Ngiyabonga ngokuvakashela imvelo.com. Uhlobo lwesiphequluli osisebenzisayo lunokusekelwa kwe-CSS okukhawulelwe. Ngomuzwa omuhle kakhulu, sincoma ukuthi usebenzise isiphequluli esibuyekeziwe (noma khubaza imodi yokuhambisana ne-Internet Explorer). Okwamanje, ukuqinisekisa ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo, sizonikela ngesiza ngaphandle kwezitayela kanye ne-javascript.
Kulomsebenzi, ama-RGO / NZVI ahlanganisiwe ahlanganiswe okokuqala esebenzisa inqubo elula nenemvelo esebenzisa i-Sophora ephuzi leqabunga njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa i-agents kanye ne-stabilizer, ukuvumelanisa okuncane kwamakhemikhali. Amathuluzi amaningana asetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo kwama-composites, anjenge-SEM, EDX, XPS, XRD, i-FTX, kanye ne-Zeta amandla, akhombisa ukwakheka okuphumelelayo. Umthamo wokususa wezinhlanganisela zenoveli kanye ne-NZVI emsulwa ekugxilweni okuhlukahlukene kwe-antibiotic doxycycline kuqhathaniswa nokuphenya umphumela we-synergistic phakathi kweRO ne-NZVI. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokususa ze-25mg l-1, 25 ° C no-0.05g, isilinganiso sokususa ama-adsorptive esihlanzekile se-NZVI sasingama-90%, ngenkathi i-adsorptive yokususa composite ye-doxycycline ifinyelele ku-94.6%, okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-NZVI ne-RGI. Inqubo ye-adsorption ihambelana ne-oda le-pseudo-sesibili futhi livumelana kahle nemodeli ye-freundlich enekhono eliphakeme kakhulu le-adsorption lama-31.61 mg g-1 ku-PH 7. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwe-RGO / NZVI Composite kwakungu-60% ngemuva kwemijikelezo eyisithupha elandelanayo yokuvuselela.
Ukuswelakala kwamanzi nokungcola manje sekuyingozi enkulu kuwo wonke amazwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi ukungcoliswa kwama-antibiotic, kukhule ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okwengeziwe kanye nokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi se-covid-19 pandemie1,2,3. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo bokuqedwa kwama-antibiotics emanzini angcolile kuwumsebenzi ophuthumayo.
Enye ye-antibiotic ye-semi-zokwenziwa ye-semi-zokwenziwa kusuka ku-tetracycline Group yi-doxycycline (DC) 4,5. Kubikwe ukuthi izinsalela ze-DC emanzini aphansi komhlaba nakumanzi angaphezulu akwazi ukuhlukaniswa, ama-20-50% kuphela adedelwa futhi abanye bakhishwe emvelweni, babangela izinkinga ezinkulu zezemvelo nezempilo.
Ukuchayeka ku-DC emazingeni aphansi kungabulala ama-aquatic photosrynththetic microorganisms, kusongele ukusakazeka kwamagciwane aphikisanayo, futhi kwandise ukumelana nokulwa namagciwane, ngakho-ke lokhu kungcola kufanele kususwe emanzini amdaka. Ukuwohloka kwemvelo kwe-DC emanzini kuyinqubo ehamba kancane kakhulu. Izinqubo zamakhemikhali ze-Physico ezifana ne-Photolysis, i-biodeGradation kanye ne-adsorption zingahlehlisa kuphela ekugxilweni okuphansi nasemareshini aphansi kakhulu7,8. Kodwa-ke, okuzotholwa kakhulu, okulula, okungokwemvelo, okulula ukubhekana nokuphatha ngendlela ephumelelayo yi-adsorption9,10.
