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ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi (NGFS) e hiki ke hanaʻia e ka hoʻokele waiwai o Catelytic e pili ana i ko lākou hoʻohanaʻana i nā hana maʻamau. Ma aneʻi mākou e hōʻike ai i ka uluʻana o NGF ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua o kaʻaoʻao polycrystal Ma muli o ka morphology o ka fealstalst foil, nā huapalapalaʻelua iʻokoʻa i ko lākou mau wahi kino a me nā hiʻohiʻona'ē aʻe (e like me nāʻano likeʻole). Hōʻike maikaʻi mākou i nā ngfs me kahi backned backness no ka mea nānāʻole,ʻoiaiʻo nā ngfs a me nā mea hana che. channel a iʻole ka electrode o nā cell solar (mai ia mea e hoʻoili ai i 62% o ka mālamalamaʻike). ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa,ʻo ka mea i hōʻikeʻia a me nā kaʻina hana e kōkua ai i ka pono o nā keleponaʻo Ngf i nā mea hoʻohālike e pili ana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
ʻO ke kiʻi kahi mea hoʻohana nui i hoʻohana nuiʻia. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona,ʻo ia ka kiʻi o nā waiwai o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kumu kūʻai nui a me keʻano o nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā mea hoʻonaninani. ʻO Flake Kaʻaila iʻikeʻia i nā mea e hoʻomaka ai no ka noiʻi cirphene no ka noiʻi cirphene. Ke hoʻoihoʻia i loko o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia ma kahiʻano o nā noi e like me nā polokalamu uila e like me nā polokalamu uila e like me nā polokalamu uila. 12 Aʻo nā kiʻi no ka leonika ma oltraviolet13, mālama i nā kahe i loko o nā lā15,16. No kēia mau noi a pau, he mea nui ia inā he nui loa ia inā nā wahi nui o nā kiʻi kiʻi (NGFS) me nā mānoanoa i hoʻopaʻaʻia i loko o ka nanoscale <100 NM
Nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻiʻia e nāʻano likeʻole. I hoʻokahi hihia, a me ka hoʻonuiʻana a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ukaliʻia e ka exfoliation i hoʻohanaʻia e hana i nā flakes blaket10,11,17. Pono e hoʻoponopono houʻia nā flake i nā kiʻi o nā kiʻi e koiʻia, a he pinepine ia i kekahi mau lā e hana i nā pepa kāleka hōʻai'ē. ʻO kahi ala'ē aʻe e hoʻomaka ai me nā mea paʻa pono. I kaʻoihana, nā'āpana o nā polymers i kālaiʻia (ma 1000-1500 ʻOiai ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni, he kiʻekiʻe loa ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka ikaika.
ʻO Cealitytic Vapor Chinese Chinese (CVD) He ala maikaʻi loa no ka hanaʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a Ultrathin (<10 NM). Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ka uluʻana o ka grapher a me ka ultrathin kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi nui
ʻO CVD-Grown Graphene a me nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi pinepine e kiʻi pinepineʻia e laweʻia i luna o nā mea hana hana34. ʻO kēia mau kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi e pili ana iʻelua mau alana ma mua o nāʻano heʻe nuiʻelua. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ala ke loaʻa nā pono a me nā hemahema a pono e kohoʻia e pili ana i ka noi i manaʻoʻia, e like me ka mea i hōʻikeʻia e nā wahi'ē aʻe35,39. No nā kiʻi Girmne / kiʻi kiʻi i nā mea i kauʻia ma nā'ōnaehana chetalytic, e hoʻololi i nā kaʻina hana i hoʻohanaʻia (pmma) Oe e like al. Ua'ōleloʻiaʻaʻole ia i hoʻohanaʻia no ka polymer no NGF Ka Hoʻolaha NGF Nā kaʻina hana Chemisistry e hoʻohana ana i nā polymers he nui o nā hana he nui, me ka noi a me ka noiʻana o ka multifial Loaʻa kēia kaʻina hana Hiki i ke kaʻina hana hou ke wehe i ka polymer consudal, akā ua hoʻonui kēia mau ala hou i ke kumukūʻai a me ka manawa o ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi38,40 .40. I ka wā o ka uluʻana o ka cvd, kahi papa o ka cirphene i waihoʻia ma mua o kaʻaoʻao o ka catalyst. Eia nō naʻe, ua manaʻoʻia ka hope o ka mea hanaʻole a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale kokeʻia e ka plasma38,41. ʻO ke kiʻi houʻana i kēia kiʻi i hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hāʻawiʻana,ʻoiai inā he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
Eia, ke hōʻike nei mākou i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka uluʻana o ka nui o ka nui o ka nifer-scalect o ngf me ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe ma polycrystalline niycrystal i ka cvd. Ua loiloiʻia pehea ka hopena o ka paʻakikī o ka mua a me ke alo o ka foil e pili ana i ka morphology a me keʻano o ka ngf. Hōʻike pū mākou i nā kumukūʻai kumukūʻai a me ka maʻamau o ka neʻeʻana o ka ngf i nā kihiʻelua o NGK
ʻO nā'āpana e pili ana i nā papa kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi likeʻole ma muli o ka helu o nā cripher carpene (MLG, ʻO ka hope loa ka mea maʻamau i hōʻikeʻia ma keʻano he hapa hapa o ka wahi (ma kahi o 97% wahi no 100 μm2) 30. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapaʻia ka kiʻi holoʻokoʻa i kapaʻiaʻo NGF.
