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Nanoscale fina-finai (NGFS) sune mai ƙarfi nanomatics wanda za'a iya samar da shi ta hanyar sauya kaya da yadda ilimin halittar kwamfuta ke shafar amfanin su a cikin na'urorin na gaba. Anan mun bayar da rahoton girma na NGF a kan bangarorin Nickel na Nickel na Nickel na Nickel na Polycrystalline (yankin 55) da baya, yanki har zuwa 6 cm2). Saboda ilimin halittar mai kara kuzari, finafinan carbon guda biyu ya bambanta a cikin kayan jikinsu da sauran halaye (kamar m). Mun nuna cewa kungiyoyi na hazaka tare da gano hanyar ganowa, yayin da yake da ngfs da karin aiki - 50 ohms / m2) na iya zama mai yiwuwa masu gudanarwa. Tashahin ko elecikin Solar Cell (Tunda yana watsa 62% na haske mai gani). Gabaɗaya, da aka bayyana haɓakawa da sufuri na iya taimaka wa NGF a matsayin kayan carbon don ƙarin fina-finai mai lokacin farin ciki.
Graphite wani abu ne mai amfani da kayan masana'antu sosai. Ba da daɗewa ba, hoto mai hoto yana da kaddarorin yawan taro da ƙananan hancin kai da lantarki, kuma yana da tsayayye a cikin matsanancin zafi da mahallin sunadarai1,2. Flake zane mai zane shine sanannen farkon kayan don Graphene Binciken Bincike 3. Lokacin aiwatar da fina-finai na bakin ciki, ana iya amfani dashi a cikin kewayon aikace-aikacen lantarki kamar wayoyin lantarki ,,9,10 da kuma kare tsangwani na lantarki11. 12 da finafinai don almara a cikin matsanancin ulteliolet13,14, gudanar da tashoshi a cikin sel na rana15,16. Ga duk waɗannan aikace-aikacen, zai zama babbar fa'ida idan manyan wurare na fina-finai (NGFs) da keli-da-gidanka za a iya samar da su da kwanciyar hankali.
Ana samar da fina-finai masu yawa ta hanyar hanyoyi daban-daban. A cikin akwati ɗaya, saka masa da fadadawa da aka kawo ta hanyar wanzuwa ana amfani da shi don samar da grachene flakes10,11,17. Dole ne a ƙara ɗaukar nauyin cikin finafinai na kauri da ake buƙata, kuma galibi yana ɗaukar zanen gado da yawa don samar da zanen gado mai yawa. Wata hanya ita ce don farawa da tsayayyen tsayayyen abubuwa. A masana'antu, zanen polymers sune carbonized (a 1000-1500 ° C) sannan kuma a yi hoto (a 2800-3200 ° C) don samar da kayan da aka yi da kyau. Kodayake ingancin waɗannan fina-finai yana da yawa, yawan kuzari shine mahimmin mahimmanci 10,18,19 kuma mafi ƙarancin kauri yana iyakance ga ucrons1,18,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19.
Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a well-known method for producing graphene and ultrathin graphite films (<10 nm) with high structural quality and reasonable cost21,22,23,24,25,26,27. Koyaya, idan aka kwatanta da haɓakar graphene da fina-finai na Graphene da ultin-yanki da / ko aikace-aikacen NGF ta amfani da CVD har ma da bincika CVD111,33,29,30.
CVD-girma graphene da fina-finai masu zane-zane sau da yawa suna buƙatar canja wurin akan ayyukan sasantawa34. Wadannan masu canja wurin fim ɗin na bakin ciki sun ƙunshi manyan hanyoyin biyu35: (1) waɗanda ba su dace ba36,37 da (substened da aka tallafa) 14,34,38 da aka tallafa). Kowace hanya tana da wasu fa'idodi da rashi kuma dole ne a zaba dangane da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya, kamar yadda aka bayyana sauran wurare ,,39. For graphene/graphite films grown on catalytic substrates, transfer via wet chemical processes (of which polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the most commonly used support layer) remains the first choice13,30,34,38,40,41,42. Ku et al. An ambaci cewa an yi amfani da polymer don canja wurin NGF (girman samfurin kamar 4 cm2) 25,43, amma ba a bayar da cikakkun bayanai game da daidaitawa ba; Warkar da ayyukan Chemistry ta amfani da matakai da yawa, ciki har da aikace-aikacen da aikace-aikacen cirewararrawa na polymer Layer30 ,,42,42. Wannan tsari yana da rashin nasara: alal misali, sharan polymer na polymer na iya canza kaddarorin da fim ɗin girma 38. Propertyarin aiki na iya cire kayan polymer, amma waɗannan ƙarin matakan suna ƙara farashin da lokacin samarwa na fim ,,40. A lokacin CVD girma, an saka wani Layer na graphene ba kawai a gaban gefen castalyst), amma kuma a gefenta. Koyaya, ƙarshen ana ɗaukar samfurin sharar gida kuma ana iya cire shi da sauri ta santsi mai laushi 38,41. Sake dawo da wannan fim na iya taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa, koda kuwa yana da inganci sosai fiye da fage fim din.
Anan, muna ba da rahoton shirye-shiryen wafer-sikelin bifacial girma na NGF tare da babban tsari akan Polycrystalline ta CVD. An ƙididdige yadda haduwar gaba da baya na tsare yana shafar ilimin halittar jiki da tsarin NGF. Mun kuma nuna wadataccen aiki da inganci na nGF na kyauta daga ɓangarorin Nickel na sama da kuma fina-finai na gaba da baya sun dace da aikace-aikace iri-iri.