I-Nano Zero Valent Iron Iron (NZVI) iyinto enamandla kakhulu engasusa ama-antibiotic amaningi emanzini, kufaka phakathi iMetronidazole, Diazepam, Chlorafloxacin, ChloracycHline. Leli khono kungenxa yezakhiwo ezimangalisayo ze-NZVI ezinazo, ezinjengobuntu obuphezulu, indawo enkulu engaphezulu, kanye namasayithi amaningi abopha angaphandle11. Kodwa-ke, i-NZVI ithambekele ekuhlanganiseni kwabezindaba zamanzi ngenxa ye-van der Wells kanye nezindawo eziphakeme zamabuthe, zehlisa ukusebenza kwayo ekususeni izinto ezingcolile ngenxa yokwakheka kwezendlalelo ze-NZVI10,12. I-agglomeration yezinhlayiya ze-NZVI ingancishiswa ngokushintsha ingaphezulu yazo ngama-surfactants nama-polymers noma ngokuwahlanganisa namanye ama-nanomatadium ngendlela yezinkomo, okufakazelwe ukuthi kuyindlela esebenzayo yokuqina ukuze athuthukise ukuqina kwawo ku-Imvelo13,14.
I-Graphene iyi-carbon enezinhlangothi ezimbili ezihlanganisa ama-athomu e-carbon--ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisiwe ahlelwe ku-honeycomb lattice. Inendawo enkulu engaphezulu, amandla aphezulu emishini, umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-elektroliki, ukuhambisa okuphezulu, ukuhamba okusheshayo kwe-elektroni, kanye nezinto ezithwala izimpahla ezifanele zokuxhasa ama-nanoparticles angaphansi kwawo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-nanoparticles wensimbi kanye ne-graphene kungadlula kakhulu izinzuzo zomuntu ngamunye wezinto ngakunye futhi, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziphakeme ngokomzimba nangokomzimba, zinikeza ukusatshalaliswa kahle kwama-nanoparticles ukuthola ama-nanoparticles asebenza kahle kwamanzi.
Izitsha zezitshalo zingenye indlela engcono kakhulu kuma-ejenti wokunciphisa amakhemikhali alimazayo asetshenziswa kakhulu ku-graphene oxide (rgo) kanye ne-nzvi ngoba abizi, futhi angasetshenziswa njengokunciphisa ama-ejenti. Njengama-flavonoids kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-phenolic nazo zisebenza njenge-stabilizer. Ngakho-ke, i-Atriplex Halimus L. Leaf Extract isetshenziswe njenge-ejenti yokulungisa nokuvala ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlanganisela ze-rgo / NZVI kulolu cwaningo. I-Atriplex Halimus evela emndenini amaranthaceae iyisihlahlana sothando sothando se-nitrogen esinohlobo olubanzi lwe-geographic rade16.
Ngokwezincwadi ezikhona, i-atriplex halimus (A. Halimus) yaqala ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-rgo / NZVI ahlanganisa njengendlela enobungane nemvelo yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, inhloso yalo msebenzi iqukethe izingxenye ezine: (1) phytosynthesis we-rgo / 3) ama-nzvi akhishwe ama-a. halimus accosites ekhishwe nge-rgo ne-nzvi ku-adsorption nokususwa kwezinto ezingcolisiwe ze I-Doxycycycline antibiotics ngaphansi kwamapharamitha okuphendula ahlukene, yenza kahle imibandela yenqubo ye-adsorption, (3) uphenye ngezinto zokwelashwa ezinhlanganisela ekwelashweni okuqhubekayo ngemuva komjikelezo oqhubekayo.
