Graphite ndi gulu la kaboni, kristalo wosinthika pakati pa makhiristo a atomiki, makhiristo achitsulo ndi makhiristo a molekyulu. Nthawi zambiri imvi yakuda, kapangidwe kofewa, kumva mafuta. Kutentha kowonjezereka mumlengalenga kapena mpweya womwe umayaka ndikupanga carbon dioxide. Zothandizira zamphamvu zophikira zimayipitsa kukhala ma organic acid. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choletsa zovala ndi zinthu zopaka mafuta, kupanga ma electrode, batire youma, lead ya pensulo. Kuchuluka kwa kuzindikira graphite: graphite yachilengedwe, graphite yopyapyala ya crystalline, graphite yopyapyala, graphite ya cryptocrystalline, ufa wa graphite, pepala la graphite, graphite yotambasuka, graphite yotambasuka, graphite yadothi ndi ufa wa graphite woyendetsa, ndi zina zotero.
1. Kukana kutentha kwambiri: graphite imasungunuka ndi 3850±50℃, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri kutatha, kuchepa kwa thupi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Mphamvu ya graphite imawonjezeka ndi kutentha. Pa 2000℃, mphamvu ya graphite imawonjezeka kawiri.
2. mphamvu yoyendetsera kutentha: mphamvu yoyendetsera kutentha ya graphite ndi yokwera kwambiri kuposa miyala yonse yosakhala yachitsulo. Mphamvu yoyendetsera kutentha ya chitsulo, chitsulo, lead ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo. Mphamvu yoyendetsera kutentha imachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri, graphite imalowa mu insulation;
3. mafuta odzola: momwe graphite imagwirira ntchito zimatengera kukula kwa graphite flake, flake, friction coefficient ndi yochepa, momwe mafuta amagwirira ntchito ndi abwino;
4. Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala: graphite pa kutentha kwa chipinda imakhala ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, kukana asidi, kukana alkali komanso kukana dzimbiri kwa organic solvent;
5. pulasitiki: kulimba kwa graphite ndikwabwino, kumatha kuphwanyidwa kukhala pepala lopyapyala kwambiri;
6. Kukana kutentha ndi kugwedezeka: graphite pa kutentha kwa chipinda ikagwiritsidwa ntchito imatha kupirira kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha popanda kuwonongeka, kusintha kwa kutentha, kuchuluka kwa graphite sikungasinthe kwenikweni, sikungasweke.
1. kusanthula kapangidwe kake: mpweya wokhazikika, chinyezi, zinyalala, ndi zina zotero;
2. Kuyesa magwiridwe antchito: kuuma, phulusa, kukhuthala, kusalala, kukula kwa tinthu, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, mphamvu yokoka, malo enieni a pamwamba, malo osungunuka, ndi zina zotero.
3. Kuyesa kwa katundu wa makina: mphamvu yokoka, kufooka, mayeso opindika, mayeso okoka;
4. Kuyesa magwiridwe antchito a mankhwala: kukana madzi, kulimba, kukana asidi ndi alkali, kukana dzimbiri, kukana nyengo, kukana kutentha, ndi zina zotero.
5. Zinthu zina zoyesera: kuyendetsa magetsi, kuyendetsa kutentha, mafuta, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, kukana kutentha