He mau mea likeʻoleʻo Polycrystal Ua hōʻike hou mākou i kahi haʻawina e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kaʻina ulu o NGF30. Hōʻike mākou i ke kaʻina hana e like me ka manawa e like me keʻano o keʻano o keʻano o ka pae kiʻekiʻe e loaʻa ai nā NGFs o ka nui o keʻano. Eia, ua noiʻi houʻia mākou i ka uluʻana o NGF ma luna o ka poli ma mua (FS) a iʻole i hoʻihoʻiʻia (BS). ʻEkolu mauʻano o nā samcles fs a me bs i hōʻikeʻia, ua hōʻikeʻia ma ka papaʻaina colcket (Niag) Ua hoʻopaʻaʻia nā'āpana microscopicic (Fig. 1b, c). ʻO kahiʻano maʻalahi o ka Ram ʻO nāʻano kiʻi kiʻi raman o Guman o ke kiʻi G (1683 cm-1) a me 2d (2696. Ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, kahi wānana nui o Ramman Spetch me ka radio ikaika ʻO ka halaʻole o nā peʻaʻole (D = 1350 cm-1) i ka kiʻi holoʻokoʻa e hōʻike ana i ka ulu kiʻekiʻe o ka uluʻana o NGF. Loaʻaʻia nā hopena Ram like i loaʻa i ka sample BS-NGF sample (kiʻi shai1 a a me b, papa star sar1).
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana o Niag FS- a me BS-NGF: Nā kiʻi sem ma nā papa inoa likeʻole ma FS-NGF / NI, Hōʻike ka pua uliuli i ka'āina FLG, e hōʻike ana ka'āpana o kaʻulaʻula
Mai ka uluʻana o ka uluʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka papa mua, ka nui o keʻano, a me ka nui o nā palena kūpono o NGF ma luna o nā wahi nui ʻO kēia noiʻi i hoʻohana mua iā mākou i pili mua iā mākou. Ua hana kēia kaʻina hana i kahi wahi aniani o 0.1 a 3% no 100 μm230. I nā'āpana aʻe, e hōʻike mākou i nā hopena no nāʻano aupuniʻelua. Hōʻike nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe i ka heleʻana o nā wahi kūlike ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua (Fig. 1F. Ua hoʻopaʻaʻia kēia e Raman Spotping (Fig. ʻO nā wahi FLG a me MLG i nānāʻia ma FS- a me BS-NGF / Ni i keʻano he nui ma NI) Ua nānāʻia ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua (Fig. 1b, hōʻailonaʻia me nā puaʻulaʻula). Loaʻa pinepine kēia mau pā i ka cvd-gephone cripne a me nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi ma waena o ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o keʻano o ke kiʻi ma waena o ke kiʻi
Ua hōʻoiaʻia ka kiʻi AFM i hōʻoiaʻia e pili ana i ka SS-NGF sample ma mua o ka simple ma mua o ka bs-ngf sample ʻO ke kumu o ke kumuʻo Square (RMS) nā waiwai nui o FS-NGF / Ni (FS. SP-NM. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopoʻia ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka nānāʻana i ka nānāʻana o ka nickel (Nir) Foil i loko o ka moku'āina e like me ke kūlana (kiʻi SI3). Hōʻikeʻia nā kiʻi o nā FS a me BS-ʻo BS-NI e like me nā popo me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe. a me ka decline. Nā kiʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi o nā kiʻi o ka neckel foil (ni) i hōʻikeʻia ma ke kiʻi sii3e-h. I kēia mau helu, hiki iā mākou ke nānā i ke alo o kekahi mau'āpana Niclal-sivl-sied nickel ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua o ka Nickel Foil (Fig. E loaʻa paha nā nui nui i nā mea nui ni Aia kekahi mauʻokoʻa nui ma Nickel Foil Morphology ma waena o FS-Nia a BS-Nia. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o BS-NGF / NJE ma muli o ka papa i hoʻopaʻaʻia o BS-NIR, kaʻili o ka mea e noho ai ʻO kēiaʻanoʻanoʻano hiʻohiʻona ma mua o ka hikiʻana o ke kaʻina ulu o ka uluʻana o ka uluʻana o ke kīwī a me nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻiʻia. Pono e hoʻomaopopoʻiaʻo ia ka mea kākau mua i kekahi mau mea kanu i ka nui o ka uluʻana o ka palaoa a me ka nui o ka'ōpala i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka nui
Maikaʻi-ho'āʻoʻana i keʻano o ka substrate ma luna o ka nui o ka nui E kāohi i ka'ōpū o ka'ōpū o ka'āpana Hiki i ka Boik Boisel Foil Foil ma kahi o ka mahana haʻahaʻa (<900 ° C) 46 mau minuke