Doxycycline hydrochloride (DC, MM = 480.90, iFomula yamakhemikhali C22h24n2o · hcl, 98h%), i-Iron Chloride hexahydrate (Fecl3.6h2o, i-graphite powder), i-graphite powder), i-graphite powder), i-graphite powder), e-USA. I-Sodium Hydroxide (Naoh, 97%), i-Ethanol (C2HHOL, 99.9%) neHydrochloric acid (HCL, 37%) bathengwa kusuka eMerck, e-USA. I-NACL, KCL, CACL2, iMncl2 neMgcl2 bathengwa kusuka kuTianjin Comio Chemical Chemical Reagent Co, Ltd. Onke ama-reagents anobumsulwa obuphezulu bokuhlaziya. Kwasetshenziswa amanzi aphukile asetshenzisiwe ukulungiselela zonke izisombululo ezinamanzi.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-A. Halimus ziqoqwe endaweni yazo yemvelo eNayile Delta kanye namazwe ogwini lwaseMedithera waseGibhithe. Izimpahla zezitshalo zaqoqwa ngokuya ngemihlahlandlela kazwelonke neyamazwe aphesheya yezwe. UProf. Manal Faawzi ukhombe izinhlobo zezitshalo ngokusho kweBoulos18, kanye noMnyango Wezesayensi Yezemvelo ye-Alexandria University agunyaza ukuqoqwa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezifundwayo ngezinjongo zesayensi. Izampuli zesampula zibanjelwe eTanta University Herbarium (Tane), i-Vouchers Nos. 14 122-14 127, i-herbarium yomphakathi enikeza ukufinyelela kwezinto ezifakiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ususe uthuli noma ukungcola, usike amaqabunga esitshalo kube yizicucu ezincane, hlamba amahlandla ama-3 ngempompi nangamanzi anciphile, bese womile ku-50 ° C. Lesi sitshalo sasichobozekile, 5 g we-powder elungile sacwiliswa ku-100 ml wamanzi ancishisiwe futhi sashukumisa ku-70 ° C imizuzu engama-20 ukuthola i-extract. Ukukhishwa okutholwe kwe-bacillus nicotianae kuhlungwa iphepha lokuhlunga lomsebenzi futhi kugcinwe kumashubhu ahlanzekile futhi inzalo ku-4 ° C ukuze kusetshenziswe okunye.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 1, ukuhamba kwenziwa kusuka ku-graphite powder ngendlela eguquliwe ye-humurs. I-10 mg ye-GO powder yahlakazwa ngo-50 ml wamanzi aphonswe ngamamitha angama-30 ngaphansi kwe-sonication, bese kuthi u-0.9 g we-Fecl3 no-2.9 g ka-NANAC bahlanganiswa amaminithi angama-60. I-20 ml ye-atriplex leaf extract yengezwe kwikhambi elishukumisayo ngokuvusa nakwesobunxele ku-80 ° C amahora angama-8. Ukumiswa okumnyama okuholela kwahlungwa. AmaNanocomos alungiselelwe agezwa nge-ethanol nama-bidistollill amanzi abese omiswe kuhhavini we-vacuum ku-50 ° C amahora ayi-12.
Izithombe ezinhle kakhulu nezidijithali zokuhlanganiswa okuluhlaza kwe-RGO / NZVI ne-NZVI izakhiwo kanye nokususwa kwe-DC antibiotics kusuka emanzini angcolile usebenzisa i-atriplex halimus extract.
Kafushane, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Fig. 1, 10 ml yesixazululo sensimbi ye-chloride equkethe u-0.05 m FE3 + i-ions yangezwa i-15,000 RPM (i-hermle, i-15,000 Rpm) yokufaka amahlane amnyama nge-ethanol kanye namanzi anciphile bese yomiswa kuhhavini we-vacuum ku-60 ° C. ubusuku bonke.
Ama-composites we-RGO / NZVI nama-NZVI nama-NZVI abonakaliswa yi-UV-ebonakalayo Spectroscopy (T70 / T80 UV / VITS Spectrophotometer, PG Amathuluzi Ltd, UK), i-UK) ekwakhekeni okuskena kwama-200-800 nm. Ukuhlaziya ukwabiwa kwe-topography kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi we-RGO / NZVI kanye nama-NZVI Ukuhlola amaqembu asebenzayo angabandakanyeka ezitshalweni zezitshalo ezibhekele inqubo yokubuyisa kanye nokuzinza, kwenziwa i-PASCO Spectroscometer (i-Jasco Spectrometer enanini le-4000-600 cm-1). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Zeta Confice Analyzer (iZetasizer Nano zs Malvern) yayisetshenziselwa ukutadisha icala elingaphezulu kwama-nanomatadium asetshenzisiwe. Ngezilinganiso ze-X-RAY EXTRACTIONS zama-nanomatadium ayimpuphu, i-x'pert Pro, i-Netherlands) yayisetshenziswa, i-voltage (40 (\ lamboment radiation ( I-X-ray Spectrometer X-ray (EDX) (imodeli Jeol JSM-IT100) yayibhekele ukutadisha ukwakheka okuyisisekelo lapho i-ALK K-μm I-XPS, i-EV yamandla e-Al Alpha (i-EV Isampula ye-powder icindezelwe kumnikazi wesampula, ebekwe egumbini lokuphumula. I-C 1 s Spectrum yayisetshenziswa njengereferensi ngo-284.58 eV ukuthola amandla abophayo.
