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Ikirangantego cya Nanoscale (Nzebs) zirashobora gukorwa na Nanonetaceals zikaba, ariko ibibazo bikaba byoroshye kwimura nuburyo bwa morphologiya yubuso bugira ingaruka kumikoreshereze y'ibisekuru bikurikira. Hano turatangaza imikurire ya NGF kumpande zombi za ACCEL (agace 55 cm2, ubunini bugera kuri 100) hamwe na polymer-kubuntu, agace kangana na cm2). Bitewe na morphology ya catalistst file, firime ebyiri za karubone ziratandukanye mumitungo yabo nibindi biranga (nko hejuru yubusa). Turerekana ko Nzeri hamwe na Rougher Inyuma ikwiranye no kumenya no2, mugihe cyoroshye kandi imbaraga zinyuranye kuruhande rwambere (2000 s / cm. Umuyoboro cyangwa electrode ya selile yizuba (kubera ko yatumaga 62% byumucyo ugaragara). Muri rusange, gahunda yo gutwara abantu no gutwara abantu irashobora gufasha kumenya Ngf nkibikoresho bya karubone yo gusaba tekinoroji aho fafprone na micron-micron-ibishushanyo mbonera bya micron bidakwiriye.
Igishushanyo nigikoresho cyakoreshejwe mu nganda. Ikigaragara ni uko igishushanyo gifite imitungo yubucucike buke ugereranije nubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe namashanyarazi, kandi birahamye cyane mubururu bwaka umuriro hamwe na shimi. Flake igishushanyo ni ikintu kizwi cyane cyo gutangira ibikoresho bya Graphene Ubushakashatsi3. Iyo utunganijwe muri firime zoroheje, zirashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, harimo ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nka SmartPenes4.5,6,7, nkibikoresho bikora muri Sonsersors11. 12 na Filime ya Lithography muri ultraviolet ikabije13,14, ikora imiyoboro mumirasire yizuba15,16. Kuri ibyo byose birasaba, byaba byiza cyane niba uduce twinshi twa firime (NGFS) hamwe nubunini bigenzurwa muri Nanoscale muri Nanoscale byoroshye kandi bitwarwa byoroshye.
Amashusho yibishushanyo akorwa nuburyo butandukanye. Mugihe kimwe, gushiramo no kwaguka byakurikiwe no koko byakoreshejwe mugukora Flakes10,11.17. Ibice bigomba gukomeza gutondekwa muri firime zubunini bukenewe, kandi akenshi bifata iminsi myinshi kugirango bishobore kubyara impapuro zijimye. Ubundi buryo nugutangirira kubishushanyo mbonera. Mu nganda, impapuro za polymers zara karuboni (kuri 1000-1500 ° C) hanyuma zishushanywa (kuri 2800-3200 ° gukora ibikoresho byubatswe neza. Nubwo ireme ryibi firime ari hejuru, gukoresha ingufu ni ngombwa11,18,19 kandi ubunini ntarengwa bugarukira kuri microns 1,18,20.
Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a well-known method for producing graphene and ultrathin graphite films (<10 nm) with high structural quality and reasonable cost21,22,23,24,25,26,27. Ariko, ugereranije no gukura kwa graphene na ultrathin igishushanyo mbonera2, gukura-mugace hamwe na / cyangwa gukoresha NGF ukoresheje CVD ndetse bikaba bisakurwa na11.13,30,30,33.33.33 .33.
CVD-yakuze na firime ya grephene nigishushanyo gikeneye kwimurwa kumurimo34. Iyi myambarire mito ikubiyemo uburyo bubiri35: (1) kohereza etch36,37 na (2) bishingiye kuri etch yohereza imiti itose (inkunga) 14.34,38. Buri buryo bufite ibyiza nibibi kandi bigomba gutoranywa bitewe nibisabwa, nkuko byasobanuwe ahandi35,39. Kuri graphene / ibara ryiza ryabonetse kumurongo wa kataleti, kwimura ukoresheje inzira nziza (ya Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMma) niyo ngingo ishyigikiwe ya mbere) akomeje guhitamo kwambere 13.34,34,40,42.42. URI. Byavuzwe ko nta polymer yakoreshwaga mu kwimura NGF (ingano y'icyitegererezo nko mu 4) 25,43, ariko nta makuru arambuye yatanzwe yerekeye icyitegererezo cyo kwimuka no / cyangwa gukora mu gihe cyo kwimura; Ibikorwa bya chimiet bakoresheje polymers bigizwe nintambwe nyinshi, harimo gusaba no kuvanaho guhosha igicembo cya polyment layer30,38.40,40.42. Iyi nzira ifite ibibi: kurugero, ibisigara bya polymer birashobora guhindura imitungo ya firime yakuze38. Gutunganya ibyinshi birashobora gukuraho polymer isigaye, ariko izi ntambwe zinyongera zongera ikiguzi nigihe cyo gukora cya firime3,40. Mugihe cyo gukura kwa CVD, igice cya grafene cyashyizwe kuruhande rwimbere gusa ya catalyst foil (uruhande rureba inyamanswa), ariko nanone kuruhande rwinyuma. Ariko, aba nyuma bafatwa nkibicuruzwa kandi birashobora gukurwaho vuba na plasma38,41. Gusubiramo iyi filime birashobora gufasha umusaruro mwinshi, nubwo byaba ari byiza kuruta film ya karuboni.
Hano, turamenyesha gutegura iterambere ryimikurire ya Gf haff hamwe nubuziranenge bwimiterere kuri Polycrystalline nikel foil na cvd. Byasuzumwe uburyo ubuso bwimbere ninyuma bwimigezi bigira ingaruka kuri morphologiya nuburyo bwa NGF. Twerekana kandi ibihe byiza kandi byinshuti ishingiye ku bidukikije muri NGF uhereye ku mpande zombi za Nikel ku basimbura miulficcalt kandi berekana uburyo filime imbere kandi inyuma ibereye porogaramu zitandukanye.
