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Nanoscale Graphite Films (NGFS) idzo dzinoshandisa nanomastials iyo inogona kugadzirwa nemakemikari eChinoriya muto wekutamisa uye kuti sei mwaka wenyaya inokanganisa kushandisa kwavo mumidziyo inotevera. Pano tinoti kukura kweNGF pamativi ese ePolycrystalline nickel foil (Arege 50 CM2, gobvu Nekuda kweiyo morphology yeiyo catalyst foil, mafirimu maviri emakaroni akasiyana mune yavo yemuviri zvivakwa uye humwe hunhu (hwakadai seyakaomarara). Isu tinoratidza kuti maNGFS neRougher kumashure kwakakodzera chiteshi kana electrode yeiyo sole sero (sezvo ichinanzva 62% yechiedza chinooneka). Zvakawanda, kukura kwakatsanangurwa uye maitiro ekutakura zvinogona kubatsira kuziva ngano yeCarbon zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi maGriphene uye mafirimu emicron-grate mafirita haana kukodzera.
Graphi graphi inonyanya kushandiswa maindasitiri zvinyorwa. Nabasi, graphite ine zvivakwa zvekuwedzera kwakadzika misa uye yakakwira mu-ndege inopisa uye yemagetsi inonhuwirira, uye yakagadzikana mumamiriro ekunze uye makemikari enzvimbo1,2. Flake graphite inonyanya kuzivikanwa kutanga zvinyorwa zveGriphene Research3. Paunenge uchigadziriswa mufirimu mutete, zvinogona kushandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa, kusanganisira kupisa zvinonyura zvemidziyo yemagetsi senge smart 12 uye mafirimu eLithography mune Yakanyanya Ultraviolet13,14, achiitisa nzira mumasero eSolar 15,16. Kune ese aya maapplication aya, ingave iri mukana wakakura kana nzvimbo dzakakura dzeMafirimu mafirita (NGFS) nekareti dzakatorwa muNanoscale <100 nm inogona kugadzirwa nyore uye kutakurwa.
Mafiripiti mafirita anogadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Mune imwe nyaya, kumisikidza uye kuwedzera uye kuwedzera kuteverwa nekuwedzera kwaishandiswa kuburitsa graphene flakeki10,17. Mafuta anofanirwa kugadzirwa mumafirimu ezvibodzwa zvinodikanwa, uye zvinowanzotora mazuva akati wandei kugadzira dense grapite mashitsi. Imwe nzira ndeye kutanga nekufemerwa kwakasimba kwakasimba. Mune indasitiri, mashizha ePolymers akabatanidzwa (pa000-1500 ° C) uye akabva arairwa (na 2800-3200 ° C) kuti aumbe zvinhu zvakarongedzwa zvakanaka. Kunyangwe hunhu hwemafirimu aya hwakakwira, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakakosha1,18,19 uye kusviba kushoma kunogumira kune mashoma maikorofoni1,18,20.
CATALITS CEMIAL APOPOTION (CVD) ndiyo nzira inozivikanwa yekugadzira Griphene Filmen films (<10 nm) ine yakakwirira mamiriro emhando uye nemitengo inonzwisisika Zvisinei, kana uchienzaniswa nekukura kweGriphene uye Ultrathin Firthifiti Films
CVD-yakakura Griphene uye mafirita mafirita anowanzoda kuendeswa kune anoshanda Subastrates34. Aya maFirimu akatetepa anosanganisira nzira mbiri huru35: (1) non-etched a36,37 uye (2) etch-based textimasmication kuendesa (substrate yakatsigirwa) 14 ,3,38,38. Imwe neimwe nzira ine zvimwe zvakanakira uye zvakashata uye zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa zvichienderana nechinangwa chekushandisa, sezvakatsanangurwa kune kumwewo35,39. ZveGriphene / Mafiripiti mafirita akakura pamusoro pechiitiko, kuendesa kuburikidza nemakemikari emakemikari (idzo polmethyl Iwe et al. Izvo zvakataurwa kuti hapana polymer yaishandiswa kuChithura cheNGF MaCemistry maitiro ekushandisa polymers ane matanho akati wandei, kusanganisira kushandiswa uye anotevera kubviswa kwechibairo polymer lose30,40,41,42. Maitiro aya ane zvakashata: Semuenzaniso, polymer zvakasara inogona kuchinja zvivakwa zvefirimu akura38. Kuwedzera Kugadziriswa kunogona kubvisa zvakasara polymer, asi aya matanho ekuwedzera anowedzera mutengo uye nguva yekugadzira firimu 38,40. Munguva yekukura kweCVD, denderedzwa reGriphene yakaiswa kwete chete parutivi rwemberi rwechikara foil (iro rutivi rakatarisana nekuyerera kwemba), asiwo parutivi rwaro rwekumashure. Nekudaro, iyo yekupedzisira inoonekwa seyakagadzirwa chigadzirwa uye inogona kukurumidza kubviswa neakapfava plasma38,41. Kudzokorora iyi firimu kunogona kubatsira kuwedzera goho, kunyangwe kana iri yemhando yepasi pane yakatarisana necarbon firimu.
Pano, isu tinoshuma kugadzirira kweWafer-Scule yekukura kweNGF ine yakakwira mhando pane polycrystalline nickel foil neCVD. Yaongororwa kuti kuomarara kwemberi uye kumashure kweiyo foil inokanganisa morphology uye chimiro cheNGF. Isu tinoratidzawo mutengo-zvinobudirira uye zvakatipoteredza polymer-yemahara kuendesa kubva kumativi ese eNickunction
Zvikamu zvinotevera zvinokurukura zvakasiyana-siyana graphite film tikes Iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo yakajairika kukakavara inotaurwa sepesenti yenzvimbo (inenge 97% nharaunda pa100 μM2) 30. Ndosaka iyo firimu rese richinge rangodaidzwa kunzi ngf.