Kwenziwa izivivinyo ze-adsorption ukuhlola ukusebenza kwama-rgo / NZVI nanocompesposites asetshenzisiwe ekususeni i-doxycycline (DC) kusuka ezixazululweni zamanzi. Izivivinyo ze-Adsorption zenziwa ku-25 ML Erlenmeyer Flasks esivinini esinyakazisayo esingu-200 RPM ku-orbital Sheker (Stuart, e-Orbital Shaker / SSL1) ngo-298 kp) ngamanzi angama-198) anamanzi abhalwe phansi. Ukuhlola umphumela we-RGO / NSVI umthamo wokusebenza kahle kwe-adsortion, ama-nanocomos asebenza ngezinsimbi ezihlukile (0.01-0.07 g) angezwe ku-20 ml yesisombululo se-DC. Ukutadisha ama-kinetics kanye nama-adsorption istotherms, 0.05 g we-adsorbent egxishwe kwisisombululo esinamanzi se-CD ngokuhlushwa kwasekuqaleni (25-100 mg l-1). Umphumela we-PH ekususweni kwe-DC wafundwa ku-PH (3-11) kanye nokuhlushwa kokuqala kwe-50 mg l-1 ku-25 ° C. Lungisa i-PH yohlelo ngokungeza inani elincane le-HCL noma i-Naoh Solution (Imitha yeCrison PH, i-PH Imitha, PH 25). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithonya lokushisa lokuphendula ekuhlolweni kwe-adsorption ohlwini lwe-25-55 ° C yaphenywa. Umphumela wamandla we-Ionic kwinqubo ye-adsorption wafundwa ngokungeza ukugxila okuhlukahlukene kwe-NACL (0.01-4 mol l-1) eqoqweni lokuqala le-DC l-1, pH 3 no-7), 25 ° C, kanye ne-adsorbent umthamo ka-0.05 g. I-adsorption ye-DC engabhalwanga i-DC ilinganiswe kusetshenziswa i-UV ye-UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (T70 / T80 Spectrophomemeter (I-T70 / T80 Spectrophometer (UK) ifakwe ubude be-1.0 cm ubude be-quartz Ukususwa kwamaphesenti ama-DC antibiotic (R%; Eq. 1) nenani le-adsorption le-DC, QT, Eq. I-2 (mg / g) yalinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-equation elandelayo.
Lapho% R i-DC Ukususa umthamo (%), i-CO iyindlela yokuqala yokuhlushwa i-DC ngesikhathi 0, futhi c ukugxishwa kwe-DC ngesikhathi t, ngokulandelana (MG L-1).
Lapho i-QE inani le-DC adsorbed ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-adsorbent (MG G-1), i-CO ne-CE ukugxila ku-zero ngesikhathi se-zero naku-v-1)
Izithombe ze-sem (amakhiwane. 2a-C) Khombisa i-lamellar morphology ye-RGO / NZVI Composite nge-spherical iron nanoparticles efanelwe yi-NZVI NPS kuya ebusweni be-NZVI. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuneminye imibimbi ku-RGO Leaf, eqinisekisa ukususwa kwamaqembu aqukethe i-oksijini ngasikhathi sinye ngokubuyiselwa kwe-A. Halimus Go. Lawa ma-birdrings amakhulu asebenza njengamasayithi wokulayisha okusebenzayo kwe-Iron NPS. Izithombe ze-NZVI Ubukhulu bezinhlayiya buyehluka ngaphakathi kwe-15-26 nm. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifunda zine-morphology emuhle ngesakhiwo sama-bulges kanye nemithambo, enganikeza amandla aphezulu we-adsorption we-NZVI, ngoba angakhulisa amathuba okukhishwa kwama-molecule e-NZV. Lapho kukhishwa i-RosaMacos Damascos for synthesis ye-NZVI, i-NPS etholakele yayine-emmonogeneous, enamanzi kanye nobukhulu obuhlukile, obunciphise ukusebenza kwazo ku-CR (VI) ama-adsorption futhi akhuphule isikhathi sokuphendula 23. Imiphumela iyahambisana ne-NZVI synthesses kusuka kumaqabunga e-oak kanye ne-mulberry, okuyizindlela ezinama-nanopartics ahlukahlukene anamasayizi ahlukahlukene we-nanometer ngaphandle kwe-agglomeration ehlukile.