Ibice bikurikira biganira ku gishushanyo gitandukanye cya filime bitewe n'umubare wa gare yafashwe: (i) igice kimwe cya grafene (slg, 1), (iII). Iheruka nibyinshi cyane byagaragajwe nkijanisha ryakarere (hafi 97% kuri 100 μm2) 30. Niyo mpamvu film yose yitwa NGF gusa.
Polycrystalline nikel foile ikoreshwa muri synthesis ya graphene nibishushanyo bya firime bifite imiterere itandukanye nkigisubizo cyo gukora no gutunganya nyuma. Duherutse gutangaza ko ubushakashatsi bwo gutegura inzira yo gukura kwa NGF30. Twerekana ko gahunda itunganijwe nko gutiza hamwe nigitutu cyurugereko mugihe cyo gukura bigira uruhare runini mu kubona imizigo imwe. Hano, twarushijeho gukora iperereza ku mikurire ya NGF ku Imbere (FS) kandi ntisokuwe (BS) hejuru ya Nikel Foil (Ishusho. 1a). Ubwoko butatu bwingero FS na BS barasuzumwa, kurutonde mu mbonerahamwe ya 1. Mubugenzuzi bugaragara, gukura rimwe na Gf ihinduka ryibiti bya silk nikel (fig. 1a); Ibipimo bya Microscopique byemejwe (Ishusho 1b, c). Igishushanyo gisanzwe cya FS-NGF cyizihijwe mukarere ka Brack kandi cyerekanwe numutuku, ubururu na orange mu gishushanyo cya 1b cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 1c. Ibiranga Raman Impinga yibishushanyo G (1683 cm-1) na 2d (269 cm-1) Emeza iterambere rya kirisiti cyane n Ngf (Ishusho 1c, Imbonerahamwe Si1). Muri firime yose, prengent ya Raman Spectra hamwe na Gemanity (I2D / IG) ~ 0.3 yaragaragaye, mugihe Raman Spectra hamwe na I2D / 0.8 ntibakunze kugaragara. Kubura impinga zifite inenge (D = 1350 cm-1) muri firime yose yerekana ubwiza bwa NGF. Ibisubizo nkibi byabonetse kuri BS-NGF Icyitegererezo cya BS-NGF (Ishusho Si1 A na B, Imbonerahamwe SI1).
Kugereranya niag FS- na BS-NGF: (a) Ifoto ya NGF isanzwe (niag) yerekana imikurire ya NGF, Ibyiza bitandukanye kuri FS-NGF / NI, (e, G) amashusho ya sem mumakuru atandukanye ya as -ngf / ni. Umwambi wubururu werekana akarere ka flg, umwambi wa Orange yerekana akarere ka MLG (hafi yakarere ka flg), umwambi utukura yerekana akarere ka NGF, kandi umwambi wa magenta yerekana ububiko.
Kubera ko gukura biterwa n'ubunini bw'ikigereranyo cya mbere, icyerekezo cya kirisiti, icyerekezo, n'imbibi z'ingano, kugera ku buka bw'ingano, kugera ku buka bw'ingano, hagamijwe kugenzura ubugari bw'ingamiya mu turere dunini dukomeje kuba ikibazo20,34,44. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakoresheje ibintu twasabye30. Iyi nzira itanga akarere keza ka 0.1 kugeza 3% kuri 100 μm230. Mubice bikurikira, twerekana ibisubizo kubintu byombi. Ikwirakwizwa ryinshi rya Sem Amashusho yerekana ahari ahantu heza cyane kumpande zombi (fig. 1f, G), byerekana ko Flg na MLG 20030.45. Ibi kandi byemejwe no gutanyagura kwa Raman (Ishusho 1c) na tem ibisubizo (byaganiriweho nyuma mugice "FS-NGF: imiterere nimiterere"). Uturere twa flg na MLG rwizihije kuri FS-NGF / NI Ingero (imbere n'inyuma n'inyuma bihingwa kuri ni) bishobora kuba byarakuze kuri sine nini ya NI (111). Kuzinga byagaragaye kumpande zombi (Ishusho 1B, byerekanwe nimyambi yumutuku). Ububiko bukunze kuboneka muri CVD-GVD ya GVD hamwe na firime ya GVD hamwe nibishushanyo byinshi bitewe nitandukaniro rinini muri coefficial of thermal kwaguka hagati yigishushanyo na Nikel asstate30,38.