Sashe masu zuwa suna tattauna da kauri na fim daban-daban dangane da yawan yadudduka graphene: (III) counteranyaya daga cikin graphene (III, 1 yadudduka 10-30 yadudduka) da (IVG) NGF (~ 300 yadudduka). Latterarshen shine mafi kyawun kauri kamar kashi ɗaya (kimanin kashi 97% a cikin 100 μm2) 30. Shi ya sa ana kiran fim ɗin gaba ɗaya kawai NGF.
Polycrystalline Nickel Foils da aka yi amfani da shi don synthesis na graphene da fina-finai mai zane suna da daban-daban rubutu da kuma aiki mai zuwa. Kwanan nan mun ruwaito nazarin don inganta tsarin ci gaban NGF30. Mun nuna cewa sigogi na tsari kamar lokacin annealing lokaci da kuma matsin lamba a lokacin girma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun ngfs na kauri. Anan, muna kara bincika ci gaban NGF akan gogewar da aka goge (FS) da ba a rufe su ba (BS) na nickel tsare (Fig. 1A). An bincika samfuran samfurori uku da aka bincika, da aka jera a cikin Table 1. A canjin gani na NICK NIL (Foto Uku) mai launin toka mai launin toka (Fig. 1A); An tabbatar da matakan microscopic (Fig. 1b, c). Halittar Raman boyen FS-NGF ya lura a cikin yankin mai haske kuma nuna kibiyoyi ja, shuɗi da orange da orange a cikin Hoto na 1C. Halin Halin Halin Horo na Graphite G (1683 cm-1) da 2d (2696 cm-1) Tabbatar da ci gaban sosai crystalline ngf (Fig., Table Si1). A cikin cikin fim din, masarar Raman Spectra tare da tsananin rabo (I2D / IG) ~ 1.3 an lura da 0.8 da wuya Raman. Rashin ƙarancin kololuwa (D = 1350 cm-1) a cikin dukkan fim ɗin yana nuna babban ingancin NGF. An sami sakamakon Raman a kan samfurin BS-NGF (adadi si1 da B, Table Si1).
Kwatanta game da Niag FS-da BS-NGF: (a) Hoton wani NGF (55 cm2) da kuma sakamakon sahihun hotuna na wafer BS, (d, f) Hotunan SEM a daban-daban game da FS-NGF / NI, (e, G) Hotunan SEM a daban-daban game da Dalili-daban sa BS -NGF / NI. Ararriya ta shuɗi tana nuna yankin flg, kibiya mai orange tana nuna yankin MLG (kusa da yankin flg), kibiya mai ja tana nuna yankin NGF yana nuna nisan ngf yana nuna gunkin.
Tunda girma ya dogara da kauri daga farkon substrate, daidaituwa, daidaituwa, cimma manufar ngf da ngf a kan manyan yankuna ya zama ƙalubalen 12,34,44. Wannan binciken da aka yi amfani da shi a baya da aka buga a baya. Wannan tsari yana samar da yankin mai haske na 0.1 zuwa 3% a 100 μm230. A cikin sassan da ke gaba, muna gabatar da sakamakon duka nau'ikan yankuna iri biyu. Babban Hotunan SM hotuna suna nuna kasancewar wurare da yawa masu ban tsoro da yawa a ɓangarorin biyu (Fig. 1F, G), yana nuna kasancewar yankuna flg da MLG 2007,45. An kuma tabbatar da wannan ta Raman watsa (Fig. 1C 1C) da sakamakon binciken (tattaunawar daga baya a cikin sashin "FS-NGF: tsari da kaddarorin"). An lura da yankuna da MLG da MLG a kan FS- da BS-NGF / Ni-NI-NGF / NI-NGF sun girma akan NI) na iya girma a kan manyan hatsi a cikin NI (111) sun haɗu a lokacin pre-anealing22,30,45. Aljilon da aka lura a garesu (Fig. 1b, alama da kibiyoyi masu ruwan hoda). Ana samun waɗannan fannoni a cikin graphene da fina-finai na graphy da fina-finai na zane-zane saboda babban bambanci a cikin taƙaitaccen bayani game da zane-zane da nickel substrate1,38.
Hoton AFM ya tabbatar da cewa samfurin AFM NGF ya kasance yana da daraja fiye da samfurin BS-NGF (adadi si1) (adadi Si2). Tushen ma'anar murabba'in (RMS) na FS-NGF / Ni-NGF / NI2D / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF / NGF Za'a iya fahimtar mafi girma bisa ga nazarin farfajiya game da nickel (Nahar) tsare a cikin jihar da aka karɓi (adadi na Si3). Hotunan Sem na FS da BS-NIID an nuna a cikin alkalumma Si3a-d, nuna bambancin yanayi na daban: yayin da ba a cika faffun ƙwayoyin cuta ba, yayin da ba a fitar da faffun BS-Ni ba. kamar yadda barbashi tare da karfi sosai. kuma ragewa. Hotunan manyan hotuna na Anane Nickel Foil (Nia) ana nuna su a cikin Hoto Si3e-H. A cikin waɗannan adadi, za mu iya lura da kasancewar abubuwan da aka yi nickel da yawa a cikin bangarorin nickel na nickel. Manyan hatsi na iya samun Ni (111) daidaitawa, kamar yadda aka ruwaito30,46. Akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin ilimin Morphology tsakanin FS-Nia da BS-Nia. A mafi girman girman BS-NGF / NGF / NI ya zama saboda farfajiyar da ba a rushe shi ba na BS-NIF, farfajiya wanda ya kasance mai matukar wahala ko da an gano shi (Hoto Si3). Wannan nau'in yanayin rarrabuwa kafin tsarin ci gaban yana ba da damar girman graphene da fina-finai masu zane da za a iya sarrafawa. Ya kamata a lura cewa ainihin subagean ƙaramin tsari na hatsi yayin ci gaban hatsi kuma da ɗan ƙara haɓaka yanayin ƙura da Fim ɗin Maimaitawa da Fim mai ɗaukar hoto.