Izithombe ze-rgo / nzvi (ac), NZVI (D, E) amaphethini ama-composites kanye ne-EDX amaphethini we-NZVI / RGO (h) Composites.
Ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwe-RGO / NZVI kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-NZVI kufundwe kusetshenziswa i-EDX (Fig. 2G, H). Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-NZVI yakhiwa nge-carbon (38.29% nge-mass), umoya-mpilo (47.41% ngobuningi) nensimbi (11.84% ngobuningi), kepha ezinye izinto ezinjenge-phosphorus24 nazo zingatholakala, ezingatholakala, ezingatholakala ezitolo zezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphesenti aphezulu e-carbon ne-oxygen kungenxa yokuba khona kwama-phytochemicals kusuka ekukhishweni kwezitshalo ku-subsurface nzvi amasampula. Lezi zinto zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ku-RGO kepha ezikolweni ezahlukahlukene: C (39.16 wt%), Edx rgo / wt. I-CATS CAST C: O Isilinganiso kanye ne-Iron Composite ye-RGO / NZVI Usebenzisa i-A. Halimus ingcono kakhulu kunokusebenzisa i-eucalyptus leaf extract, njengoba kuphawula ukwakheka kwe-C (23.44 wt.%) No-Fe (8.27 wt.%). WT%) 25
I-morphology ye-NZVI yenziwe ngezitshalo (umdwebo we-s2a, b) yayingajwayelekile futhi ingajwayelekile, inesilinganiso esilinganiselwe sezinhlayiyana ezingama-23.09 ± ngenxa yamabutho we-van der Waals kanye ne-ferromagnetism. Lesi simo sezinhlayiyana esikhulu kakhulu nesindilinga sisivumelani kahle nemiphumela ye-SEM. Ukubukwa okufanayo kwatholakala nge-AbblalfAtah et al. Ngo-2021 lapho kufakwa i-castor beaf extract kusetshenziswe ku-zvi11. I-Rueberos Tuberosa Leave ekhipha i-NPS esetshenziswa njenge-ejenti encishisiwe eNZVI nayo inesimo esiyindilinga esinobubanzi obungama-20 kuye kwangama-40 nm26.
I-Hybrid RGO / NZVI composite tem izithombe (Umdwebo we-S2C Le Lamellar morphology ibuye iqinisekise ukuvela okuphumelelayo kwe-rgo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-NZVI NPS inesimo esiyindilinga esinosayizi wezinhlayiyana kusuka ku-5.32 kuya ku-27 nm futhi ifakwe ku-rater rate ecishe ibe ngu-raterity. Ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-Eucalyptus kusetshenziselwe ukuhlanganisa i-FE NPS / RGO; Imiphumela ye-TEM ibuye yaqinisekisa ukuthi imibimbi ku-ranger ye-ranger yathuthukisa ukuhlakazwa kwe-FE NPS ngaphezu kwe-FE NPS emsulwa. Imiphumela efanayo yatholakala ngu-bagheri et al. 28 Lapho umhlanganisi ekwakhekelwe kusetshenziswa amasu e-ultrasonic ngesayizi eliphakathi ne-nenoparticle eliphakathi kwe-17.70 NM.