Ishusho ya AFM yemeje ko FS-NGF yarushijeho kunezeza kuruta icyitegererezo cya BS-NGF (Ishusho Si1) (Ishusho Si2). Imizi isobanura kare (rms) indangagaciro za FS-NGF / NI (FIG. Isuku yo hejuru irashobora kumvikana ukurikije isesengura ryisumbuye rya Nikel (Niar) fiil muri leta yakiriwe (Ishusho Si3). SEM amashusho ya FS na BS-Nir byerekanwe mu bikoresho Si3a-d, byerekana ko FIRPHOPOLOLOVIES zitandukanye: FSFOIQUE FSFOLUES ZISANZWE: HS-NIIKOMEYE BY'IMIKORESHEREZE N'UMUSABWA, MU GIKORWA CYIZA CYIZA. nk'ibice n'imbaraga nyinshi. no kugabanuka. Amashusho make kandi yo hejuru ya Nikel Foil (Nia) yerekanwa muburyo Si3e-h. Muri iyi mibare, turashobora kwitegereza kuboneka kwa Micron-nini nini ya Nikel kumpande zombi za foil ya Nikel (Igishushanyo cya Si3e-H). Ibinyampeke binini birashobora kugira nitation ya NI (111), nkuko byavuzwe haruguru .46. Hano hari itandukaniro ryingenzi muri Nikel Foil morphologiya hagati ya FS-Nia na BS-Nia. Isuku ya BS-NGF / NI iterwa nubuso butagereranywa bwa BS-Niar, ubuso busigaye bubi na nyuma yo gukomera (Ishusho SI3). Ubu bwoko bwo kuranga ubuso mbere yuburyo bwo gukura butuma firime ya graphene nibishushanyo kugirango bigenzurwe. Twabibutsa ko urukurikirane rwumwimerere rushinzwe kuvugurura ingano mugihe cyo gukura kwa GAPHEne, rwagabanije gato ingano kandi muburyo bumwe bwongerewe ubuso bwa substrand ya substrate ugereranije na foil ya annele na catalystl22.
Guhuza neza hejuru yubuso, igihe cyo gusohora (ingano yingano) 30,47 no Kurekura Ubusambanyi bwa NGM na / cyangwa ndetse na NM2 (ni ukuvuga igipimo cya Nanometero nkeya). Kugenzura hejuru yubuso bwa substrate, uburyo nka electrolyting poliping ya Nikel yavuyemo irashobora gufatwa 48. Ifoto ya Nikeli yateguwe hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hepfo (<900 ° C) 46 nigihe (<5 min) kugirango yirinde gushiraho ingano nini za ni (111) (zingirakamaro kuri flg gukura).
SLG na FLG GARAFYIZA NTIBISHOBORA GUHINDURA INGINGO Z'ISOKO NA AMAZI, ISABWA GUSHYIRA MU BIKORWA BY'UBUSHAKASHATSI MU MUTUMO WITONDE HAFIR DECHUS22,34,34. Bitandukanye no kohereza imiti itose kuri polymer-ishyigikiye parphene imwe-imwe-imwe, twasanze impande zombi za NGF ikuze zirashobora kwimurwa nta nkunga ya POLYMER, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2a (reba Ishusho Si4a kubindi bisobanuro). Ihererekanya rya NGF kuri substrate itangirana na etching yatose muri ni30.49 firime. Ingero zikuze za NGF / NI / NGF zashyizwe mu ijoro rimwe rya 70% Hno3 yatandukanijwe na ml 600 y'amazi y'igitereko (di). Nyuma ya NI yashonga rwose, FS-NGF ikomeza kureremba kandi ireremba hejuru yamazi, kimwe na NGF / NGF, mugihe BSF-NGF yibizwa mumazi (Ishusho 2ya. NGF yitaruye noneho yimuriwe muri beaker imwe irimo amazi meza akubiyemo amazi meza kandi ngamizwa kandi byaguzwe neza inshuro enye kugeza kuri esheshatu binyuze mumasahani yikirahure. Hanyuma, FS-NGF na BS-NGF yashyizwe kumurongo wifuza (Ishusho 2c).
Polymer-Ubuntu butose ya chimique yohereza imiti ya Ngf yakuze kuri Nikel Foil: Reba Ishusho ya NNIbisobanuro (B) Ifoto ya FS - na B) kuri Stal Panel D (igabanijwemo ibice bibiri), yimuriwe kuri zahabu yagenewe CAP na Nafion (subsalerare ihindagurika (impande zisobanutse, impande zashyizweho hamwe na mfuruka zitukura).
Menya ko SLG ikozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwimura imiti isaba igihe cyo gutunganya amasaha 20-24 3-24. Hamwe na tekinike yo kohereza ubusa-kubuntu yerekanwe hano (Ishusho Si4a), igihe cyo gutunganya iminwa rusange kiragabanuka cyane (hafi amasaha 15). Inzira igizwe na: (Intambwe ya 1) Tegura igisubizo cya ETCHING hanyuma ushire icyitegererezo muricyo (~ iminota 10), hanyuma utegereze ijoro (~ 7200) Ubike mumazi ya deionized cyangwa kwimurwa kugirango ugwe (20 min). Amazi yafatiwe hagati ya NGF na matrix yaciwe nibikorwa (ukoresheje impapuro zihanamye) 38, hanyuma ibitonyanga byamazi bisigaye bikurwaho nubuma bwumutse (hafi 30 min), hanyuma icyitegererezo cyumye kuminota 10. min mu kibuga cya vacuum (10-1 mbar) kuri 50-90 ° C (60 min) 38.
Igishushanyo kizwiho kwihanganira kuba hari amazi numwuka mubushyuhe bukabije (≥ 200 ° C) 50,51,52. Twagerageje ingero dukoresheje Raman specroscopy, Sem, na XRD nyuma yo kubika amazi yubushyuhe mucyumba no mu macupa afunze aho ariho (Ishusho SI4). Nta gutesha agaciro. Igishushanyo 2c cyerekana FS-NmpG-NmpT na BS-Ngf mumazi deioined. Twabifashe kuri sio2 (300 nm) / SI substrate, nkuko bigaragara mu ntangiriro yishusho 2c. Byongeye kandi, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2d, e, Ngf Gukomeza kwimurirwa mu nzego zitandukanye nka polymers (intimba Polimedide (nafion) n'impapuro za karubone. Kureremba FS-NGF yashyizwe kumpera yintego (Ishusho 2c, d). Icyakora, BS-NGF yicyitegererezo kirenze cm2 zari bigoye gukemura mugihe yibijijwe rwose mumazi. Mubisanzwe, iyo batangiye kuzunguruka mumazi, kubera gufatana uburanga rimwe na rimwe bicamo ibice bibiri cyangwa bitatu (Ishusho 2e). Muri rusange, twashoboye kugera kuri polymer-kubuntu kwa PS- na BS-NGF (kwimura bidafite ishingiro bitagira NGF / Ni / NGF kuri 6 na 3 kuri cm2 kugeza kuri 6 na 3. Ibice byose bisigaye cyangwa bito birashobora (bigaragara byoroshye kumuti cyangwa amazi yigitereko) (Nyuma yo kuzamuka kwimurwa).