Polycrystalline Nickel foils inoshandiswa kune synthesis yeGriphe uye mafirimu mafirita ane manyorero akasiyana nekuda kwekugadzira kwavo uye nenzira yakatevera. Tichangobva kutaurira chidzidzo kuti tiruramise kukura kweNGF30. Isu tinoratidza maitiro aya seguva uye nguva yekudzvanywa panguva yekukura nhanho ichitamba basa rakaoma mukuwana zasi renyama. Pano, isu takawedzera kuongorora kukura kweNGF pane yakapetwa kumberi (FS) uye isina kudzoserwa kumashure (BS) nzvimbo yeiyo nickel foil (Fig. 1a). Mhando nhatu dze samples FS uye BS dzakaongororwa, dzakanyorwa muTafura 1 microscopic zviyero zvakasimbiswa (Fig. 1b, c). Chikwangwani cheFS-ngf chakaonekwa munzvimbo yakajeka uye yakaratidzwa nemiseve yebhuruu uye yerudzi rwebhuruu mumifananidzo 1b inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1C. Hunhu hwairamo huni hwemagiramu egirazi re graphite g (1683 cm-1) uye 2d (2696 cm-1) simbisa kukura kweiyo crystalline ngf (fig. 1c, tafura si1). Mufirimu rese, predominance yeRaman Spectra neIntensity Ratio (I2D / Ig) ~ 0.3 yakaonekwa, nepo Raman Spectra neI2D / ig = 0.8 hazvina kumboonekwa. Iko kusavapo kwemapepa akaremara (d = 1350 cm-1) mufirimu rese inoratidza iyo yakakwira mhando yeNGF kukura kweNGF. Zvakafanana Raman mhinduro dzakawanikwa paBS-NGF sampuli (Mufananidzo Si1 A uye B, Tafura Si1).
Kuenzanisa kwe niag fs- uye bs-ngf: (a) pikicha yeiyo NGF yekukura, Magnication akasiyana paFS-ngf / ni, (e, g) emifananidzo emifananidzo akasiyana magiramu anoisa Bs -ngf / ni. Museve webhuruu unoratidza nzvimbo yeiyo FLG inoratidza iyo MLG Dunhu (pedyo neFlg Dunhu), museve mutsvuku anoratidza dunhu reNGF, uye iyo magentA museve inoratidza fold.
Sezvo kukura kunoenderana nekukora kweiyo yekutanga substrate, saizi yekristaro, kutaridzika, uye miganhu yezviyo, kuwana kutonga kwakanaka kweNGF ukobvu pamusoro penzvimbo dzakakura dzinoramba dziri pamusoro pe20,34,44. Ichi chidzidzo chinoshandiswa zvatakaburitswa30. Maitiro aya anogadzira dunhu rakajeka re 0.1 kusvika 3% pa100 μM230. Muzvikamu zvinotevera, isu tiripo zvaizoitika kune ese marudzi ematunhu. Mifananidzo yakakwirira yemamiti yemasemi inoratidza kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzinopesana dzinopesana pamativi ese maviri (Fig. Izvi zvakasimbiswawo naRaman kupararira (Fig. 1c) uye tem mhedzisiro (yakakurukurwa gare gare muchikamu "fs-ngf: chimiro uye zvivakwa"). Nzvimbo dzeLLG uye dzeMLG dzinocherechedzwa paFS- uye BS-NGF / NI SAMPLES (FROND NGF. Kupeta kwakaonekwa pamativi ese (Fig. 1b, yakaiswa nemiseve yepepuru). Aya madonhwe anowanzo kuwanikwa muCVD-Grapy Graphene uye mafirimu emifananidzo nekuda kwemusiyano hombe mukuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera pakati pegirazi uye nickel subtrate30,38.
Mufananidzo weAFM wakasimbisa kuti iyo FS-NGF sampuli yaive kumeso kupfuura BS-NGF sampuli (Mufananidzo Si1) (Mufananidzo Si2). Iyo midzi inoreva square (rms) roughness tsika dzeFS-ngf / ni (fig. Si2d) ndeye 82 uye zvichiratidzirwa (kuyedzwa pamusoro penzvimbo ye20 × 20 μ 20 μM2). Iyo yakakwira humbozha inogona kunzwisiswa kubva pane iyo nzvimbo yekuongorora kweiyo nickel (niar) foil mune yakagamuchirwa nyika (mufananidzo si3). Sem mifananidzo yeFS uye BS-niar inoratidzwa muhuwandu si3a-d, inoratidzirwa fs-ni foil ine- size-siised yeBS-is nig foil inoratidzira manera ekugadzira. sezvimedu zvine simba rakakwirira. uye kuderera. Yakaderera uye yakakwira resolution mifananidzo yeAnxaled nickel foil (nia) inoratidzwa mumufananidzo si3e-h. Mune zvimiro izvi, tinogona kuona kuvapo kweiyo akati wandei micron-sized nickel zvikamu pamativi ese eiyo nickel foil (fig. Si3e-h). Zviyo zvakakura zvinogona kunge ni (111) pamusoro pehukama, sezvambotaurwa30,46. Kune mutsauko wakakosha muNickel foil morphology pakati pe fs-nia naBs-nia. Iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro yeBS-ngf / ni inokonzerwa neyakagadziriswa nzvimbo yeBS-niar, iyo nzvimbo iyo inoramba yakanyanya kujairika kunyangwe mushure mekunze (Mufananidzo Si3). Rudzi urwu rwemunhu wemasangano nguva yekukura isati ichiita kuti utsinye hweGriphene uye mafiripiti mafirita ekudzorwa. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyo yekutanga substrate yakadzoreredza zviyo pakukura kweGriphene panguva yekukura kweGrophene, iyo yakawedzera kuwanda kweiyo substrate zvichienzaniswa neyakagadziriswa foil uye catalyst fild22.