I-FTIR Spectra ye-A. Halimus, NZVI, Go, RGO, kanye ne-RGO / NZVI Composites bakhonjiswa kumakhiwane. 3a. Ukuba khona kwamaqembu asebenzayo angaphezulu kwamaqabunga e-A. Halimus avela ku-3336 cm-1, ahambelana nama-polyphenols, kanye ne-1244 cm-1, ehambelana namaqembu e-carbonyl akhiqizwa amaprotheni. Amanye amaqembu afana nama-alkanes at 2918 cm-1, alkene ku-1647 Cm-1 kanye ne-co-O-CO Izandiso ngo-1030 cm Ngokuvamile, i-NZVI Spectra ikhombisa iziqongo ezifanayo zokuhlobisa njengoshukela omubi, kodwa ngesikhundla esiguquliwe. I-band kakhulu ivela ku-3244 cm-1 ihlotshaniswa nokudlidliza oh (ama-phenols), inani eliphakeme ku-1615 lihambelana ne-C = c, ama-band ngo-1546 kanye nama-amoups we-amoratic) I-1190 cm-1, ngokulandelana13. I-FTIR Spectrum of Go ikhombisa ukuba khona kwamaqembu amaningi aqukethe i-oksiging oxygen ephezulu kakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-alkoxy (co) ye-ALKOXY (CO) ye-ALKOXY (CO) ye-ALKOXY (CO) e-1041 cm-1, i-epoxy (co) ye-band yokwelula ngo-1291 cm-1, c = o ukwelula. Ibhendi ye-C = c yokudlidliza ye-C nge-1619 cm Uma uqhathanisa ama-composites we-RGO ne-RGO / NZVI nge-GO Spectra, ubukhulu bamaqembu athile aqukethe i-oksijini, njenga-oh ku-3270 cm-1, ancishiswe kakhulu, as 1729 cm-1, ancishisiwe ngokuphelele. wanyamalala, ekhombisa ukususwa okuphumelelayo kwamaqembu asebenza ngo-oksijini aqukethe ku-A. Halimus ekhishwe. Iziqongo ezintsha ezicijile ze-RGO ku-C = C Tension zibonwa cishe ngo-1560 no-1405 cm-1, okuqinisekisa ukuncishiswa kokuya ku-RO. Ukuhlukahluka kusuka ku-1043 kuye ku-1015 cm-1 futhi kusuka ku-982 kuya ku-918 cm-1 kwaqanjwa, mhlawumbe kungenxa yokufakwa kwezinto zezitshalo31,32. UWeng et al. 33.
A. I-FTIR Spectrum ye-Gallium, NZVI, RGO, Go, Composite RGO / NZVI (a). I-Roontgenegenegenegrammy Composites RGO, Go, NZVI neRGO / NZVI (B).
Ukwakheka kwe-RGO / NZVI kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-NZVI kuqinisekiswe kakhulu amaphethini wokuphazamiseka we-X-RAY (Fig. 3b). Inani eliphakeme le-Fe0 Fe0 Pe0 libhekwe ku-2 ɵ 44.5 °, elihambisana nenkomba (110) (JCPDS no. 06-0696) 11. Enye indawo ephakeme ku-35.1 ° ye-Magnetite Fe3o4, 63.2 ° ingahlotshaniswa ne-Miller Index yePlane (440) ngenxa yokuba khona kuka-υ-feooh (JCPDS no. 17-0536) 34. Iphethini ye-X-ray yokuhamba ikhombisa inani eliphakeme ku-2 10.3 ° kanti elinye inani eliphakeme ngo-21.1 Amaphethini ahlanganisiwe we-RGO ne-RGO / NZVI aqophe ukunyamalala kweziqongo ze-Go Roun kanye nokwakhiwa kwezimboni ze-RO RO 317 naku-24.7 ° nge-RGO ne-RGO / NZVI Kodwa-ke, ephethini le-ROCOSITE RGO / NZVI, iziqongo ezingezekile ezihambisana nendiza ye-lattice of Fe0 (110) kanye ne-BCC FE0 (200) zabonwa ngo-44.9 \ (^22 \ (\ \ cirk \ (ngokulandelana.