Fincure-maimaita subrate surface, lokacin girman kai (girman hatsi) daidaito na NANM2 da / ko kuma sikeli na yanki na yanki). Don sarrafa farfajiya na substrate, hanyoyi kamar yadda ake amfani da plapplaltic sakamakon cutar Nickel Foil za a iya la'akari da shi. Daga nan za a iya yin amfani da tsare mai narkewa a kan ƙananan zafin jiki (<900 ° C) 46 da lokaci (<5) hatsi (<5) hatsi (<5) hatsi (<5) hatsi (<5) hatsi (<5) hatsi (<5) hatsi (<5) hatsi (da hatsi) don nisanta hatsi
Slg da flg Graphene sun kasa yin tsayayya da tashin hankali na acid da ruwa, na buƙatar yadudduka na tallafi a lokacin da aka sauya canja wuri na shayewa ,,34,38. Ya bambanta da canja wurin sinadarai mai laushi na polymer-tallafi guda-graphene38, mun gano cewa a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna su a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na Polymer, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 2a (duba hoto Siea don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai). Canja wurin NGF zuwa substrate yana farawa tare da rigar etching na jigon ni30.49 fim. An sanya samfurori na NGF / NGF / NGF na dare a cikin 15 ml na 70% hno3 diluted tare da 600 ml na deionized (Di). Bayan NI FOIL ya rushe, FS-NGF ya kasance mai lebur da kuma iyo a saman ruwa, kamar bs-ngf ana nutsar da shi cikin ruwa (Fig. 2a, B). An ware NGF daga cikin beaker guda ɗaya wanda ke ɗauke da ruwan sha mai kyau ga wani mai wanki da kewayen NGF da yawa, maimaitawa sau huɗu zuwa sau shida ta hanyar kwanon gonaki. A ƙarshe, FS-NGF an sanya shi a kan BS-NGF a kan subrate da ake so (Fig .C).
Polymer Rigar Rarraba tsari na NGF Grown: (a) Tsarin Tsarin Gano (B) Morearin Canja wurin NGF (B) don canja wurin NGF (B) Siprate zuwa Sio2 / Si Subst Canja wurin zuwa Opaque polymer subster, (e) BS-NGF daga samfurin kamar Panel D (rarrabe kashi biyu), canja shi zuwa takarda mai zinari c.
Lura cewa slang canja wurin da aka yi amfani da amfani da hanyoyin canja wuri na buƙatar jimlar aiki na 20-24 hours 38. Tare da batun canja wurin polymer kyauta anan (Figure Siea), lokacin sarrafa NGF yana raguwa sosai da muhimmanci (kimanin 15 hours). Tsarin ya ƙunshi: (Mataki na 1) Shirya maganin etching kuma sanya samfurin a ciki (~ 7200 minti), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200), (Mataki na 2200). Adana a cikin ruwa na deionized ko canja wuri zuwa manufa substrate (20 min). Ruwa da aka kama tsakanin NGF kuma an cire matrix na matrix ta hanyar ɗaukar hoto (ta amfani da digo na kwastomomi) 38, kuma ragowar ɗakunan ruwa da ruwa), kuma a ƙarshe samfurin ya bushe na 10 min. Min a cikin wuri mai santsi (10-1 mbar) a 50-90 ° C (60 min) 38.
Sanannen sanannen sanannu ne don yin tsayayya da kasancewar ruwa da iska a kyakkyawan yanayin zafi (≥ 200 ° C) 50,51,52. Mun gwada samfurori ta amfani da Raman Spectroscopy, Sem, da Xrd Bayan kwalaben da aka rufe a ɗakin da aka rufe a kowace kwanaki zuwa shekara guda zuwa shekara (Hoto Si4). Babu wani m lalata. Hoto na 2C yana nuna fts-NGF da BS-NGF a cikin ruwa na ruwa. Mun kame su a kan Sio2 (300 nm) / Si substrate, kamar yadda aka nuna a farkon adadi 2C. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 2D, E, cigaba Ngf za a iya canjawa zuwa subbrates irin su (thermabright polyamide daga keɓaɓɓe da kuma takarda Carbon mai cike da zinare. Ana iya sanya gidan fs-NGF da sauƙi a kan maƙasudin substrate (Fig .c, d). Koyaya, BS-NGF samfurori ya fi girma fiye da 3 cm2 suna da wuyar magance lokacin da aka nutsar da shi gaba daya cikin ruwa. Yawancin lokaci, idan suka fara mirgina cikin ruwa, saboda rashin kulawa wasu lokuta suna cikin bangarori biyu ko uku (Fig. 2e). Gabaɗaya, mun sami damar cimma nasarar PS- da BS-NGF (ana cigaba da cigaba da NGF / NI / NGF a yanki, bi da shi. Duk wani manya manya ko kananan guda na iya zama (a sauƙaƙe a cikin mafita na etching (~ 1 mm2, da aka ƙididdige Si4b, za a iya dawo da cewa za a iya gano cewa za a iya gyara cewa za'a iya gano cewa ana iya gano cewa ana iya gano shi nan gaba. 98-99% (bayan girma don canja wuri).