ʻAʻole hiki iā Slg a me FlG Cripherʻaʻole hiki i keʻano o ka'ōpū o nā maʻi a me ka wai e hoʻohana ai i nā mea hana uila I ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ka neʻeʻana o ka chemika o ka chempical i keʻano he criphened spipheneding Hoʻololi iā NGF i kahi substrate i hāʻawiʻia me ka'ōpala etching of the nightly of the nidlyly nidlying nidlying nidlying ni0.49 kiʻi kiʻi. Ua kauʻia ka nui o ka Gros / NGF / NGF i ka pō ma 15 ml o 70% hno3 dilited me 600 ml of dionized (di) wai. Ma hope o ka hemoʻana o ke ni fol, ft-ngf e waiho ana i ka papahele o ka wai, e like me ka ngf / ngf Ua hoʻoneʻeʻiaʻo NGF i kahi o NGF mai kahi Beaker i lawe houʻia i ka wai i hōʻoleʻia i kahi beaker a me nā mea kūʻai aku iʻehā a iʻole iʻeono mau manawa i nā manawa i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma nā manawa o ke aniani. ʻO ka hope loa, FS-NGF a me BS-NGF i kauʻia ma ka subste i makemakeʻia (Fig. 2C).
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o Polymer-free sample e like me ka papa hana d
Hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻoiliʻana i ka hoʻololiʻana i nā hana uila e hoʻohana ai i nāʻano hana uila e pono ai e koi i ka manawa hana o 20-24 mau hola 38. Me ka hanaʻana i ka hana uila ʻO ke kaʻina hana o: kūʻai aku i ka wai deionized a iʻole e hoʻololi i ka subsrate substrate (20 min). Ua neʻeʻia ka wai ma waena o ka NGF a me ka Bulk Matrillary e ka hana capillary (e hoʻohana ana i nā'āpana wai e maloʻo ana MIN ma kahi o ka hakahaka o ka umu (10-1 mbar) ma 50-90 ° C (60 min) 38.
ʻIkeʻia ka kiʻi kiʻi i ka heleʻana i ka noho o ka wai a me ka ea ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (≥ 200 ° C) 50,51. Ua ho'āʻo mākou i nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻohana ana i ka Spectroscopy, SEM, a me XD ma hope o ka waihoʻana i kahi o ka wai i hoʻokahi mau lā ʻAʻohe mea iʻikeʻia. Hōʻikeʻo Gig 2C i ka FS-NGF a me BS-NGF ma Deionized wai. Ua hopu mākou iā lākou ma kahi Sio2 Eia kekahi, e like me ka hōʻikeʻana ma ke kiʻi 2D, e, hiki ke neʻe mauʻiaʻo NGF i nā polia e like me Nexolve Ua hoʻokomo maʻalahiʻia ka FS-NGF i ka subsrate substrate (Fig. 2c, d). Eia naʻe,ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o BS-NGF ma mua o 3 cm2 i ka hana i ka wā i hoʻopukaʻia ai ka wai. ʻO ka maʻamau, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai lākou e'ōwili i ka wai, ma muli o ka mālamaʻoleʻana i ka laweʻana i kekahi manawa aʻekolu paha mau'āpana (Fig. 2e). Ka nui, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa i ka neʻeʻana o ka polymer-free i ka ps- a me bs-ngf ʻO nā koena a iʻole nā'āpana liʻiliʻi a iʻole nā'āpana liʻiliʻi e hiki ai i ka hopena o ka etching a iʻole keʻano o keʻano o ka counter e like me ka 98-99% (ma hope o ka uluʻana no ka hoʻololi).
Hoʻololi i nā hiʻohiʻona me kaʻole o ka polymer i ka kiko'ī. Ua loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona morphological i loaʻa i ka FS- a me BS-NGF / Sio2 / SI (SIM. 2) i hōʻikeʻia i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona. ʻO nā hōʻeha iʻikeʻia e like me nā pale, nā lua, a iʻole nā wahi i hoʻohanaʻoleʻia. ʻO nā pākuhi ma luna o nā ngf e ulu ana ʻO nā fs- a me nā bs-ngfs i hoʻohuiʻia i nā wahiʻelua (nā wahi ākea i hōʻikeʻia e nā pua polū ma ke kiʻi 3). Pīhoihoi, i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i nā wahi i hōʻehaʻia i ka wā o ka huiʻana o ka pumpy 3). . ^. Ua hōʻoia houʻia nāʻano mīkini mechanical i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi o ka NGF i nā kiʻi copp-carbon colper-carbon i keʻano ("fs-ngf:ʻano a me nā waiwai a me nā waiwai. ʻO nā mea i hoʻoneʻeʻiaʻo BS-NGF / Sio2 / SIG-NMF / NM2 ʻO ka waiwai RMS o NGF i laweʻia ma ka SOIT2 / S SBSTrate (RMS <2 NM) Eia kekahi, hanaʻia nā kiʻi Avm i nā kihi o Fs- a me BS-NGF / Sio2 / SIME ʻO ka mānoanoa liʻiliʻi o BS-NGF paha he hopena ma kahi o kaʻaoʻaoʻaʻole i hōʻikeʻia i keʻano papa mua.