Kohereza ingero zitagira polymer zasesenguwe birambuye. Ibiranga ubuso bwa Morforigisiyo byabonetse kuri FS- na BS-NGF / Sio2 / si (Ishusho 2c) ukoresheje amashusho ya optique (Ishusho ya 3) yerekanaga ko izi ngero zimuriwe nta microscopi. Ibyangiritse byubaka nkibice, umwobo, cyangwa ahantu hatangwa. Ububiko kuri Nzema (Ishusho 3b, d, byaranzwe n'imyambi y'umuhengeri) yagumye adakora nyuma yo kwimurira. Byombi FS- na BSF-NGFS igizwe nuturere twa flg (uturere twaka rwerekanwe nimyambi yubururu ku gishushanyo cya 3). Igitangaje ni uko uturere duto twangiritse mubisanzwe tureba mugihe cya polymer clammet ya firime ya Ultrathin, ihuza imyambi yubururu ku gishushanyo cya 3D) yimuwe (Ishusho ya 3D). 3). . Ubunyangamugayo bwamashini bwongeye kwemezwa no gukoresha tem na Sem amashusho ya NGF yimuriwe mu Lace-karuboni umuringa, nk'uko byaganiriweho nyuma ("imiterere n'imiterere"). Imurwa BSF-NGF / Sio2 / si irarenze FS-NGF / Sio2 / Si hamwe na RMS ya NM na 17 Nm, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya SI6a na B (20 × 20 μ5). Agaciro ka RMS yimuwe muri Sio2 / si (RMS <2 Nm) ni make cyane (inshuro 3), yerekana ko hahingwa n'i (ishusho si2), bigaragaza ko ari ubuso bwa ni. Byongeye kandi, AFM amashusho yakozwe kumpande za FS- na BS-NGF / Sio2 / si ingero zerekana imirima ya NGF ya 100 na 80 nm (fig. Ubunini buto bwa BS-NGF burashobora kuba ibisubizo byubuso butagaragazwa na gaze ya precursor.
Kwimurira NGF (niag) nta polymer kuri Sio2 / si Wafer (reba Ishusho 2c): (A, B) SEM amashusho yimurwa FS-NGF yo kwimura FS-NGF yo kwimurwa FS-NGF yo kwimurwa FS-NGF. Uturere dusanzwe) - a). . (e, f) afm amashusho yimurwa na fs- na bs-nsf. Umwambi w'ubururu ugereranya akarere ka flg - itandukaniro ryiza, cyan umwambi - Itandukaniro ry'umukara MLG - Itandukaniro ry'umutuku - Itandukaniro ry'umukara - Itandukaniro ry'umukara ryerekana akarere ka NGF, umwambi wa Magenta ugereranya ububiko.
Ibigize imiti byabakuze no kwimurwa FS- na BSFS yasesenguwe na X-Ray Photofectromy Spectroscopy (XPS) (Ishusho 4). Ingano idakomeye yagaragaye muri spectra yapimwe (FIG. 4a, b), guhuza na ni substrates (85 ev) y'abakuze fs- na bfs (niag). Nta mpinga iri mu buryo bwapimwe bwo kwimurwa FS- na BSF / Sio2 / si. Ibisubizo bisa kuri BS-NGF Igishushanyo cya 4D-F cyerekana ibintu byinshi-byerekana CO 1 s, o 1 na SI 2P urwego rwingufu za FS-NGF / Sio2 / Si. Ingufu zihuza C 1 s ya grapite ni 284.4 ev53.54. Imiterere yumurongo wibishushanyo mbonera muri rusange bifatwa nkisimmetrical, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4D54. Hafi-yibanze-urwego C 1 s spectrum (Ishusho ya 4d) kandi yemeje ko yimuriwe (ni ukuvuga ibisivide ya polyment), bihuye nubushakashatsi bwambere38. Umukiriya wa C 1 s Spectra ya Specple nshya yakuze (Niag) na nyuma yo kwimurwa ari 0.55 na 0.62 ev, nibindi. Indangagaciro ziri hejuru kurenza iy slg (0.49 ev kunyerera kuri sio2 substrated) 38. Ariko, izi ndangagaciro ni nto kurenza uko byatangajwe mbere ya Pyrolytid yerekana cyane cyane Pyrolytic ya Gyrolytic ya Gyrolytic cyane (~ 0,55 ev) 53,55, yerekana ko hatabaho imbuga za karubone zifite inenge mubikoresho byubu. Ci 1 s na o 1 s urwego rwubutaka kandi ntibuze ibitugu, kurakenera gukenera kwisuzumisha cyane muri deconvolution54. Hariho → → Π * Urungano rwa Satelite hafi ya 291.1 ev, akenshi zigaragara mu gishushanyo mbonera. Ibimenyetso bya 103 na 532.5 evh muri si 2p na o 1 yibanze urwego rwa spectra (reba Ishusho 4e, f) zisabwa muri Sio2 56. XPS ni tekinike-yunvikana yubutaka, bityo ibimenyetso bihuye na NI na Sio2 byagaragaye mbere na nyuma yo kwimurwa Ngf, muburyo, bifatwa nkibyaturutse mukarere ka flg. Ibisubizo nkibi byagaragaye kubitekerezo bya BS-NGF (ntibigaragaza).