Canja wurin samfurori ba tare da an bincika polymer daki-daki ba. Halayen saman jiki da aka samu akan FS- da BS-NGF / Sio2 / Si (Om) da siffofin Pictal (Fig. Si5 da Fig. Bayyane tsarin lalacewa kamar fasa, ramuka, ko wuraren da aka yiwa. Filayen a kan girma NGF (Fig. 3b, D, kibiyoyi masu ruwan hoda) sun kasance cikin matsakaici bayan canja wuri. Dukansu FS- da BS-NGFs sun haɗa da yankuna flg (yankuna masu haske da kibiyoyi masu launin shuɗi suka nuna a cikin Hoto na 3). Abin mamaki, da bambanci ga 'yan yankuna masu lalacewa na yawanci ana lura da su a cikin Hoto na hoto da MLG) da aka canja su ba tare da fasa ba. (Hoto 3D). 3). . An tabbatar da amincin injina ta amfani da hotunan tem da kuma hotunan NGF sun canza ne akan layin jan karfe, kamar yadda aka tattauna daga baya greads, kamar yadda aka tattauna: tsari da kaddarorin "). Canja wurin BS-NGF / SiO2 / Si shine Rougher fiye da FS-NGF / Sio2 / Si tare da RMS Si6a da 17 10 × 20 μM2. Rms darajar ngf ya canza daga Sio2 / Si Substrate (kimanin sau 3), yana nuna cewa ƙarin haɗi na iya dacewa da farfajiya na NI. Bugu da kari, hotunan AFM da aka yi a gefuna na FS- da BS-NGF / Sio2 / Si Si7, bi da bi da shi, da bi da shi (Fig. Si7). Si7). Karamin kauri daga BS-NGF na iya zama sakamakon saman da ba za a fallasa kai tsaye ga gas ba.
Canja wurin NGF (Niag) ba tare da wafermer ba ta Sio2 / si. Yankuna na yau da kullun) - a). (c, d) hotunan sem da aka canza BS-NGF: LOGILITILATION (daidai da babban yanki da aka nuna ta hanyar filin wasan da aka nuna. (e, F) AFM Images na canja fs- da BS-NGFs. Arrow kibiya wakiltar yankin flg - Bambancin kibiya - Black MLG yana wakiltar yankin NGRE, kibiya ta hannu yana wakiltar yankin NGRE, kibiya Magenta tana wakiltar gunkin.
An bincika tsarin sunadarai na girma da kuma aka canza shi da X-ray Photoekon Spectroscopy (XPS) (Fig. 4). An lura da ganiya mai rauni a cikin m spectra (Fig. 4A, B), mai dacewa da sub- da BS-NGFs (Niag). Babu wani kololuwa a cikin metin da aka auna a cikin karkara na fs- da BS-NGF / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2 na BS-NGF / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2 na BS-NgF / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2ateaukaka. Figures 4d-f ya nuna babban abin da ke cikin C 1 s, o 1 s da kuma matakan makamashi na FS-NGF / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio. Mai daurin kai na C 1 S na hoto ne 284.4 EV53.54. Tsarin layi na kololuwan kololuwar zane-zane ana ɗaukarsa zama asymmetrial, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 4D54. Babban matakin-ƙuduri mai girman kai na c 1 s bakan (Fig. 4D) ya tabbatar da sharan adanawa (watau, babu wasu ragowar polymer), wanda ya yi daidai da karatun da suka gabata. The linewidths of the C 1 s spectra of the freshly grown sample (NiAG) and after transfer are 0.55 and 0.62 eV, respectively. Wadannan dabi'un sun fi na slg (0.49 Ev for for slg a kan sio2 subrate) 38. Koyaya, waɗannan dabi'u sun karami fiye da layin layin da aka ba da rahoton Pyrobytic a baya ga samfuran graphent samfurori (~ 0.75 Ev) 53,54,55, yana nuna rashin rauni carbon a cikin kayan yanzu. C 1 s da O 1 s kashi ɗaya Speccra suma kuma ya rasa kafadu, kawar da bukatar koli mai tsauri. Akwai π → π * Peak na tauraron dan adam kusa da 291.1 EV, wanda yawanci ana lura da shi a cikin samfuran zane-zane. The 103 EV da 532.5 Alamar ES a cikin si 23 da O 1 s Core matakin Speccra (duba Fig. 4e, F) an danganta shi da SiO2 56, bi da bi. XPs dabara ce mai hankali, saboda haka siginar ta dace da Ni da Sio2 sun gano kafin kuma bayan canja wuri na NGF, bi da bi da su ne su samo asali ne daga yankin FlG. An lura da irin wannan sakamakon da aka tura don wadatattun samfuran BS-NGF (ba a nuna ba).
Sakamakon binciken XPS: (AC) Binciken zayyana na atomic compositions na girma fts-NGF / BS-NGF / Sio2 / Sio, bi da bi. (D-F) Specturitionaddamar da babban ƙudurin core matakan C 1 s, o 1s da si 2p na FS-NGF / Samfurin Samfurin Samfuran FS-NGF / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2 / Sio2.
Gaskiyar ingancin lu'ulu'u da aka canzawa ana tantance amfani da lu'ulu'u na NGF ta amfani da bambancin X-ray (XRD). Halitaccen tsari na XRD (Fig. Si8) Canja wurin FS- da BS-NGF / Sio2 0 4) da (0 0 4) a 26.7 °, mai kama da hoto. . Wannan yana tabbatar da ingancin nGF na NGF kuma ya dace da nesa na D = 0.335 nm, wanda aka kiyaye bayan canja wuri. Ifin girman yadudduka (0 0 0 2) yana da kusan sau 30 cewa daga cikin rarrabuwar kawuna (0 0 0 4), yana nuna cewa jirgin saman NGF Crystal ne tare da samfurin NGF Crystal da samfurin.