Hoʻololiʻiaʻo NGF (Niag) me ka Polymer ma Sio2 Nā wahi maʻamau) - A). (c, d) nā kiʻi sem o nā mea i hoʻoneʻeʻia bs-ngf: haʻahaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe (e pili ana i ka'āpana'āpana (e, f) Nā kiʻi a AFM o nā mea i hoʻoneʻeʻia FS- a me BS-NGFS. ʻO ka pua polū e hōʻike ana i ka'āina FLG
ʻO ka huiʻana o ka mea kanu o ka uluʻana a me nā neʻeʻana i ka FS- a me BS-NGFS i loiloiʻia e X-ray photoadectron Spectrosstocopy (XPS) (Fig. 4). Ua nānāʻia kahi palupalu palupalu i loko o ka spect spectra (Fig. 4A, B) ʻAʻohe mau poʻe i loko o ka spectra i kohoʻia i ka fs- a me bs-ngf / sio2 / sio (sop. 4c. Nā kiʻi 4D-F hōʻike i ka Spect kiʻekiʻe o ka C P 1 S, 1 S a me SI a me nā ikehu o FS-NGF / Si. ʻO ka ikaika o ka ikehu o c 1 s o ka kiʻi kiʻi he 284.4 ev53.54. ʻO kaʻano o ka laina o nā peʻa pickate i manaʻoʻia e like me ka asymmetrical, e like me ka hōʻikeʻana ma ke kiʻi 4D544. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe ʻO nā laina o ka C 1 S Spectra o ka Spect hou (Niag) a ma hope o ka hoʻoiliʻana he 0.,55 a me 0.62 e. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia mau waiwai ma mua o nā mea o ka slg (0.49 ev no ka slg ma luna o kahi sio2 substrate) 38. Eia nō naʻe,ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau waiwai ma mua o nā laina i hōʻikeʻia ma mua o nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi (~ 0.75 ev) 53,54,55 ʻO ka pauku o ka pepaʻo Peter a me Oka 1 SB a iʻole ka palena o ka pono o ka manaʻo, no ka hopenaʻo Peak Deponvol54. Aia kahi π ʻO ka 103 Ev a me 532.5 EV i nā hōʻailona ma ka SI 2 a me O 1 SO CO CO CODE. 4E, F). ʻO XPS kahiʻano loea-nānā i nā hōʻailona, no laila e pili ana nā hōʻailona e pili ana iā Ni a me Sio a ma hope o ka hoʻoiliʻana mai ka FLG. Ua nānāʻia nā hopena like no ka laweʻana i nā helu BS-NGF (ʻaʻole i hōʻikeʻia).
Niag xs hopena: (D-F)ʻO ka SPEPORD kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā pae Core CO 1 S, o 1 a me ka si 2
ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi o nā crystals nerf i hoʻohuliʻia e loiloiʻia me ka hoʻohanaʻana i X-ray diffraction (Xrd). Nā Kūlana Kūlana XD . ^. Ua hōʻoia kēia i ka maikaʻi o keʻano o ka crystalline kiʻekiʻe o NGF a me keʻano i kahi mamao o D = 0.335 NM, e mālamaʻia ma hope o ke kaʻina hoʻololi. ʻO ka ikaika o keʻano o ka dicfraction peak (0 0 0 2) ma kahi o 30 mau manawa o ka leleʻana o ka ngf crystal.
Wahi a nā hopena o Sem, Raman Specrosscopy, Xps a me XD
Nā Slgs me Pilymer Kākoʻo i nā papa inoaʻo Poymer i ka 200 NM ua hiki ke lele i ka wai ma ka wai. Ua hoʻohana pinepineʻia kēia hoʻonohonoho i loko o Polymer-kōkua i kōkua i nā kaʻina hana maʻamau ʻO Graphene a me ke kiʻi he hydrophobic (maloʻo a me nā kihi 80-90 °) 57. ʻO nā papa hana ikaika loa o nā mea nui o ka criphene a me nā flg i hōʻikeʻia e pālahalaha nui, me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (~ 1 kj / mol) Eia nō naʻe,ʻo nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia e hoʻopili ai i ka wai me ka carphene aʻekolu mau papa o ka wai me ka nunui. ʻO kēia paha kekahi o nā kumu kumu no keʻano o ka poʻe freestanding NGF ma luna o ka wai o ka wai,ʻoiaiʻo ka freestanding carphene (e wāwahi ana i ka wai. I ka wā i hoʻopukaʻia aiʻo NGF i ka wai (nā hopena likeʻole no ka paʻakikī a me nā'āpana ngf) I ka hihia o ka mea i hoʻopauʻia, ua manaʻoʻiaʻo ia ka nui o ka nui o ka NGF-wai e pili ana i ka nui o ka NGF) Manaʻo mākou e hiki ke hoʻomohalaʻia nā hoʻolālā e pale i ka paleʻana i nā kihi o nā ngfsded ngfs. ʻO ke ala hoʻokahi e hoʻohana ai i nā mea i hui pūʻia e hoʻololi i ka hopena o keʻano o ka kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻiʻia.