Kutsiva-kwechokwadi-substrate mamiriro ekunyudza, saizi yeGrain Kudzora pamusoro pekunhuhwirira kweiyo substrate, nzira dzakadai seyemagetsi kuputika kweiyo yakakonzerwa nickel foil inogona kutariswa48. Iko kunyepedzera nickel foil kunogona kuwedzerwa pangozinga tembiricha (<900 ° C) 46 uye nguva (<5 min) kuti udzivise kugadzirwa kweiyo high (iyo inobatsira kurira kweFLG).
Slg uye Flg Grapheye haikwanisi kutsungirira kukanganisika kweAcids uye mvura, inoda madhiri ekutsigirwa maratidziro emakemikari emakemikari emakemikari ekutenderera22 ,3,34,38,38 Mukupesana nemakemikari emakemikari kuendeswa kwePolymer Chinjana cheNGF kune yakapihwa substrate inotanga nekunyorova kwekutora kweiyo ni30.49 firimu. Iyo gadziriro ngf / ni / ngf samples yakaiswa husiku mune 15 ml ye 70% Hno3 yakaiswa ne600 ml ye 600 ml ye deionized (di) mvura. Mushure mekunge iyo ni foil yakanyungudutswa, fs-ngf iri pamusoro peiyo mvura, kunge iyo ngf / nigf sampuli, nepo bs-ngf yakanyudzwa mumvura (Fig. 2a, b). Iro irori iri roga rakazotamiswa kubva kune imwe beaker ine mvura nyowani yekune imwe beaker uye iyo yega nghyo yakashambidzwa kwazvo, dzokorora kanenge kanhi katanhatu kuburikidza nekoniniki girazi ndiro. Pakupedzisira, FS-NGF uye BS-NGF yakaiswa pane yaunoda Substrate (Fig. 2C).
Polymer-yemahara emakemikari ekutamisa kweNickel paNickel foil: (a) Sampuli Sio2 / Si Sixtrate Muenzaniso mumwechetewo sePanel D (wakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri), kuendeswa kune goridhe rakanyoreswa c pepa uye nonion (inochinja-chinjana substrate, edges yakaiswa nemakona matsvuku).
Cherekedza kuti slg kuendesa ichishandisa nzira yemakemikari yekuchinjisa inoda nguva yakazara yekugadzirisa kwe20-24 maawa 38. Nezve polymer-yemahara yekufambisa nzira inoratidzwa pano (mufananidzo si4a), iyo yakazara ngf kuendesa nguva yekugadzirisa nguva yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya (anenge maawa gumi nemashanu). Maitiro ekuti anacho Chengetedza muDhionized Mvura kana kuendesa kune Target Substrate (20 min). Mvura yakabatirirwa pakati peNGF uye Bulk Matrix inobviswa neCapillary chiito (uchishandisa bepa rekudzima) 38, ipapo madonhwe emvura akasara anobviswa neyakaomeswa nekuomarara (anenge 30 min), uye pakupedzisira sampu yakaomeswa kwemaminitsi gumi. Min mune vacuum oven (10-1 Mbar) pa50-90 ° C (60 min) 38.
Grafu Isu takaedza samples vachishandisa raman spectroscopy, sem, uye xrd mushure mekuchengetera mumvura yakadzika pamhepo tembiricha uye mumabhodhoro ekucherechedzwa kubva kumazuva mashoma (mufananidzo si4). Iko hakuna kusvibiswa kunooneka. Mufananidzo 2C inoratidza yemahara-yakamira fs-ngf uye bs-ngf mumvura inodhonzwa. Takavabata pane Sio2 (300 nm) / si Substrate, sezvakaratidzwa pakutanga kweiyo 2C. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 2d, e, kuenderera kweNGF kunogona kuendeswa kune dzakasiyana-siyana senge polymers Iyo inoyerera fs-ngf yakaiswa nyore nyore pane iyo substrate (fig. 2c, d). Nekudaro, BS-NGF samples yakakura kupfuura 3 cm2 yaive yakaoma kubata kana yakanyudzwa zvakakwana mumvura. Kazhinji, pavanotanga kutenderedza mumvura, nekuda kwekubata zvisina hanya ivo dzimwe nguva vanotyora kuita zvikamu zviviri kana zvitatu (2e). Zvekare, isu takakwanisa kuwana polymer-yemahara kuendesa kwePS- uye BS-NGF Chero zvasara zvakakura kana zvidiki zvidiki zvinogona kuoneka mumhinduro yekugadzirisa 98-99% (mushure mekukura kwekutamisa).