Niag XPS Ibisubizo: (AC) Spevel Spectra yibihimbano bitandukanye bya atomic ya GS-NGF / NI, NNF / NGF / NGF / SIO2 / SI. .
Ubwiza rusange bwa Christal yimuwe yimuwe hasuzumwe X-ray itandukanye (xrd). Imiterere ya Xrd isanzwe (Ishusho. . Ibi biremeza ubwiza burebure bwa NGF kandi bihuye nintera ya D = 0.335 nm, ikomeza nyuma yintambwe yo kwimurwa. Ubukana bwa peffraction (0 0 0 2) ni inshuro zigera kuri 30 kumwanya muto (0 0 4), byerekana ko indege ya NGF ihuye neza nicyitegererezo.
Ukurikije ibyavuye muri SOM, Spematroscopy, XPS na Xrd, ubuziranenge bwa BSF / NGF / NI, nubwo rms ubukana bwa FS-NGF.
SLG hamwe na polymer ishyigikira ibice kugeza 200 nm irashobora kureremba kumazi. Iyi mikorere ikunze gukoreshwa muri Polymer-afasha kwimura imiti itunganya22,38. Graphene n'ibishushanyo ni hydrophobic (inguni itose 80-90 °) 57. Ubuso bushobora gutanga ingufu na flg byagaragaye ko ari igorofa, hamwe ningufu zishoboka (~ 1 kj / mol) kugirango ugenda rwihuta rwamazi hejuru ya 58. Ariko, imikoranire yabazwe imbaraga zamazi hamwe na graffe hamwe nibice bitatu bya grafene ni hafi - 13 na - 15 KJ / MOL, 58, byerekana ko imikoranire y'amazi ifite ugereranije na grafene. Iyi ishobora kuba imwe mumpamvu zituma Ngf ikomeza kuba iringaniye hejuru y'amazi, mugihe ya Fesanding grafene (ireremba mumazi) iraturika kandi isenyuka. Iyo ngf yibizwa rwose mumazi (ibisubizo ni bimwe kubigoramye kandi bimeze neza), impande zayo zunamye (Ishusho si4). Ku bijyanye no kwibizwa byuzuye, biteganijwe ko imikoranire y'amazi yikubye kabiri (ugereranije no kureremba kureremba) kandi ko impande z'imi ngufu igre (hydrophomicique). Twizera ko ingamba zishobora gutezwa imbere kugirango wirinde kugabanuka kw'impande zagaciro zashyizwemo. Uburyo bumwe nugukoresha uburyo bwo kuvanga kugirango uhindure reaction idashidika ryigishushanyo mbonera cya firime59.
Ihererekanyabubasha ryubwoko butandukanye bwa Substrate ukoresheje inzira yo kohereza imiti yatose yavuzwe mbere. Muri rusange ikemerwa ko imodoka zintege nke zihari hagati ya graphene / film ya graphene / graprates hamwe na scacerates nka sio2 / SI422, Sic38, Six38 cyangwa Flecy Shoss nka Polimide 37). Hano turakeka ko imikoranire yubwoko bumwe yiganje. Ntabwo twigeze twitegereza ibyangiritse cyangwa ibiranze bya Ngf kuri kimwe mu bisohoka byerekanwe hano mugihe cyo gufatanitse (mugihe cyo kuranga imashini ziyobowe na / cyangwa mugihe cyo kubika) (urugero: Igishushanyo cya 2, Si7 na Si9). Byongeye kandi, ntitwitegereje impinga ya sic muri XPS C 1 s spectrum yurwego rwibanze rwa NGF / Sio2 / si icyitegererezo (Ishusho 4). Ibisubizo byerekana ko nta guhuza imiti hagati ya Ngf hamwe nintego.
Mu gice kibanziriza iki, "Ihererekanyabubasha-Ubusa ya FS- na BS-NmpF," twerekanye ko ngufi ishobora gukura no kwimura ku mpande zombi za Nikel. Iyi FS-NGFS na BSF-NGF ntabwo bisa mubijyanye nubuso bwubuso, byaduteye gushakisha porogaramu ikwiye kuri buri bwoko.
Urebye umucyo kandi woroshye fs-Nmpf, twize imiterere yaho, twize imiterere yacyo, imiterere ya optique n'amashanyarazi muburyo burambuye. Imiterere n'imiterere ya FS-NGF idafite imurwa rya polymer ryaranzwe no kohereza microscopro ya electros (tem) amashusho kandi yatoranijwe agace electron (saed) icyitegererezo. Ibisubizo bihuye byerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 5. Gukubera amazamu hasi Tem Amanura yatangaje ko hari uturere dutandukanye na FLG hamwe ninzira zitandukanye za elect hamwe na (FIG (FIG (FIG. 5A). Filime muri rusange igaragaza ubunyangamugayo bwiza nubukungu hagati yuturere dutandukanye dutandukanye na flg, nta byangiritse cyangwa twangiritse, kandi binini byangijwe na sem (Ishusho ya 3c-e). By'umwihariko, ku gishushanyo cya 5D byerekana imiterere y'ikiraro ku gice kinini (umwanya waranzwe n'umwambi wirabura ku gishushanyo cya 5D), biranga imiterere ya gare kandi bigizwe n'igice cya grature n'ubugari bwa 51. Ibihimbano hamwe ninteko ya 0.33 ± 0.01 nm iragabanuka kubice byinshi bya grafene mukarere kagufi (impera yumukara wirabura ku gishushanyo cya 5 d).