ʻO ka hoʻololiʻana o ka slg i nāʻano likeʻole o nā mea i kohoʻia ma o nā kaʻina hana o ka cemika i hōʻikeʻia ma mua. Uaʻaeʻiaʻo ia ka mea nāwaliwali o Van Der Wals i noho ma waena o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā kiʻi he sic38,46. Eia nō mākou e manaʻo ai e pili ana i ka piliʻana o keʻano likeʻole. ʻAʻole mākou i nānā i kekahi pōʻino a iʻole ka hāpaiʻana o NGF no kekahi o nā mea i hōʻikeʻia ma kahi o ka hanaʻana ma lalo nei Eia kekahi,ʻaʻole mākou i nānā i kahi sic peak i loko o ka xps c s 1 s spectrum of the core of the bore Hōʻike kēia mau hopena i loaʻaʻole he chess chess ma waena o NGF a me ka Subste TRANTER RESBANT.
Ma ka'āpana mua, "Polymer-Free Transport of FS- a BS-NGF," E hōʻike mākou e ulu a hoʻololi i nāʻaoʻaoʻelua o NGK ʻAʻole like kēia mau FS-NGFs a me BS-NGFS i nā'ōlelo o ka palupalu o ka wahi, e hoʻowalewale iā mākou eʻimi i nā noi kūpono no kēlā me kēiaʻano kūpono.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka transparency a me nā meaʻala i ka fs-ngf, aʻo mākou i konaʻano kūloko, nā waiwai a me nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea uila ma kahi kiko'ī. ʻO keʻano a me keʻano o FS-NGF me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka hoʻololiʻana i ka microscopy (Tem) i kohoʻia a kohoʻia. Hōʻikeʻia nā hopena kūpono ma ke kiʻi 5.ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻikeʻia ana ma keʻano o nā mea e pili ana i nā ngf. Hōʻikeʻia ke kiʻi o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka hana mechanical maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomau ma waena o nā wahi likeʻole o NGF a me kaʻeha a me kaʻeha paha. Ma keʻano he nui, i ka Fig. E hōʻike ana i nā kiʻi kiʻi ma keʻano he nui loa ma keʻano he nui o ka pākeke ma kahi o 5d ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana me kahi kiko'ī o ka weheweheʻana o 0.33
ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka mana o ka poster-free nilymer ʻO nā pua'ōmaʻomaʻo ma nā panels A a me C e hōʻike i nā wahi o ka pōʻino o ka hōʻinoʻana i ka wā o BEAM ACT. (F-I) i nā panels a C, COED mau hiʻohiʻona i nā wahi likeʻole e hōʻikeʻia e ka uliuli,ʻo Cyan,ʻulaʻula, a me nāʻulaʻula
ʻO keʻano o ka'ōpū ma ke kiʻi 5C Ma lalo o ka nui o ka wahine,ʻo kēia mau inoa inoa i hanaʻia ma mua o keʻano o ka crystalloglagraphic'ē aʻe ma mua o ke koena o ka wahi o ka ngf; ʻO nā papa basal o ka pattice o ka pattice ka mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma mua o kaʻoi aku ma mua o keʻano o ke koena o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni (inset ma ke kiʻi 5c). Pēlā nō,ʻo ka'āina flg i kekahi manawa e hōʻike ana i ka laina laina a me nā pākini e like me ka haʻahaʻa a me nā aniani i ka haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka inters i ke kiʻi 5E e hōʻoia ana i ka heleʻana o nā papaʻelua a meʻekolu mau papa inoa o ka FlG Eia kekahi, kākauʻia nā kiʻi sem o ka polymer-free Ngf i nā kiʻi keleawe (ma hope o ka hanaʻana i nā kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea i hoʻokuʻuʻiaʻo FLG (hōʻailonaʻia me ka puaʻulaʻula) a me ka'āina i wāwahiʻia ma ke kiʻi SI9F. Ua hōʻikeʻia ka puaʻulaʻula I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, ua hōʻoia kēia mau kiʻi i ka'āpana o ka NGF
