Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ngoNovemba 14, ngokusho kweHhovisi loMmeleli Wezohwebo wase-US.
“Ingxenye yochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla ohlelweni lwezomnotho lwase-Indo-Pacific isiphelele kakhulu futhi imigomo yayo kufanele iqondwe kabanzi ngemva kwengqungquthela ye-APEC eSan Francisco,” kusho u-Ikenson we-Asia Society eCamp David.
U-Ikenson wengeze wathi: “I-China izokwenza konke okusemandleni ayo ukunciphisa izindleko zokulawulwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe yi-United States kanye nabalingani bayo. Kodwa i-Beijing iyazi ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iWashington, iSeoul, iTokyo kanye neBrussels zizotshala imali kabili ekukhiqizeni nasekucwengisiseni komhlaba wonke. Uma usebenzisa ingcindezi enkulu kakhulu, kuzobhubhisa ibhizinisi labo.”
UGene Berdichevsky, umsunguli kanye ne-CEO ye-Sila Nanotechnologies ese-Alameda, eCalifornia, uthe imikhawulo yaseShayina ekuthunyelweni kwe-graphite ingasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-silicon ukuze kuthathe indawo ye-graphite njengesithako esibalulekile ekwenzeni ama-anode ebhethri. EMoses Lake, eWashington.
"Isenzo seShayina sigcizelela ubuthakathaka be-supply chain yamanje kanye nesidingo sezinye izindlela," kusho uBerdichevsky etshela intatheli yaseKorea ye-VOA.
UBerdichevsky wengeze ngokuthi abenzi bezimoto bashintsha ngokushesha baye ku-silicon ezindleleni zabo zokuhlinzeka ngamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu kwama-anode e-silicon. Ama-anode e-silicon ashaja ngokushesha.
UStangarone we-Korea Economic Research Institute uthe: “I-China idinga ukugcina ukuzethemba emakethe ukuze ivimbele izinkampani ekufuneni ezinye izimpahla. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izokhuthaza abahlinzeki baseShayina ukuba bahambe ngokushesha.”
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-28-2024