Gutegura Tem ishusho ya niag yubusa-kubuntu kuri karubone ya carbone ya karubone: (a, b) ubunini bwa Temf na Flg, amashusho yimyambi ya NGF na Bwenda. Imyambi y'icyatsi muri Panel A na C Erekana ibice bizenguruka mugihe cya Beam. .
Imiterere ya RIBBON ku gishushanyo cya 5c yerekana (yaranzwe n'umwambi utukura) Icyerekezo gihagaritse cy'indege za Nanofolds kuri Filime Kurenza Tem-tem yometse, izi nanofolds 30 yerekana icyerekezo gitandukanye cyerekeza kuruta ahasigaye akarere ka NGF; Indege zibasi zo mu gishushanyo gishushanyijeho hafi ya vertically, aho kuba utambitse nka firime zisigaye (insit ku gishushanyo cya 5c). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, akarere ka flg rimwe na rimwe byerekana umurongo n'itsinda rifunganye (ryaranzwe n'imyambi yubururu), bigaragara ku ngoma nke kandi ziciriritse mu gishushanyo cya 5b, 5e. Insit ku gishushanyo cya 5E yemeza ko habaho igice kinini cya Gloscers mu murenge wa flg (intera intera 0.33 ± 0.01 nm), igiranye amasezerano n'ibikorwa byacu byambere30. Byongeye kandi, amashusho ya Sem yanditswe ya AGF yubusa-yubusa yimuwe kuri gride yumuringa hamwe na lacy karubon ya karubone (nyuma yo gukora hejuru-reba igipimo cya tem. Aka karere kahagaritswe neza (byashyizweho umwambi wubururu) hamwe n'akarere kamenetse kuri spine Si9f. Umwambi wubururu (ku nkombe yimfuruka) yatanzwe nkana kugirango yerekane ko akarere ka flg ushobora kurwanya inzira yo kwimura idafite polymer. Muri make, aya mashusho yemeza ko NGF yahagaritswe igice (harimo n'akarere ka flg) ikomeza kuba inyangamugayo na nyuma yo gukoresha ubukorikori no guhura na Voumus ikomeye mu gihe cya Teraments (Igicapo CYA SEM).
Bitewe no kugoroha kw'imiguru (reba Ishusho 5a), ntabwo bigoye kohereza imigabane kuri [0001] Gusesengura umurongo wa Domisiyo kugirango usesengure imiterere ya Saed. Ukurikije umubyimba waho wa firime hamwe nahantu, uturere twinshi twinyungu (amanota 12) yamenyekanye kubera amasomo ya elegitoronizi. Mu mibare 5A-C, bane muri ubwo turere dusanzwe bwerekanwe kandi byerekanwe hamwe ninkingi y'amabara (ubururu, cyan, orange, na code itukura). Ishusho 2 na 3 muburyo bwa Saed. Imibare 5f na g zabonetse mu karere ka flg zerekanwa mu gishushanyo cya 5 na 5. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5b na c, kimwe. Bafite imiterere ya hexagonal isa na graphene63. By'umwihariko, Igicapo cya 5F cyerekana imiterere itatu irenze hamwe n'icyerekezo kimwe cya Zone, yazengurutse 10 ° na 20 °, nkuko bigaragazwa n'inguni idahuye na bitatu (10-10). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ishusho 5G yerekana bibiri bikwiranye na hexy yarenze kuri 20 °. Amatsinda abiri cyangwa atatu yibishushanyo mbonera mu karere ka flg birashobora kuvuka kuva mu ndege eshatu cyangwa hanze yindege ya grafene 33 ugereranije na mugenzi wawe. Ibinyuranye, imiterere ya electron ishusho ya 5h, i (ihuye nakarere ka NGF yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 5a) cyerekana imiterere imwe n'igishusho rusange, gihuye nubunini bunini. Ibi bikoresho byatangajwe bihuye nimiterere yijimye hamwe nicyerekezo cyimbere kuruta flux, nkuko bigaragara kuri indangagaciro 64. Kuranga imitungo ya NGF ya ADF yagaragaje kubana neza (cyangwa graphene) kristu. Niki gishimishije cyane mukarere ka flg nuko kristu ifite urwego runaka rwindege cyangwa mu ndege yoroheje. Ibishushanyo / ibice hamwe nimpano yo kuzunguruka muri 17 °, 22 ° na 25 ° mbere byagaragaye ko Ngf yakuze kuri Filime za Ni 64. Inganda zo kuzunguruka zagaragaye muri ubu bushakashatsi zihuye nimpande zo kuzunguruka mbere (± 1 GRG63 Grephene.
Imitungo y'amashanyarazi ya NGF / Sio2 / Si yapimwe kuri 300 K hejuru y'akarere ka 10 × 3 mm2. Indangagaciro za electron yibanda, kugenda hamwe nu mutungo ni 1.6 × 1020 cm-3, 220 cm2 v-1 na 2000 sm-1,. Kugenda no gukora indangagaciro ngufi yacu birasa nibishushanyo nyabyo2 kandi hejuru kurenza ibishushanyo mbonera bya pyrolytic (byakozwe kuri 3000 ° 29. Indangagaciro za electronts Priesntration indangagaciro ni ibisabwa bibiri byubunini birenga (7.25 × 10-3) kuri firime Micron-Trant igishushanyo mbonera ukoresheje ubushyuhe (3200 ° C) impapuro za Polimide 20.