Ma muli o keʻano o ka brikfy maikaʻi loa o NGF (eʻike i ke kiʻi 5a),ʻaʻole ia he mea paʻakikī e hoʻopili i nā flakes ma luna o ka hana sead. Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka mānoanoa kūloko o ke kiʻi a me kona wahi, he mau wahi hoihoi (12 mau kuhikuhi) iʻikeʻia no nā haʻawina electron no nā haʻawina electron no nā haʻawina uila. I nā kiʻi 5A-C,ʻehā o kēia mau wahi maʻamau i hōʻikeʻia a hōʻailonaʻia me nā pōpoki kala (uliuli,ʻulaʻula, aʻulaʻula, a me kaʻulaʻula. Nā helu 2 a me 3 no keʻano sea. Loaʻaʻia nā kiʻi 5F a me G i nā wahi FLG i hōʻikeʻia ma nā kiʻi 5 a me 5. E like me ka hōʻikeʻia ma nā kiʻi 5B a me C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C B, Loaʻa iā lākou kahiʻano hexagonal e like me ka crishene63. Ma ke kiʻi kūikawā, hōʻikeʻiaʻo 5f i nā hiʻohiʻonaʻekolu me kaʻano likeʻole o ka [0001] E like me 10 Pēlā nō, ke kiʻiʻana o ka kiʻi 5G iʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona hexagonal i kohoʻia e 20 °. ʻElua aʻekolu paha mau pūʻulu o nā hiʻohiʻona Hexagonal ma ka wahi o FLG e hiki ai ke kū maiʻekolu mau a iʻole ka heleʻana i kekahi. I ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana, nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālikelike o nā electron i ke kiʻi 5h,ʻo wau (e pili ana i ka nui o ka NGF i kahi nui. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona sere i kauʻia i kahi papa kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi a me keʻano o ke aniani ma mua o ka crytemani. He aha ka mea iʻikeʻia ma ka'āina FLG he mau crystallites i loaʻa i kahiʻano o ka crystallites i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka mokulele a i waho paha. Nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi / papa me nā kihi o nā kihi o nā pahu o 17 °, 22 ° a me 25 ° a me 25 ° a me 25 ° i hōʻikeʻia ma ka NGF ʻO nā helu a me nā kumu nui iʻikeʻia i loko o kēia noiʻi e kū pono ana me nā kihi o ka rotation i nānāʻia ma mua (± 1 °)
ʻO nā waiwai uila o NGF / Sio2 / Si i ke anaʻia ma 300 k ma luna o kahi o 10 × 3 MM2. ʻO nā waiwai o nā mea lawe kiʻi uila,ʻo ka neʻeʻana a me keʻano o ka hanaʻana he 1.6 ʻO ka neʻeʻana a me ka mahaloʻana i nā waiwai o kā mākou NGF e like me keʻano kūlohelohe aʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pyrolytic i loaʻa i ka uku. ʻO nā mea iʻikeʻia e nā mea iʻikeʻia e nā mea iʻikeʻia heʻelua mau mea i hōʻikeʻia ma mua o nā mea i hōʻikeʻia (7.25 × 10 CM-3)
Hana pū mākou i nā kau inoa UV-ʻikeʻia iʻikeʻia ma FS-NGF i laweʻia i Quastz i kauʻia (Kiʻi 6). Hōʻike ka hopena hopena i kahi kokoke i kahi hoʻololi mau loa o 62% ma ka pae 350-8-8-8-800 NM, e hōʻike ana i ka NGF I kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki keʻikeʻia ka inoa "ʻo ka inoa"ʻo Kaust "i ke kiʻi paʻi kiʻi o ke kiʻi ma ke kiʻi ma ke kiʻi 6b. ʻOiaiʻo keʻano o ka inoaʻo Nanoncrystal Wahi a kēia pilina,ʻo ka nui o nā papa helu carpher me 38% o ka liloʻana i ka nui o nā criple. No laila, manaʻo mākou e pili ana keʻano o ka transparend i nānāʻia i ka FlG a me MLG a me MLG a me MLG a me ka helu. 1, 3 a me 6c). Ma kahi o nāʻikepili i luna aʻe i luna nei,ʻo ka laweʻana a me ka transparelity a me ka transparentin e hōʻoia i keʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka crystallian
(a) A) UV-Vismits Transmit Standment, (B) ka hana maʻamau NGF maʻamau ma ka Quarz e hoʻohana ana i kahi hōʻike he nui. (c) Schematic o NGF ʻO nāʻano likeʻole a me ko lākou mau nui i loko o ke kiʻina no nā kumu i hoʻohālikeʻia aʻaʻole i pili i nā wahi maoli.