Chinjana samples pasina polymer yakaongororwa zvakadzama. Survents morphological hunhu hwakawanikwa pane FS- uye BS-NGF / SIO2 / SI (FIF) uye SIF. SIF. SIF. Kukuvadza kunooneka kwekukuvara kwakadai semazaya, maburi, kana nzvimbo dzisina kuwirirana. Mapundu pakukura ngf (fig. 3b, d, yakanyorwa nemiseve yepepuru) yakaramba yakasimba mushure mekutamisa. Ose maviri FS- uye BS-NGFS inoumbwa nenzvimbo dzeFlg (matunhu akajeka akaratidzwa nemiseve yebhuruu mumufananidzo 3). Zvinoshamisa kuti kusiyana nematunhu mashoma akakanganisika kazhinji kwaanoonekwa panguva yePolymer kuenderera mberi kweFrafiti Mafirimu. 3). . Chanks Kero yakasimbiswa ichishandisa tem uye semifananidzo ye ngf yakaendeswa kuLace-Carbon Copper Grids, sezvakakurukurwa gare gare ("FS-ngf: chimiro uye zvivakwa"). Iyo Yakatamiswa BS-NGF / SIO2 / SI iri Rougher kupfuura FS-NGF / SI ine RMS HUVE 140 NM uye 17 NM uye inoratidzwa, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo SI6A uye B (20 Iyo RMS Kukosha kweNGF kuchinjiswa kuSiO2 / SI SUTTRE (RMS <2 nm) yakaderera (kanenge katatu), zvichiratidza kuti kuwedzera kuwanda kunogona kuenderana neiyo ni Mukuwedzera, AFM mifananidzo inoitwa pamipendero yeFS- uye BS-NGF / Sampu2 / SI SAMPLES yakaratidza ngfhori yezana zana nemakumi masere nenomwe (zvakateerana (si7). Iyo madiki madiki eBS-ngf inogona kuve mhedzisiro yemukati isiri kuoneswa zvakanyatsoratidzwa kune iyo precursor gasi.
Chinjana ngf (niag) isina polymer pane Sio2 / si Wafer (ona Mufananidzo 2C): (A, B) Mifananidzo yeFS-Ngf Zvakajairika nzvimbo) - A). . (e, f) AFM mifananidzo yekuchinjirwa FS- uye BS-NGFS. Museve webhuruu unomiririra iyo FLG Dunhu - Kupesana, Cyan Arrow - dema MLG Kusiyana, mutsvuku MLG - mutsauko - mutsauko unomiririra iyo NGF Dunhu, Magenta Arrow anomiririra iyo fold.
Kuumbwa kwemakemikari kweakakura uye kuchinjirwa FS- uye BS-NGFS yakaongororwa neX-Ray PhotelEfroni Spectroscopy (XPS) (FIC. 4). Peak isina kusimba yakaonekwa mune yakayerwa spectra (Fig. Iko hakuna mapeki mune yakayerwa spectred yeFS- uye BS-NGF / SiO2 / SI (NGF / SIO2 Mifananidzo 4D-Fratidza iyo yepamusoro-resolution spectra yeiyo C 1 s, o 1 s uye si 2P Energy levels ye fs-ngf / sio2 / si. Simba rekusunga re c 1 s ye graphi is 284.4 Ev53.54. Iyo linear chimiro chemapepa egiramuti anowanzoonekwa seasymmetrical, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 4D54. Iyo yakakwira-resolution core-level c 1 s spectrum (fig. 4d) yakasimbiswa zvakachena (kureva, hapana polymer inosara), iyo inoenderana neyakamboitika neyekare zvinhu38. Mutsetse weiyo C 1 S Spectra yeiyo nyowani yakakura sampuli (niag) uye mushure mekutamisa ndeye 0.52 EV, zvichiteerana. Iyi tsika yakakwira kupfuura iyo yeSLG (0.49 ev ye slg pane sio2 substrate) 38. Nekudaro, aya madiki mashoma pane akambotaurwa mutsara wemberi kweanotungamirwa pyrolytic pyrolytic egrapu sampuli (~ Iyo c 1 s uye o 1 s ivhu rekupedza zvakare kushaya mafudzi, kubvisa kudiwa kwePamusoro-sarudza peak deconvolution54. Iko kune Iyo 103 EV uye 532.5 EV Signals muiyo SI 2P uye O 1 S Core Level Spectra (ona Fig. 4e, f) anozivikanwa neSio2 56 Substrate, zvichiteerana, zvichiteerana. XPS ndeyechiratidzo-chinonhuwirira nzira, saka zviratidzo zvinoenderana neNI neSiO2 chakaonekwa zvisati zvaitika uye mushure mekutamiswa kweNGF, zvichiteerana, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinobva mudunhu reFLG. Mhedzisiro yakafanana yakacherechedzwa yekuendeswa kweBS-NGF samples (isina kuratidzwa).
NIAG XPS Mhedzisiro: ( .