Twakoze kandi uv-igaragara muri FS-Ndf yimuwe muri Quartsz (Ishusho 6). Ibirimo byavuyemo byerekana hafi guhora mu myanya ya 62% murwego rwa 350-800 Nm, byerekana ko ngf yasobanuwe kugirango itagaragara. Mubyukuri, izina "kaust" rishobora kugaragara mumafoto ya digitale yicyitegererezo kuri 1b. Nubwo imiterere ya Nnocrystalline ya NGF itandukanye nuwa SLG, umubare wibice birashobora kugereranywa hafi ukoresheje amategeko ya 2.3% kuri 85. Dukurikije iyi sano, umubare w'ibice bya grafene hamwe no gutakaza 38% ni 21. Ngf ikuze cyane cyane igizwe na grafene 300, ni ukuvuga ikibyimba 100. 1, SI5 na Si7). Kubwibyo, dukeka ko gukorera mu mucyo wo gusobanura neza bihuye n'uturere twa flg na MLG, kubera ko bakwirakwijwe muri firime yose (imitini. 1 na 6 na 6C). Usibye amakuru yavuzwe haruguru, gukora no gukorera mu mucyo kandi byemeza ko hasigaye ari byiza cyane hGF yimurwa.
. . Imiterere idasanzwe nubunini bwabo mugishushanyo ni ibyuma byerekana gusa kandi ntabwo bihuye nibice nyabyo.
Impfi ya NGF yakuweho na CVD mbere yimuriwe hejuru ya silicon yambaye ubusa kandi ikoreshwa mu tugarizo ni55,16. Imbaraga zingufu zavuyemo imikorere (PCE) ni 1.5%. Izi ntegamizi zidakora imirimo myinshi nkibice bikora, bishyuza inzira zitwara abantu, kandi hambaye electrodes15,16. Ariko, firime y'ibishushanyo ntabwo ari imwe. Ibindi byiza birakenewe no kugenzura witonze urupapuro rwo kurwanya urupapuro rwamashusho, kubera ko iyi mitungo yombi igira uruhare runini mugukurikiza agaciro k'izuba15,16. Mubisanzwe, firime ya graphene ni 97,7% mu mucyo ugaragara kumucyo ugaragara, ariko ufite urupapuro rwo kurwanya urupapuro rwa 200-3000 Ohms / Sq.16. Kurwanya ubuso bwa firime za Grophene birashobora kugabanuka mu kongera umubare wibice (kwimura byinshi mumwanya wa graphene) no kujyana na HNO3 (~ 30 Ohm / Sq.) 66. Ariko, iyi nzira ifata igihe kirekire kandi ibice bitandukanye ntabwo buri gihe bikomeza umubano mwiza. Uruhande rwacu imbere NGF ifite imiterere nkayitwara 2000 s / cm, urupapuro rwa firime 50 ohm / sq. na 62% gukorera mu mucyo, bituma bihindura ubundi buryo bwo kuyobora cyangwa kurwanya electrode mumirasire yizuba15,16.
Nubwo imiterere hamwe nubuvuzi bwubutaka bwa BS-NGF bisa na FS-NGF, ububi bwayo buratandukanye ("gukura kwa FS- na BSF"). Mbere, twakoresheje ibishushanyo mvariro bya ultra-thin22 nka sensor. Kubwibyo, twagerageje bishoboka ko gukoresha BS-NmpF kugirango duhaze gaze (Ishusho Si10). Icya mbere, ibice bya mm2-ngf byamuriwe kuri interineti yo kwimukira Chip (Ishusho Si10A-C). Gukora amakuru ya chip byavuzwe mbere; Agace kayo gakomeye ni 9 Mm267. Mu mashusho ya Sem (Igishushanyo Si10B na C), amatora ya zahabu yibanze aragaragara neza binyuze muri NGF. Na none, birashobora kugaragara ko chip imwe yagezweho kubitekerezo byose. Gupima gaze ya gaze ya gaze zitandukanye byanditswe (FIG .10D) (Ishusho ya si1) hamwe nigipimo cyigisubizo cyavuyemo cyerekanwa mumitini. SI1G. Birashoboka hamwe nabandi myuga yo kwivanga hamwe na So2 (200 ppm), H2 (2%), cpm), co2 (2%) na NH3 (200 ppm). Impamvu imwe ishoboka ni no2. imiterere ya electrophilic ya gaze222,68. Iyo uhishe hejuru ya grafeN, bigabanya kwinjira muri electron na sisitemu. Kugereranya igihe cyo gusubiza amakuru ya sensor ya BS-NGF hamwe na sensor yatangajwe mbere itangwa mumeza SI2. Uburyo bwo kongera gukora ibyuma bya NGF ukoresheje UV Plasma, O3 Plasma cyangwa Ubushyuhe (50-150 ° Gufata Ibyingenzi byagaragaye, bikurikizwa no gushyira mu bikorwa Sisitemu yashizwemo69.
Mugihe cya CVD, Gukura Kurenza Lovirs kumpande zombi zumurongo wa CataliST41. Ariko, BS-Grapphene isanzwe isohoka mugihe cyo kwimura41. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, tugaragaza ko gukura mu rwego rwo hejuru no kwimura NGF yubusa birashobora kugerwaho kumpande zombi zifashanya. BS-NGF iraryoshye (~ 80 nm) kuruta FS-NGF (~ 100 NM), kandi iri tandukaniro risobanurwa nukuri BS-NI ntabwo igaragara muburyo bwa gazi ibanziriza. Twasanze kandi ubukana bwa Niar substrate igira ingaruka mbi za NGF. Ibisubizo byerekana ko isebanya fs-ngf rishobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byibanze kuri graphene (ukurikije uburyo bwo kugumya70) cyangwa nkumuyoboro uyobora imirasire15,16. Ibinyuranye, BS-NGF izakoreshwa mugutahura gaze (FIG. SI9) kandi birashoboka ko kubika ingufu71,72 aho ubuso bwabwo buzaba ingirakamaro.