Ua neʻeʻiaʻo Wirelucent NGF e CVD ma mua o ka CVD ma mua e laweʻia i nā papa silini sricon a hoʻohanaʻia i loko o nā bolar chell15,16. ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻololiʻana i ka mana o ka hoʻololiʻana (PG) he 1.5%. Hanaʻia kēia mau NGF i nā hana he nui e like me nā papa hana e pili ana i nā alaloa, e lawe i nā alahele e laweʻia ana, a me nā electrodared transrodes15,16. Eia nō naʻe,ʻaʻoleʻo ka lole kiʻi kiʻi. Pono hou nā manaʻolana e pono ai e ke kāohiʻana i ka pale pale a me ka transttical i ka kohoʻana i ka kiʻi ma ka hopena o ka PRear Cell ʻO ka maʻamau,ʻo nā kiʻiʻoniʻoniʻo Graphene he 97.7% eʻikeʻia eʻike i ka mālamalama, akā loaʻa kahi pale pale o 200-3000 ohms / sq.16. Hiki ke hōʻemiʻia ka paleʻana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni o Grapher e hoʻonuiʻia e ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka nui o nā papa helu (he nui o ka hoʻoiliʻana o nā cripher carpher) Eia nō naʻe, he lōʻihi kēia kaʻina hana a me nā mea hoʻololi'ē aʻe e mālama mau i nā pilina maʻalahi. ʻO kā mākouʻaoʻaoʻaoʻao o NGF he waiwai e like me ka wā e like me ka makahiki 2000 s a me 62% consparency, e hana ana i kahi koho koho no nā mea ola a iʻole nā mea uila e pili ana i nā electrodes i loko o nā bolar15,16.
ʻOiai keʻano a me keʻano o ka chemistry o bs-ngf e like me fs-ngf, heʻokoʻa kona paʻakikī ("ulu o fs-ngf"). Ma mua, hoʻohana mākou i ka kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni e like me keʻano o keʻano o ke kinoea. No laila, ua ho'āʻo mākou i ka hikiʻole ke loaʻa ka hanaʻana o BS-NGF no nā hana SMANG SMARS (kiʻi SI10). ʻO ka mua, mm2-sit i nā'āpana o BS-NGF i laweʻia ma keʻano o ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka ceror ceror ceror ceror ceror ʻO nā kiko'ī hana hana o ka chip i hōʻikeʻia ma mua; ʻO kāna wahi ikaika loa he 9 mm267. I nā kiʻi sem (kiʻi shai10b a me c), uaʻike maoliʻia ka electrode gula ma o ka ngf. Eia hou, hiki keʻikeʻia e loaʻa ana i ka hoʻopiliʻana o ka chap chap chap no nā'āpana āpau. Ua hōʻikeʻia nā ana o nā sania o nā mea likeʻole o nāʻano like likeʻole (Fig. SI10D) (Fig. Sop. Si10g. E like me nā mea e hoʻopili ai i nā mea e hoʻopili ai i nā mea e komo ai i ka so2 (200 ppm), H2 (2%), CHC (200 ppm) a me NHM). Hoʻokahi kumu no ka no2. electrophilicinic o ka gas22,68. I ka manawa e hoʻolaha ai i ka papa o ka carpher, e hoʻoemi ia i ka hoʻopiliʻana o kēia manawa i kēia mau electronons e ka'ōnaehana. ʻO kahi hoʻohālikelike o kaʻikepili pane o ka manawa o ka poʻe BS-NGF i hōʻikeʻia me nā luna i paʻiʻia ma mua o ka Papa Si2. ʻO ka mīkini no ka hoʻihoʻi houʻana i nā mea nānā ngf e hoʻohana ana i ka UV Plasma, O3 Plasma
I ka wā o ke kaʻina CVD, ulu ulu ulu i nāʻaoʻaoʻelua o nāʻaoʻaoʻelua o ka canatest bitrate41. Eia nō naʻe,ʻo BS-CS-CRAPHENE ka hana maʻamau i ka wā o ke kaʻina hoʻoiho. Ma kēia noiʻi, hōʻike mākou i kēlā me ka nui o ka uluʻana o nā kūlana NGF kiʻekiʻe a me keʻanoʻo Poymer-free Ngf ʻO BS-NGF kaʻili (~ 80 NM) ma mua o FS-NGF (~ 100 NM) Ua loaʻa pū mākou i ka paʻakikī o ka nui o nā mea i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka paʻakikī o ka ngf. Hōʻike kēia mau hopena i ka ulu lāʻau ulu lāʻau i hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e like me kahi mea kūpono no ka carphene Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, e hoʻohanaʻia nā bs-ngf no kaʻikeʻana o ka mīkini (Fig. Sop.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā mea i luna, he mea kūpono ia e hoʻohui i ka hana o kēia manawa me nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi mua i paʻiʻia e CVD a me ka hoʻohanaʻana iā Nickel Foil. E like me kaʻikeʻia ma ka Papa 2, nā mea kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohana ai mākou i ka manawa i hoʻohanaʻia i ka manawa hoʻomaha (ma ka pae o 850-1300 ° C). Loaʻa iā mākou ua loaʻa i ka ulu nui ma mua o ka mea maʻamau, e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke hoʻonui no ka hoʻonuiʻana. Aia nā mea'ē aʻe e noʻonoʻo, kekahi o nā mea a mākou i hoʻokomo ai ma ka papaʻaina.