Hunhu hwakawanda hwekutamiswa kweNGF makristasi akaongororwa uchishandisa X-ray difgration (XD). Chaizvoizvo XD. Si8) yekuendeswa FS- uye BS-NGF / SiO2 / Si SiO2 / SiO Instagram 0 0 0 0 0) na5.6 ° na59 °, Zvakafanana neGrathifite. . Izvi zvinosimbisa iyo yakakwira crystalline mhando ye ngf uye inoenderana neyakawirirana kureba kweD = 0.335 nm, iyo inochengetwa mushure mekutamisa nhanho. Kuwedzera kweiyo difraction peak
Maererano nemhedzisiro yeSem, Raman Spectroscopy, XPS uye XPS yeBS-NGF / NIF / NGP / Si5, Si5) uye Si7)
SLGS ine Polymer reti reserers inosvika mazana maviri emakumi mairi Iyi setup inowanzoshandiswa muPolymer-yakabatsirwa yakanyorovesa makemikari kuendesa maitiro22,38. Grapheye uye graphite ndeye hydrophobic (weti angle 80-90 °) 57. Nzvimbo dzinogona kuitika dzeGripheni dzeGripheni uye dzakanyorwa kuti dzive dzakanyarara, neyakaderera simba (~ 1 kj / mol) yekufamba yakazotevera yemvura iri pamusoro58. Nekudaro, iyo yakaverengerwa masimba emvura neGriphene uye matatu ematehwe eGriphene anenge - 13 na15 KJ / zvichiratidza kuti kuwirirana kwemvura neNGF (anenge mazana matatu emahara) akaderera achienzaniswa neGriphene. Izvi zvinogona kuve chimwe chezvikonzero nei kusunungura ngf kunoramba kuri pamusoro pemvura, nepo freestanding graphene (iyo inoyerera mumvura) inodzikira uye inoputsa. What ngf yakanyudzwa zvakakwana mumvura (mhedzisiro yakafanana neyakaomeswa uye flat ngf), iyo edges yakakwira (mufananidzo si4). Panyaya yekunyudzwa kwakazara, inotarisirwa kuti iyo NGF-mvura yekudyidzana simba inosangana kaviri (zvichienzaniswa neiyo ngf) uye kuti mipendero yeNGF yeNGF yekuchengetedza kona yakakwira (hydrophobicity). Isu tinotenda kuti nzira dzinogona kuvandudzwa kuti dzidzivise kudzvanywa kwemupendero wemapepa ezvinyorwa. Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa yakasanganiswa sol sol solates yekunyorovesa maitiro eiyo filmite film59.
Iko kuendesa kweSLG kune dzakasiyana-siyana mhando dzeSimberrates kuburikidza neTete Chemical Shandura maitiro akambotaurwa. Inowanzogamuchirwa kuti isina kusimba van der mauto aripo Pano tinofunga kuti kubatanidzwa kwemhando imwechete yekufungidzira. Hatina kucherechedza chero kukuvara kweNGF kune chero yeNGF kune chero yakapihwa pano panguva yekubata (panguva yemamiriro ezvinhu pasi pecuum uye / kana panguva yekuchengetedza) (eg, Mufananidzo 2, SI7 uye SI7 uye SI7 SI9). Mukuwedzera, isu hatina kucherechedza sic peak mune xps c 1 s spectrum yeiyo core mwero weNGF / SIO2 / SI SAMASE (FIT. 4). Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti hapana Chemical Bond pakati peNGF uye iyo Substrate.
Muchikamu chapfuura, "polymer-isina-kusununguka kuendesa FS- uye BS-ngf," isu takaratidza kuti ngf inogona kukura uye kuendesa kumativi ese eiyo nickel foil. Aya FS-NGFS uye BS-NGFS haina kufanana maererano nekumusoro kwehukama, iyo yakatikurudzira kuongorora zvakanyatsonaka zvikumbiro zvemhando imwe neimwe.
Kufunga nezve transcapency uye yakashama pamusoro peFS-ngf, taidzidza chimiro chayo chemuno, takasarudzika uye zvemagetsi zvimiro zvakadzama. Chimiro uye chimiro cheFS-ngf pasina polymer kuendesa nekutapurirwa Electroncopy (tem) nzvimbo yakasarudzwa emagetsi (saed) yekuongorora kwemifananidzo. Mhedzisiro inoenderana inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 5. Yakaderera Magnication Planmar Tema yakaratidza kuvapo kweNGF uye yakasviba emagetsi emagetsi mutsauko, ie yakasviba uye yakajeka nzvimbo, zvichiteerana (zvakateerana (5a). Iyo firimu yakazara inoratidzira kutendeka kwakanaka kwekutendeka uye kugadzikana pakati pematunhu akasiyana e ngf uye kusakara kana kusimbiswa, iyo yechipiri Kunyanya. Kuumbwa neInterplanar Sparting ye 0.33 ± 0.01 nm inoenderera mberi yakaderedzwa kusvika kune akati wandei egriphere mudunhu rakarukwa (mugumo weiyo yakasimba museve mumufananidzo 5 d).
Chirongwa Tem mufananidzo wePolymer-Free Niag Sampuli pane Carbon Lacy Cown Likes Miseve yakasvibira muzvakarukwa a uye c ratidza nzvimbo dzinotenderera dzekukuvara panguva yekukuvara kweBeam. .
Iyo Ribbon Chimiro MuMahara 5C Show (yakaiswa nemutungamiriri mutsvuku) ndege yegirazi reNanofolds nefirimu (inset mumufananidzo (inset mumifananidzo) nekuda kwekunyanyisa isina kugadziriswa Shear kushushikana30,61,62. Pasi peShipol-resolution tem, idzi nanofolds 30 ratidza rakasiyana cressallographic kutarisisa pane vamwe vese veNGF Dunhu; Iyo bhasil ndege dzegiramutsu dzakatungamirwa dzakatungamirwa dzinenge dzakatwasuka, pane kutaridzika senge iyo yakasara yefirimu (inset mumufananidzo 5C). Saizvozvo, dunhu re-flg dzimwe nguva rinoreva mutsara uye rakamanikana band-semipendero (yakaiswa nemiseve yebhuruu), iyo inoonekwa yakaderera uye yepakati kukura muhuwandu 5b, 5e, zvichiteerana. Iyo inset mumufananidzo 5e inosimbisa kuvapo kwemaviri- uye matatu-denderedzwa griphene marita muiri yekisimusi (interplanar kureba 0.31 Pamusoro peiyo, yakarekodwa semifananidzo yePolymer Iyo tsime rakamiswa FLG dunhu (rakanyorwa nemuseve webhuruu) uye dunhu rakatyoka mumufananidzo si9f. Iyo bhuruu museve (pamucheto wekutamiswa kweNGF) unoratidzwa nechinangwa kuratidza kuti dunhu reiyo Flg rinogona kuramba maitiro ekutamisa pasina polymer. Mukupfupikisa, iyi mifananidzo inosimbisa iyo lipdialled ngf (inosanganisira dunhu reflg) rinochengeta kutendeka kwemuchina kunyangwe kuratidzwa kwekutarisa uye kuwanda kwe tem uye zviyero zvechidimbu (mufananidzo si9).