Dangane da sakamakon SEM, Raman Spectroscopy, XPs da Xrd, ingancin BS-NGF / NGF / Ni, kodayake RMS ta yi kadan ne (adadi na Si2, si7) da si7) da si7) da si7).
Slingon tare da yadudduka polymer har zuwa 200 nm lokacin farin ciki na iya iyo kan ruwa. Ana amfani da wannan saitin a cikin polymer mai amfani da kayan aikin polymer22,38. Graphene da zane zane ne na ruwa (rigar rigar ruwa 80-90 °) 57. An yuwu yiwuwar saman makamashi biyu duka graphene da flg sun zama mai lebur sosai, tare da ƙananan ƙarfin ƙarfin (~ 1 KJ / Mol) don motsi na ruwa a saman58. Koyaya, da ƙididdigar mai amfani da ruwa tare da graphene da yadudduka uku na graphene suna da kusan - 13 kuma - 15 da bidicy, 58 bi da, sau 500) yana da ƙananan idan aka kwatanta da Graphene. Wannan na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da yasa aka sake yin haske a saman ruwa, yayin da suke da tsararren ruwa) curls sama da kuma karya ƙasa. Lokacin da aka nutsar da NGF gaba ɗaya cikin ruwa (sakamakon iri ɗaya ne don m da lebur ngf), gefuna na lanƙwasa (adadi SI4). Game da cikakken nutsewa, ana tsammanin cewa makamashin hulɗa na ruwa ya kusan ninka biyu (idan aka kwatanta da na iyalai) kuma da gefuna na NGF). Mun yi imani cewa dabarun za a iya bunkasa don gujewa curling gefuna da NGFs. Hanya guda hanya shine don amfani da hadewar gauraye don daidaita amsawa ta hanyar fim ɗin zane mai hoto59.
Canja wurin slg zuwa nau'ikan substates ta hanyar sauya hanyoyin canja wuri an riga an ruwaito. An yarda da wannan rauni Van Der Waalal Sojan wasan Vanals / Sio38,41,42, Sicibrates (a42,41, SiCbon Films 200, 34 ko subber fina-finai kamar polyimide 37). Anan mun ɗauka cewa hulɗa na nau'in guda ɗaya. Ba mu kiyaye wani lalacewa ko peeling na NGF na kowane ɗayan subbital da aka gabatar a nan a cikin injin da / ko yanayin da ke cikin gida ko lokacin ajiya ba (misali, adadi 2, si7 da si9). Bugu da kari, ba mu kiyaye wani sandar Sic a cikin bakan XPS C 1 na matakin babban matakin matakin NGF / Sio2 / SI samfurin (Fig. 4). Wadannan sakamakon suna nuna cewa babu haɗin sunadarai tsakanin ngf da kuma manufa substrate.
A cikin sashin da ya gabata, "Polymer-canja wurin FS- da BS-NGF," Mun nuna cewa NGF na iya girma da canja wuri a bangarorin nickel tsare. Wadannan fs-NGFs da BS-NGFs ba su da ma'ana dangane da rarrabuwar kawuna, wanda ya sa mu bincika aikace-aikacen da suka dace ga kowane nau'in.
La'akari da fassarar da aka fassara kuma ya taurare na FS-NGF, munyi nazarin tsarin gida, kaddarorin lantarki a cikin ƙarin daki-daki. An nuna tsarin da tsarin FS-NGF ba tare da canja wurin polymer ba ta hanyar watsa Ullyron (TEM) da zaɓaɓɓen bincike na yanki na lantarki (an ajiye) tsarin bincike. Sakamakon da ake dacewa yana nuna a cikin Hoto na 5. Lower low Tsarin Tsara Tsararren Tafiyar Tafiyar NGF da Dare iri tare da Contest Contsron, bi da bi (Fign. Fim na gaba daya yana nuna kyawawan halaye na inji da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin yankuna daban-daban na NGF kuma flg, wanda kuma ya kasance mai yawan tashin hankali (Hoto na 3) da kuma nazarin TEM (Hoto na 5c-e). Musamman, a cikin siffa 5D yana nuna tsarin gada a cikin mafi girman sashi na 5D), wanda ya ƙunshi graphene Layer tare da nisa na 51. Abubuwan da ke ciki tare da jerfan taɗi na 0.33 ± 0.01 ana ci gaba da raguwa da yawa na graphene a cikin yankin Hoto na 5 D).
Plantar Tem Hoto na polymer-free niag samfurin nigon: (a, b) manyan yankuna iri daban-daban a cikin kwamor-a da kuma silsificationungiyoyi masu girma-guda alama alama ce ta launi iri ɗaya. Kungiyoyi masu ɗora a cikin bangarori a kuma C suna nuna wuraren lalacewa a cikin jeri na katako. (F-I) a cikin bangarori A zuwa C, an adana alamu daban-daban a yankuna daban-daban ana nuna shi ta shuɗi, casan, lemo, da kuma ja.