Ua ulu nuiʻia nā pāluaʻelua-kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe ma NGF Ma ka hoʻopauʻana i nā mea i kohoʻia ai nā mea hana politika (e like me nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia ma CVD Criphene) ʻAʻole lawa,ʻo NGF e pili ana i nā'āpana FLG a me MLG (maʻamau 0.1% i ka 3% o 100 μm2 Hōʻike ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā i kēia mau wahi i kauʻia i nā papa oʻelua aʻekolu mau kiʻi kiʻi (cryples, a me nā crystals a iʻole nā crystals a iʻole nā crystals a iʻole nā crystals ʻO ka FLG a me MLG mau kuleana no ka hoʻololiʻana o FS-NGF eʻike i ka mālamalama. Aʻo nā hua hope, hiki iā lākou ke lawe i loko o nā'aualieʻole i nāʻaua mua a me, e like me ke kumu o ka hana hoʻokūkū). He mea maikaʻi loa kēia mau haʻawina no ka hōʻemiʻana i ka pauʻole a me nā kumukūʻai i nā kaʻina hana CVD CVD.
Ma ka laulā,ʻo ka mānoanoa o nā cvd o cvd ngf e moe ma waena o (haʻahaʻa-he nui) a me nā mea hana maʻamau). ʻO ka laulā o nā waiwai hoihoi, hoʻohuiʻia me keʻano maʻalahi a mākou e hana ai no kā lākou hanaʻana i nā mea hana hana i hoʻohanaʻia i kēia manawa me kaʻole o ke kaʻina hana i hanaʻia i kēia manawa.
A 25-μm bilik foil (99.5% hoʻomaʻemaʻe, maikaʻi) i hoʻonohonohoʻia i kahi reactors cmpro (ʻo Air-Inch Bmpro). Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia ka'ōnaehana me Argon a haʻalele i kahi kumu kumu o 10-3 Mbar. A laila ua kauʻiaʻo Nickel Foil. I loko o Ar / H2 mea'ē aʻe30.
Uaʻikeʻia ka morphology o ka samphology o ka sample e sem me ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahi miclin micloscope (1 kv, 50 pa). Ua anaʻia keʻano o keʻano a me nā mānoanoa o NGF a me ka hōʻailonaʻo Afm Ua laweʻia nā ana a me nā ana i ka hana me ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahi microscop o ka mictan crielchutor he 800000 cule 0, 0.0om Resecal 0.09 nm. Ua neʻeʻia nā hiʻohiʻona NGF i nā kīwaha carbon i kālaiʻia i nā copper copper copp no ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka hoʻopiliʻana a me ka nānāʻana. Pēlā, ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ka hapa nui o nā flocle specple i nā poʻi o ka membrane kākoʻo. Hoʻounaʻia nā hiʻohiʻona NGF e XRD. Loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona X-Ray i nā hiʻohiʻona me ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahi pwder fcifractometer (BRUKERS, SPHES Shifter Source Treat) e hoʻohana ana i kahiʻano o ka cu radiation o 3 mm
ʻO kekahi mau wahi ramana kahi i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahi microscope corfocope (alpha 300 ra, wittec). ʻO kahi o 532 NM Laser me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (25%) i hoʻohanaʻia e pale ai i nā hopena i hala. Ua loaʻa iā X-Ray PhotoElectront Spectrosscopy (XPS) ma luna o ka Kratos Axis Ultra Spell Ua kāpaeʻia nā kiʻi ngf i nā'āpanaʻo Siro2 i nā'āpana (3 × 10 mm2 i kahi pls Ua laweʻia nā hoʻokolohua uila a me nā hopena hopena i kēia mau hana ma 300 K a me kahi papa hana o keʻano o ka Pūnaewele. Ua hoʻopaʻaʻia ka Spect UV-Vis SpectS i ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahi keiki hipa 950 UV-Vis SpectrophosTomet i ka 350-800 NM NGF RATRATCHER ATSHTE SUTRATERS ATRANSTER.
ʻO ka censor consor cenistical (interdigitited electrode chip) ua makemakeʻia i kahi papa circuit circuit i paʻiʻia 73 a ua laweʻia ke kū'ē. ʻO ka papa i paʻiʻia e pili ana i kahi mea e pili ana i nā kelepona i hoʻopiliʻia a waihoʻia i loko o kahi o nā kaʻa kaʻa a laila e nānā hou. Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe muaʻia ke keʻena ma luna o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana me Nitrogen ma 200 cm3 no 1 hola e hōʻoia i nā hōʻike'ē aʻe i loko o ke keʻena a pau. Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia nā loiloi pilikino i loko o ke keʻena ma ke keʻena like o ka huina o ka 200 cm3 ma ka paniʻana i ke cylinder n2.
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