Nekuda kwekukakavara kwakanaka kweNGF (ona Mufananidzo 5a), hazvina kuoma kuEkiseni mafaera. Zvichienderana nekukora kwenzvimbo yefirimu nenzvimbo yayo, matunhu akati wandei ekufarira (mapoinzi gumi nemaviri) akaonekwa kuti emagetsi emagetsi edzidziso. Muchifungu 5a-c, ina yematunhu aya akajairwa anoratidzwa uye akaiswa nemuchina denderedzwa (bhuruu, cyan, orenji, uye matsvuku. Mifananidzo 2 uye 3 yeSAD mode. Mifananidzo 5f uye g yakawanikwa kubva kunzvimbo yeflg inoratidzwa muhuwandu hwe5 uye 5. Sezvinoratidzwa muhuwandu 5b uye c, zvichiteerana. Ivo vane chimiro chehexagonil chakafanana neyakaomeswa griphene63. Kunyanya, nhamba 5F inoratidza matatu mapatani akatarisa neyekutanga kwe [0001] Zone axis Saizvozvo, mufananidzo 5G zvinoratidza maviri akapatsanurwa masheya maitiro akatenderera ne 20 °. Mapoka maviri kana matatu ematanho ehexagonal munzvimbo yeFlg inogona kumuka kubva kune vatatu mu-in-ndege-ye-ye-ndege grapheres laders Mukupesana, maEkiria akasiyana maitiro mumufananidzo Aya madhayeti emadhayeti anoenderana neyakajairwa graphific chimiro uye pakati pekutarisa pane slg, sekupfurwa kubva kune index yeNGF yakazivisa kuwanda kwemaviri kana matatu Superimposed (kana Graphene) Crystallites. Izvo zvinonyanya kukosha munharaunda yeFlg ndeyekuti makristero ane imwe nhanho ye-mwero we-ndere kana-ye-ye-ye-ye-ye-ye-ndege misoro misdenga misoro. Grafu Iyo yekutenderera akasa kona yakacherechedzwa mune ino chidzidzo inoenderana neyakambocherechedzwa kutenderedza makona (± 1 °) yeiyo yakamiswa blg63 Grapher.
Iyo yemagetsi zvivakwa zve ngf / sio2 / si yakayerwa pa300 k pamusoro penzvimbo yegumi ± 3 mm2. Maitiro eElectron Carrier Concentration, Kufamba uye kufambidzana ndeye 1.6 × 1020 CM-3, 220 CM2 V-1 C-1 uye 20,000 S-Cm-1, zvichiteerana. Kufamba uye kuitisa kukosha kweNGF yedu yakafanana neyakajairika graphite2 uye yakakwirira kupfuura yekutengesa inowanikwa zvakanyanya pyrolytic graphite (yakagadzirwa pa3000 ° C) 29. Iyo yakacherechedzwa Electron Carrier tsika miviri yehukuru kupfuura ayo achangobva kutaurwa (32
Isu takakuitirawo UV-inooneka transmittance zviyero paFS-ngf yakaendeswa kune Quartz Substrates (Mufananidzo 6). Iyo inokonzeresa spectrum inoratidza kuenderera mberi kwekutenderera kwe62% muhuwandu Muchokwadi, zita rekuti "KAUST" rinogona kuoneka mumufananidzo wedhijitari wemuenzaniso mumufananidzo 6b. Kunyangwe iyo nanocrystalline chimiro che ngf zvakasiyana neiyo yeSLG, huwandu hwezvigadziko dzinogona kufungidzirwa uchishandisa mutemo we2,3% kutapurirana pane imwe layer 65. Zvinoenderana nehukama uhwu, huwandu hweGriphene Layers ne 38% Kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana kuri kuita mazana matatu emugumo Naizvozvo, isu tinofungidzira kuti iyo yakaonekwa turnency inoenderana nematunhu e-flg uye yeMLG, sezvo yakagoverwa mufirimu rose (maonde. 1, 3, 5 uye 6c). Kuwedzera kune iyo yepamusoro yedhata data, kubatana uye pachena zvakare inosimbisa iyo yakakwira crystalline mhando yeiyo yakatamisirwa ngf
. (c) Schematic yeNGF (Rima Bhokisi) Nezvekunyanyisa kugovera SLG uye MLG matunhu egrey gadziriso mumuenzaniso (ona nhamba 1) (approx. 0.1-3% nzvimbo pa 100 μM2). Mhando dzisina kujairika uye saizi yavo mudhirowa ndedzekuenzanisira zvinangwa chete uye usanyorerwe kunzvimbo dzechokwadi.