Tsarin kintinkiri a cikin Hoto na 5C Nunin 5C (alama tare da kibiya ja) Orientation na tsaye daga cikin jirage (insira a cikin adadi na 5C) saboda yawan fina-finai ba a sani ba kiwon ruwa (inda yake cikin siffa A karkashin babban tsari t tre, wadannan abubuwan nano biyu sun nuna wani yanki daban daban daban da sauran yankin NGF; Al'adar jirage na zane-zane na zane-zane suna daidaita kusan a tsaye, maimakon a kwance kamar sauran fim ɗin (insit a cikin Hoto na 5C). Hakanan, yanki na flg lokaci lokaci-lokaci yana bayyana layi da kunkuntar fannoni (alamar da kifayen shuɗi), wanda ya bayyana a ƙarancin girma da kuma matsakaiciyar girma a cikin Figures 5B, 5e, bi da bi. A cikin Hoto na 5e yana tabbatar da kasancewar yadudduka biyu- uku-Layer 0.33 ± NM), wanda yake cikin kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da sakamakonmu na baya30. Bugu da ƙari, rikodin hotunan hotunan polymer-free ngf wanda aka canja shi a kan gilashin jan ƙarfe tare da fina-finai mai kyau (bayan aiwatar da ma'auni na Lacy (bayan yana aiwatar da ma'aunin Top-View) an nuna a cikin hoto Si9. Yankin da aka dakatar da shi FlG (alama da kifayen shuɗi) da yanki mai karye a cikin Hoto Si9f. An gabatar da kibiya mai launin shuɗi (a gefen da aka tura NGF) don nuna cewa yankin Flg na iya tsayayya da aikin canja wuri ba tare da polymer ba. A taƙaice, waɗannan hotunan sun tabbatar da cewa wani yanki na dakatarwa (gami da yanki mai ɗorewa da kuma bayyanar da hankali zuwa manyan matakai yayin daidaitawa na tem da kuma ma'auni na Sem (adadi Si9).
Saboda kyakkyawan lebur na NGF (duba Hoto na 5a), ba shi da wuya a gina flakes tare da [0001] don nazarin tsarin yankin [0001] don nazarin tsarin ajiya. Ya danganta da kauri na cikin fim da wurin da yake, yankuna da yawa na sha'awa (maki 12) an gano maki 12 don binciken rikicewar lantarki. A cikin misalai 5a-c, hudu daga cikin wadannan nau'ikan yankuna suna nuna kuma alama da launuka masu launi (shuɗi, code, da ja coded). Lambobi 2 da 3 don yanayin Saed. Figures 5f and g were obtained from the FLG region shown in Figures 5 and 5. As shown in Figures 5b and c, respectively. Suna da tsarin hexagonal mai kama da graphe63. Musamman, Hoto na 5F yana nuna ƙayyadaddun abubuwa uku masu taushi tare da daidaiton yanki na [0001 da 20 °, kamar yadda dalilai na ° da (10-10). Hakazalika, Hoto na 5G yana nuna alamu biyu masu santsi sun juya da 20 °. Groupsungiyoyi biyu ko uku na tsarin hexagonal a cikin yankin flg na iya tasowa daga jirgin sama uku cikin jirgin sama ko kuma farfado da yadudduka. Da bambanci, tsarin lantarki a cikin Hoto na 5h, na (mai dacewa da yankin NGF wanda aka nuna a cikin Hoto mafi girma, mai dacewa da mafi girman kauri. Waɗannan samfuran da aka ajiye suna dacewa da tsarin hoto da ke ɓoye da flg, kamar yadda inferins ɗin da ke cikin NGF ya bayyana cewa haɗuwa ta biyu ko uku (ko graphene). Menene abin lura musamman a yankin flg shine cewa crystallites suna da takamaiman matakin cikin jirgin sama ko na sama-sama. Abubuwan da aka yiwa zane-zane / yadudduka tare da kusurwar jirgin sama na 17 °, 22 ° kuma 25 ° an ba da rahoto ga NGF girma akan fina-finai 64. Halittar juyawa a cikin wannan binciken sun yi daidai da wannan binciken da aka lura da shi a baya don an lura da su a baya (IM 1 °) don murkushe Blog63 graphene.
Abubuwan kadarorin lantarki na NGF / Sio2 / Si an auna a 300 k a kan wani yanki na 10 × 3 mm2. Halittar da mai ɗaukar hankali na consron, motsi da kuma aiki suna 1.6 cm-3, 220 cm2 v-1 cm2 v-1, bi-cm-1, bi da bi-1. Dalibin motsi da kuma aikata namu na NGF suna kama da zane-zane na halitta, kuma sun fi ta amfani da kasuwanci sosai da aka daidaita da Pyrolytic zane-zane (an samar da shi a 3000 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 ° C) 29 Darajojin jigilar kayayyaki masu kayatarwa sune umarni biyu na manyan fina-finai (7.25 ° CM-3) don fina-finai na Micron-lokacin farin ciki zane (3200 ° C) zanen polyimide 20.
Mun kuma aikata ma'aunai mai bayyanawa na UV-bayyane akan FS-NGF canjawa zuwa quadz substrates (Hoto na 6). A sakamakon bakan gizo yana nuna kusan canjin canjin kashi 62% a cikin kewayon 180-800 nm, yana nuna cewa NGF tana da amfani da haske. A zahiri, ana iya ganin sunan "Kaust" a cikin hoton dijital a cikin siffa 6b. Kodayake tsarin Nanocrystalline ya bambanta da na slg, yawan yadudduka ana iya kiyasta amfani da hakkin watsa 2.3% Layer65. Dangane da wannan dangantakar, yawan yadudduka ramoda tare da asarar 38% na 128 girma NGF, watau kusan 100 nm lokacin farin ciki (Fig. 1, si5 da si7). Sabili da haka, muna ɗauka cewa, bayyananniya na bayyanar gaskiya ya dace da yankuna na flg da MLG, tunda ana rarraba su a cikin fim ɗin (ɓaure. 1, 3 da 6c. Baya ga bayanan da ke cikin tsari na sama, gudanarwa da kuma fassarar da kuma tabbatar da ingancin kukan lu'ulu'u da aka canja hanyar NGF.