Urebye ibyavuzwe haruguru, ni byiza guhuza imirimo iriho hamwe na plams yatangajwe mbere ya CVD no gukoresha Nickel. Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2, imikazo yo hejuru twakoresheje yagabanije igihe cyo kuganiraho (intambwe yo gukura) ndetse no mubushyuhe buke ugereranije (murwego rwa 850-1300 ° C). Twabonye kandi gukura kurushaho kuruta uko byari bisanzwe, byerekana ubushobozi bwo kwaguka. Hariho ibindi bintu ugomba gusuzuma, bimwe muribyo dukubiye mumeza.
Impinduro ebyiri zisumba izindi zahimbwe kuri Nikel Foix na cataltic cvd. Mugukuraho resika gakondo (nkibikoreshwa muri CVD grafene), tugera kuri ngf isembuye kandi dufite inenge yubusa (guhinga inyuma yinyuma hamwe nimpande zimbere Ikigaragara ni uko NGF irimo uturere twa flg na mlg (mubisanzwe 0.1% kuri 3% kuri 100 μm2) byumvikana neza muri firime yinjijwe neza. Gushira Tem byerekana ko uturere tugizwe nigice cya bibiri kugeza kuri bitatu kuri bitatu (ibice bya graffe (kristu cyangwa ibice, bifitanye isano na 10-20 °. Uturere twa flg na MLG nyirabayazana wo gukorera mu mucyo wa FS-NGF ku mucyo ugaragara. Naho impapuro z'inyuma, zirashobora kwitwangizwa kumpapuro zimbere kandi nkuko bigaragara, zishobora kugira intego zikorwa (urugero, kugirango batereya). Ubu bushakashatsi ni ingirakamaro cyane mugushira imyanda nibiciro muburyo bwa CVD inganda.
Muri rusange, impuzandengo yubunini bwa CVD NGF iri hagati (hasi-na nyinshi-na benshi) marafe ninganda (micrometero). Umubare wibintu byabo bishimishije, uhujwe nuburyo bworoshye twateje imbere umusaruro no gutwaranya, bigatuma iyi firime ikwiranye na porogaramu isaba igisubizo cyimikorere yibishushanyo, nta biguzi byibikorwa byinganda bikoreshwa muri iki gihe.
A.-μMick Sisitemu yahanaguwe na Arigoni yimukira ku gitubango cya 10-3. Hanyuma Nikel Foil yashyizwe. Muri AR / H2 (nyuma yo gusohora Ni Foil kuri 5 min, Foil yashyizwe ahagaragara mu bushyuhe buri munsi ya 700 ° kuri 40 ° C / min. Ibisobanuro 100
Ubuso bwa Morphology of Sample bwagaragaye na Sem ukoresheje Zeiss Merlin Microscope (1 KV, 50 pa). Icyitegererezo hejuru yubusa nubunini bwa NGF byapimwe ukoresheje AFM (igishushanyo cyagabanijwe na SPM, Bruker). Ibipimo bya Tem na Saed byakozwe ukoresheje urugero rwa Fei Titan 80-300 microscope ifite imbunda ndende (300 kv monochromator na ceos moons lens ihagaze neza kugirango ubone ibisubizo byanyuma. Icyemezo cyo guhindura 0.09 Nm. Ibyingenzi ngf bimuriwe muri karuboni ya gari ya karuboni yatinyera muri grides flay kuri tem isesengura no gusesengura imiterere. Rero, erecle nyinshi z'icyitegererezo zihagarikwa muri pores ya membrane ishyigikiye. Kwimurira ingero za NGF zasesenguwe na Xrd. X-ray itandukanye ukoresheje ifu itandukanye (Brucker, icyiciro cya D2 hamwe na cu kα 5
Ibipimo byinshi bya Raman Point byanditswe ukoresheje imiterere ya Confocal (Alp 300 RATCI, witc). Umukinnyi wa 532 nm hamwe nimbaraga zidasanzwe (25%) zakoreshejwe mu kwirinda ingaruka zubushyuhe. X-Ray Photoproftron (XPS) yakorewe kuri Kratos axis ultra ultra hejuru ya 300 × 700. Ibyitegererezo bya NGF byimuwe muri Sio2 byaciwemo ibice (3 × 10 buri umwe) ukoresheje pls6mw (1.06 μm) YTTERBIM CAST (50 μm umubyimba Ubwikorezi bw'amashanyarazi na Ingaruka Ingaruka byakorewe kuri iyi ngero kuri 300 K na magnetic itandukaniro rya sisitemu yo gupima imitungo (PPMS ENTCOOL-II, igishushanyo mbonera, Amerika). Kohereza Uv-Vis Spectra yanditswe ukoresheje Landda 950 UV-vis spectraphotometero muri 350-800 ndf ngf yimuwe muri quartz ya quartz na quartz.
Umuyoboro wo kurwanya imiti (yagize uruhare rwa electrode chip) yatsindiye ku kibaho cyacapweho 73 kandi irwanya byakuweho. Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko gicamo iki gikoresho gihujwe na terminal ya contact hanyuma gishyirwa imbere ya gaze yumwaka wa 1. Urugereko rwabanje gusukurwa na azonge kuri CM3 ku isaha 1 kugira ngo bakureho abandi basesenguye bose bahari mu Rugereko, harimo n'ubushuhe. Umuntu ku giti cye wasesengura noneho yarekuwe buhoro buhoro mu cyumba ku gipimo kimwe cya CM3 cyo gufunga N2 Cylinder.
Inyandiko ivuguruye yiyi ngingo yarasohotse kandi irashobora kuboneka binyuze kumurongo hejuru yingingo.
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