Translucent NGF Grewn neCVD yakambotenderwa kuCVD yakachinjirwa nzvimbo isina kusarudzika uye inoshandiswa mumasero eSolar 15,16. Iyo inokonzeresa kushandurwa kwesarudzo yekubudirira (PCE) ndeye 1.5%. Aya maNGFS vanoita mabasa mazhinji akadai seyinoshanda manyoressage, kubhadharisa nzira dzekufambisa, uye dzakajeka electrodes 15,16. Nekudaro, iyo firimu giredhi haisi yunifomu. Kuwedzera Optimization kunokosha nekudzora kwehoroji kurwisa uye kuputika kweiyo girazi reElectrode, sezvo izvi zviviri zvivakwa zvinotamba basa rakakosha mukusarudza kukosha kweSolar15,16. Kazhinji, mafirita mafirita ari 97.7% pachena kune mwenje unoonekwa, asi uve neepa kuramba kwe200-3000 ohms / sq.16. Iyo yekumusoro kudzikisira kwemafirimu anokwanisa kuderedzwa nekuwedzera huwandu hwezviyero (akawanda kuendeswa kweGriphene Layers) uye kugadzirisa neHno3 (~ 30 ohm / sq.) 66. Nekudaro, maitiro aya anotora nguva yakareba uye akasiyana ekutamisa matanda haafanire kugara akanaka. Yedu yekumberi ngf ine zvivakwa zvakadai sekudanana zviuru zviviri uye 62% transpency, ichigadzira imwe nzira inoshandisika kune nzira dzekufambisa kana kupikisa ma electrodes mumasero emoyo munyoro 15,16.
Kunyangwe chimiro uye pamusoro chemakomduke emakemikari eBS-ngf akafanana neFS-ngf, kuomarara kwayo kwakasiyana ("kukura kweFS- uye BS-ngf"). Pakutanga, isu taishandisa ultra-mutete firimu firimu22 segasi sensor. Naizvozvo, takaedza kutadza kwekushandisa BS-NGF yegesi yekunyepedzera mabasa (Mufananidzo Si10). Chekutanga, mm2-sized zvikamu zveBS-ngf yakaendeswa kune iyo yekubatanidza Electrode Sensor Chip (Mufananidzo Si10A-C). Kugadzira zvinhu zveChip zvakambotaurwa; Yayo inoshanda nzvimbo inzvimbo ndeye 9 mm267. Mumifananidzo emifananidzo (mufananidzo si10b uye c), iyo yepasi pegoridhe yemagetsi yakaonekwa pachena kuburikidza neNGF. Zvekare, zvinogona kuoneka kuti yunifomu chip yekuvhara yakawanikwa kune ese samples. Gasi sensor sensor zviyero zvemagasi akasiyana-siyana zvakanyorwa (Fig. Si10d) (Fig. Si11) uye iyo mhinduro yekupindura inoratidzwa mumaonde. Si10G. Sezvingabvira nemamwe magasi ekuvhiringidza kusanganisira So2 (200 ppm), H2 (2%), CH4 (200 PPM), CO2 (2%), H2S (200 ppm) uye NH3 (200 (200). Imwe inogona kuitika chikonzero ndeye2. electrophic chimiro chegesi22,68. Kana ikadhindwa pamusoro peGriphene, inoderedza iyo yazvino yekunyora kwealekoni nehurongwa. Kuenzanisa kweiyo mhinduro nguva data yeiyo BS-NGF sensor neakamboburitswa Sensors inoiswa muTafura Si2. Mashandiro emuchina wekusimbisa NGF sensors achishandisa UV Plasma, o3 plasma kana inopisa (50-150 ° C) kurapwa kwakateverwa nekuita kwesangano rezvinyorwa zveSystems69.
Munguva yeCVD, kukura kweGriphene kunoitika pamativi ese eiyo catalyst substrate41. Nekudaro, BS-Graphene inowanzo bvunzwa panguva yekufambisa-nhanho41. Muchidzidzo ichi, isu tinoratidza kuti kukura kweNGF yakakwirira uye polymer-yemahara ngf kutamiswa kunogona kuwanikwa pamativi ese ezvekutsigirwa kwechikepe. BS-NGF yakatetepa (~ 80 NM) kupfuura FS-NGF (~ 100 NM), uye uyu mutsauko unotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti Bs-NI haina kunyatsoratidzwa musi wekutanga kuyerera kwegesi. Takaona zvakare kuti kuomarara kweiyo niar substrate inokonzera kusawirirana kweNGF. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti iyo yakakura plank fs-ngf inogona kushandiswa seyakajeka zvinhu zveGriphene (neInterfoliation nzira70) kana seyenzira yekufambisa mumasero eSolar 15,16. Mukupesana, BS-NGF ichashandiswa kune gasi kuwanikwa (Fig. Si9) uye pamwe nekuda kwesimba rekuchengetedza masisitimu71,72 uko kwayo nzvimbo yekunyanyisa ichabatsira.
Kufunga nezvezviri pamusoro apa, zvinobatsira kusanganisa basa razvino nemari yakamboburitswa mafirimu akakura neCVD uye uchishandisa Nickel foil. Sezvatinogona kuoneka muTafura 2, dzvinyiriro yepamusoro dzatakashandisa dzakapfupisa nguva yekuita Isu takawanawo kukura kukuru pane zvakajairwa, zvichiratidza zvinogona kuwedzera. Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo, zvimwe zvatakabatanidza patafura.