(A) A) Canja wurin Bayanai na UV, (b) Canja wurin NGF na yau da kullun akan ma'adanai na amfani da samfurin wakilci. (C) Schematic na NGF (akwatin duhu) tare da rarraba flg da MLG Yankuna a cikin samfurin bazuwar (kimanin 1) (kimanin yanki 1). Girman da bazuwar da masu girma a cikin zane suna don dalilai na misalin kawai kuma ba su dace da ainihin wuraren ba.
An yi amfani da CVD ta hanyar CVD da CVD da aka tura don ta bata saman silicon kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin sel na rana15,16. A sakamakon ikon Canja wurin Wuta (PCE) shine 1.5%. Wadannan NGFs suna yin ayyuka da yawa kamar suɗaɗɗen shimfidar wuri, suna cajin hanyoyin sufuri, da kuma mayaƙuwar hanyoyin shiga .5,16. Koyaya, fim ɗin zane mai hoto ba daidaituwa bane. Inganta ingantawa ya zama dole ta hanyar sarrafa takardar juriya da kuma taplit na lantarki, tunda waɗannan kaddarorin biyu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance PCE darajar sel115,16. Yawanci, fina-finai na 97.7% m zuwa haske mai bayyane, amma suna da juriya na 200-3000 ohms / sq.16. Za'a iya rage girman fina-finai na graphene fina-finai ta ƙara yawan adadin yadudduka (da yawa na graphene na graphene) da kuma doping tare da hno3 (~ 30 ohm / sq.) 66. Koyaya, wannan tsari yana ɗaukar dogon lokaci kuma yadudduka daban-daban ba koyaushe suna kula da lamba mai kyau ba. Bakinmu na gaba na ngf yana da kaddarorin kamar yadda ake gudanar da 2000 s / cm, takardar fim, tsayayya da 50 ohm / sq. da kuma kashi 62%, sanya shi mai yiwuwa ga tashoshin gudanar da tallace-tallace ko kuma electrodes a cikin sel na rana15,16.
Kodayake tsarin sunadarai na BS-NGF sun yi kama da FS-NGF, Hadnance ta ya bambanta ("haɓaka FS- da BS-NGF"). A baya can, muna amfani da zane-zanen fim ɗin ɗumi22 azaman mai haskakawa mai. Sabili da haka, mun gwada yiwuwar amfani da BS-NGF don aikin gas na gas (hoto Si10). Da farko, mm2-sized an canja shi daga BS-NGF an canja shi a kan hanyar firikwensin firikwensin na lantarki (Halin Si1ea-C). Masana'antu na guntu an riga an ruwaito; Yankin da yake aiki mai mahimmanci shine 9 mm267. A cikin hotunan sem (Hoto Si10b da C), masu lalata zinari a bayyane suke ta hanyar NGF. Haka kuma, ana iya ganin cewa an sami ɗaukar hoto na daidaituwa don kowane samfurori. An yi rikodin gas na kayan gas na gas daban-daban (Fig. Si11) da kuma sakamakon amsa da aka nuna a cikin ɓaƙewa. Si10g. Likely with other interfering gases including SO2 (200 ppm), H2 (2%), CH4 (200 ppm), CO2 (2%), H2S (200 ppm) and NH3 (200 ppm ). Dalili mai yiwuwa ba shine2 ba. yanayin lantarki na gas22,68. A lokacin da adsorbed a farfajiya na graphene, yana rage sha na wutan lantarki ta tsarin. A kwatanta bayanan lokacin amsawa na BS-NGF firikwensin tare da na'urori masu amfani da aka buga a baya an gabatar da su a Table Si2. Hanyar sake kunna na'urorin NGF ta amfani da NGF na'urori na UV, O3 Plasma ko Thermal (50-150 ° C) Labaran da aka fallasa shi, da kyau aiwatar da tsarin da aka saka tare da su.
A yayin aiwatar da CVD, ci gaba na Graphene yana faruwa a garesu a ɓangarorin da ke tattare da kuɗaɗe41. Koyaya, BS-Graphene yawanci ana fitar da shi ne yayin aiwatar da tsari41. A cikin wannan binciken, mun nuna cewa haɓakar NGF mai inganci da Canja wurin NGF kyauta akan bangarorin mai kara kuzari. BS-NGF mai bakin ciki ne (~ 80 nm) fiye da FS-NGF (~ 100 NGF), kuma gaskiyar an yi bayani ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa BS-NI ba a bayyana kai tsaye ga gas mai gudana ba. Mun kuma gano cewa m officiption subing yana tasiri ga girman NGF. Wadannan sakamakon suna nuna cewa ana iya amfani da Shirin Pastar Fs-NGF a matsayin kayan aiki na graphene (ta hanyar fitar da hanyar da ke cikin sel na rana15,16. Da bambanci, BS-NGF za a yi amfani da shi don gano gas (Fig. Si9) kuma mai yiwuwa ga tsarin ajiya na makamashi71,72 inda farfajiya ta makamashi71,72 inda saman ƙarfinsa zai zama da amfani.
La'akari da abubuwan da ke sama, yana da amfani a hada aikin yanzu tare da CVD mai hoto da CVD da amfani da kayan aikin nickel. Kamar yadda za a iya gani a Tebur 2, babbar matsin lamba da muka yi amfani da ita ta hanyar dauki lokaci (matakin girma) ko da a cikin yanayin zafi (a cikin kewayon 850-1300 ° C). Mun kuma cimma girma mafi girma fiye da yadda aka saba, yana nuna yiwuwar fadada. Akwai wasu dalilai don tunani, wasu daga cikin abin da muka haɗa cikin tebur.