Kaviri-siden yakakwira-mhando yeNGF yakakurirwa pane nickel foil ne catalytic cvd. Nekubvisa Tsika dzechinyakare dzenhengo (dzakadai seiya dzinoshandiswa muCVD Graphene) Nabasi, ngf inosanganisira matunhu e-mlg uye yeMLG (kazhinji 0,1% kusvika 3% pa30 μM2) iyo yakarongedzwa zvakanyatsobatanidzwa mufirimu rehana. Planar Tem inoratidza kuti matunhu aya anoumbwa nematehwe ezvikamu zviviri kusvika matatu emagetsi / graphene zvikamu (makristasi kana zvakateerana), mamwe emagetsi anotenderera e10-20 °. Iyo FLG uye MLG matunhu ane mutoro wekujekesa kweFS-ngf kune inoonekwa mwenje. Kana dziri mashitsi akasarudzika, anogona kutakurwa kuenderana nemidziyo yekumberi uye, sezvakaratidzwa, inogona kuve nechinangwa chinoshanda (semuenzaniso, nekuda kwegesi kuwanikwa kwegesi). Izvi zvidzidzo zvinobatsira kwazvo pakuderedza marara uye mutengo mumaindasitiri eCVD maitiro.
Muzhinji, iyo avhareji kurongedza kweCVD ngf iri pakati (yakaderera- uye akawanda-layer (micrometer (micrometer) grapeter mashitsi. Rudzi rwezvivakwa zvavo zvinonakidza, zvakasanganiswa nenzira yakapfava dzatakagadzira yekugadzira kwavo uye inoita kuti mafirimu aya akakodzera kuti agadzirise mhinduro yegirazi, pasina mari yekugadzira maindasitiri ekugadzira mari parizvino.
A 25-μM-gobvu nickel foil (99.5% yekuchena, zvakanaka) yakaiswa mune yekutengesa cvd CVD Iyo sisitimu yakanatswa neArgon uye yakatemerwa kudzvanywa kweiyo 10-3 Mbar. Ipapo nickel foil yakaiswa. muAr / H2 (mushure mekupedza-innaling the ni foil ye5 min kumwe kunhu30.
Iyo yemukati morphology yemuenzaniso yakaonekwa ne semam uchishandisa zidhi microscope (1 kv, 50 pa). Iyo sampula yekukanda roughness uye ngf ukobvu yakayerwa uchishandisa AFM (dhayeti icon spm, bruker). Tem uye zviyero zveSAED zvakaitwa uchishandisa FEI Titan Titan 80-300 Cubskope Yakatemerwa Pfuti Pfuti Yemweya uye yeCEOS Sphetail Spatial resolution 0.09 nm. NGF samples yakaendeswa kuCarbon Lacy yakachinjika marara egrids yetema fananidzo uye saye yakatarwa kuongorora. Nekudaro, mazhinji emigwagwa yemuenzaniso anomiswa mumapures ekutsigira membrane. Yakaendeswa samples ye ngf yakaongororwa ne xrd. X-Ray FifFraction Patterns yakawanikwa uchishandisa Powder Diffracometer
Zviyero zvakati wandei zvakati wandei zvakanyorwa zvichinyorwa uchishandisa Confocal Conroscope (alpha 300 Ra, Wittel). A 532 nm laser ine yakaderera simba simba (25%) yakashandiswa kudzivisa inokonzeresa zvinokonzeresa. X-Ray Phytelelron Spectroscopy (XPS) yakaitwa pane kratos axis ALM2 uchishandisa Monochromatic All NGF samples dzakatamisikidzwa kuSiO2 dzakachekwa kuita zvidimbu (3 × 10 mm2 imwe neimwe) uchishandisa Pls6MW (1,06 Magetsi ekutakura uye hamba maitiro ekuedza akaitwa pane aya samples pa 300 K uye magineti munda mutsimba wePreedment System (PPMS Levercool-II, Quantum Design, USA). Yakatumirwa UV-VIK Spectra yakanyorwa uchishandisa Lambda 950 UV-VIV-VIVE Spectrophotomer mune 350-800 NM NgF SEPLESS SANGANO uye Quartz Referesi.
Iyo yemakemikari yekumanikidza sensor (yakabatana electrode chip) yaive yakadhonzwa kune iyo tsika dunhu redunhu 73 uye kuramba kwakabviswa pamweri. Iyo yakadhindwa redunhu board pane iyo mudziyo unobatana neyekuwamati terminals uye yakaiswa mukati megasi yekunetseka nekamuri ye1 v ine kuenderera mberi kwekunyepedzera kujekesa kujekesa uye ipapo purge zvakare. Iyo kamuri yakatanga kunatswa nekuchenesa ne nitrogen pa2003 kweawa 1 yekuve nechokwadi chekubviswa kwevamwe vese vanoongorora mukamuri, kusanganisira kunyorova. Ongorora fungidziro idzi dzakabva dzaburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma mukamuri yakaenzana kuyerera kwe200 CM3 nekuvhara iyo n2 cylinder.
Shanduro yakagadziridzwa yechinyorwa ichi yakabudiswa uye inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neiyo link kumusoro kwechinyorwa.
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Pearson, HO Handbook of kabhoni, graphi, madhaimani uye zvizere: zvivakwa, kugadzirisa uye zvinoshandiswa. Shanduro yekutanga yakagadziriswa. 1994, New Jersey.
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Balandin aa a fermal zvivakwa zveGriphene uye nanantrated carbon zvinhu. Nat. Mat. 10 (8), 569-581 (2011).
Cheng Ky, Brown Pw naCahill DG Thermal Discount of Graphite Mafirimu Graphi Graphy Films Graffs paI Ni (111) nekudziya-tembiricha emakemikari epures. adverb. Mat. Interface 3, 16 (2016).
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Kutumira Nguva: Aug-23-2020