NGF mai inganci sau biyu na NGF ya girma a kan nickel tsare ta hanyar CLALYTIC CVD. Ta hanyar kawar da polymer na gargajiya (kamar waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin CVD graphene), muna samun tsaftace-tsafi-tsaftacewa da ɓangarorin Nickel (girma a baya da kuma gaban ɓangarorin subes. Gaba, ngf ya haɗa da flg da MLG yankuna (yawanci 0.1% zuwa 3% a cikin 100 μm2) waɗanda aka haɗa su da kyau a cikin fim ɗin Thicker. Tsarin tre ya nuna cewa wadannan yankuna sun hada da karafa na hoto biyu zuwa uku / gareni ko yadudduka, wasu daga cikinsu suna da rashin daidaituwa na 10-20 °. Gasar flG da MLG suna da alhakin faɗar FS-NGF zuwa hasken gani. Amma ga zanen gado, ana iya ɗaukar su layi ɗaya zuwa zanen gado kuma, kamar yadda aka nuna, na iya samun manufa mai aiki (alal misali, don gano gas). Wadannan karatun suna da amfani sosai don rage sharar gida da farashi a masana'antar CVD na masana'antu.
Gabaɗaya, matsakaicin kauri na CVD NGF ya ta'allaka tsakanin (low- da Multi-Layer) graphene da masana'antu (micrometer) zanen gado. Yankin kaddarorinsu masu ban sha'awa, a haɗe shi da hanya mai sauƙi da muka inganta don samarwa da jigilar kayayyaki, ba tare da biyan waɗannan fina-finai ba saboda amfani da masana'antar masana'antu a halin yanzu ana amfani da su.
A 25-μm-lokacin farin ciki nickel tsare (99.5% tsarkakakke) aka shigar a cikin wani kasuwanci CVD reacro). An tsarkake tsarin tare da Argon kuma an cire shi zuwa matsin lamba na matsin lamba 10-3. Sannan an sanya nickel foil. A cikin AR / H2 (bayan an gabatar da cikakkiyar hanyar da matsin lamba 500 a 900 cm3 kowannensu) na 40 ° C (100 cm3 kowannensu) na 40 ° C (100 cm3 kowannensu) na 40 ° C (100 cm3 kowannensu) na 40 ° C (100 cm3 kowannensu) na 40 ° C (100 cm3 kowannensu) na 40 ° CH wani wuri a30.
Samfurin duniya na samfurin an hango shi ta hanyar SEM ta amfani da Azen Merlin Micrulpe (1 KV, 50 pa). An auna samfurin girman kai da ngf wanda aka auna ta amfani da AFM (Digina Icon Spm, Broker). An aiwatar da ma'aunin tem da kuma an yi amfani da ma'aunin Fidan 80-300 cubed microscamomator da Shugaba na ENESECICACE mai ladabi don samun sakamako na ƙarshe. Rarraba Spatial 0.09 NM. An canja samfur samfurori zuwa Carbon Lacy Coarfin Coars Coated grids don flating mai nuna alama da bincike na adana. Saboda haka, yawancin samfurin ana dakatar da su a cikin pores na membrane membrane membrane. Xrd na NGF sun bincika xrd. An samo ka'idojin kwamfuta X-Ray ta amfani da foda mai ɗorewa (Bruper, D2 Dasulan Dandalin CU Kα, 1.5418 Å da Lynxeye tushen tushen 3 mm.
An yi rikodin ma'aunin Raman da yawa ta amfani da haɗarin microccal Vistrape (alpha 300 RA, Wibeti). An yi amfani da karancin iko na 532 tare da karancin wulakanci (25%) don guje wa sakamakon sakamako na thermally. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed on a Kratos Axis Ultra spectrometer over a sample area of 300 × 700 μm2 using monochromatic Al Kα radiation (hν = 1486.6 eV) at a power of 150 W. Resolution spectra were obtained at transmission energies of 160 eV and 20 eV, respectively. Ana yankewa samfuran NGF a cikin Sio2 a cikin guda (3 × 10 MM2 kowane) ta amfani da PSLWW (1.06 μm) sun ƙirƙira kayan masarufi (3 μm lokacin farin ciki) ya ƙirƙira amfani da manna a ƙarƙashin wani microscope na yau da kullun. Ana aiwatar da sufurin lantarki da gwaje-gwajen da aka aiwatar akan waɗannan samfurori a cikin 300 k da bambancin filin Magnetic na II (PPMS Evercool-II, Quantum dabara, Amurka). Rahoton UV-Excra an yi rikodin ta amfani da Lambda 950 UV Spectrophotometeretometer a cikin 35000 NGF kewayon da aka canja zuwa ma'adanai na Albani.
An fitar da gurasar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (mai lura da guntu na lantarki) ya wallafa a cikin Custom wanda aka buga Gabas 73 da juriya aka siyar da juriya a hankali. An saka na'urar da na'urar wacce aka haɗa da na'urar ta hanyar rawar da aka sa a cikin kamun gas don share fage ta gas zuwa. An tsabtace majalisa da farko waɗanda aka tsarkake shi da nitrogen a 200 cm3 na 1 hour don tabbatar da cire duk sauran sauran sauran sauran sauran sauran sauran sauran sauran sauran sauran sauran waɗanda ke cikin ɗakin, ciki har da danshi. A sannu a hankali aka bincika a hankali a sannu a cikin ɗakin a cikin adadin irin gudummawa iri ɗaya ta CM3 ta rufe silinda na N2.
An buga sigar bita na wannan labarin kuma ana iya samun isa ta hanyar hanyar haɗi a saman labarin.
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