I-zeta engenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka kube phakathi kwengqimba ye-ionic enamathiselwe ebusweni bezinhlayiyana kanye nesisombululo esinamanzi esinquma ama-electrostatic impahla yezinto ezibonakalayo futhi ilinganise ukuqina kwayo37. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ZETA okungenzeka kwe-Synthesised NZVI, iya, futhi ama-romposites we-RGO / NZVI akhombise ukuqina kwawo ngenxa yokuba khona kwezindleko ezingezinhle ze--20.8,--2, kanye-27.4 mv, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso S1A-C. . Imiphumela enjalo ihambisana nemibiko eminingana ekhuluma ngokuthi izixazululo eziqukethe izinhlayiya ezinamanani angaba khona we-zeta ngaphansi kwe-25 MV ngokuvamile akhombisa ukuqina okuphezulu ngenxa yokuxoshwa kwama-electrostatic phakathi kwalezi zinhlayiya. Inhlanganisela ye-RGO ne-NZVI ivumela okuhlanganisiwe ukuthola izindleko ezingezinhle futhi ngenxa yalokho kunogqinsi oluphezulu kunalokho noma i-NZVI yedwa. Ngakho-ke, umkhathi wokuphindisela nge-elektromoni uzoholela ekwakhekeni kwama-composites ezinzile ze-rgo / NZVI39. Ubuso obubi bokuhamba buvumela ukuthi lihlakazeke ngokulinganayo esimisweni esisele ngaphandle kwe-agglomeration, esidala izimo ezinhle zokuxhumana ne-NZVI. Icala elibi lingahle lihlotshaniswe nokuba khona kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene asebenzayo ku-Bitter Melon Extract, okubuye kuqinisekisile ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-GO ne-Iron Preserron kanye nesitshalo esikhipha inzvi, ngokulandelana, kanye ne-RGO / NZVI eyinkimbinkimbi. Lezi zinhlaka zezitshalo nazo zingenza njengezezimali zokukhonkotha, njengoba zivimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwama-nanoparticles aphumayo ngakho-ke kwandise ukuqina kwawo40.
Ukwakheka kwangempela kanye noValence State of the NZVI nase-RGO / NZVI ACOMPOSTS anqunywa yi-XPS (Fig. 4). Ucwaningo lwe-XPS oluphelele lubonise ukuthi i-RGO / NZVI Composite iqokwa ikakhulukazi zezakhi C, O, futhi FE, ihambisana nemephu ye-EDS (Fig. 4f-H). I-C1S Spectrum iqukethe iziqongo ezintathu ngo-284.59 eV, 286.21 EV ne-288.21 eV emele i-CC, CO NE-C = O, ngokulandelana. I-O1S spectrum yahlukaniswa yaba yiziqongo ezintathu, kufaka phakathi i-531.77777 eV, no-535.45 eV, eyabelwe ku-O = Co, co, namaqembu, ngokulandelana. Kodwa-ke, iziqongo ngo-710.43, 714.57 no-724.79 v bhekisa ku-Fe 2p3/2, FE + 3 no-Fe P1 / 2, ngokulandelana. I-XPS Spectra ye-NZVI (Fig. 4c-e) ikhombise iziqongo zezakhi C, O, no-Fe. Iziqongo ngo-284.77, 286.25, no-287.62 v acture ukuba khona kwama-alloys we-iron-carbon, njengoba abhekisela ku-CC, C-OH, kanye ne-CO, ngokulandelana. I-O1S Spectrum ehambelana neziqongo ezintathu ze-C-O / Iron Carbonate (5311.19 eV), Hydroxyl radical (532.4 eV) ne-O-C = O (533.47 eV). Inani eliphakeme ku-719.6 libangelwa nguFe0, kanti uFeooo akhombisa iziqongo ngo-717.3 no-723.7 eV, ngaphezu kwalokho, inani eliphakeme ngo-725.8.
Izifundo ze-XPS ze-NZVI ne-RGO / NZVI Composites, ngokulandelana (a, b). I-Spectra ephelele ye-NZVI C1S (C), FE2P (D), kanye ne-O1S (e) ne-RGO / NZVI C1S (F), FE2P (G), i-FE2P (H), i-O1S (H) Composite.
I-N2 Adsorption / Discorption Istorer (Fig. 5a, b) ikhombisa ukuthi ama-composites e-NZVI nama-RGO / NZVI angowokuthi uthayipha ii. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ethile engaphezulu (i-Sbet) ye-NZVI inyuke ukusuka ku-47.4549 kuya ku-152.52 m2 / g ngemuva kokuphuphuthekisa nge-RGO. Lo mphumela ungachazwa ukwehla kwezici kazibuthe ze-NZVI ngemuva kokuphuphutheka kwe-RGO, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiya nezinhlanganisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Fig. 5c, ivolumu ye-pore (8.94 nm composite ye-RGO / NZVI iphakeme kunaleyo yase-NZVI yasekuqaleni (2.8873 NM). Lo mphumela uvumelana no-El-Monaem et al. 45.
Ukuhlola amandla we-adsorption ukususa i-DC phakathi kwama-rgo / nzvi composites kanye ne-NZVI yasekuqaleni ngokuya ngokwanda kokuhlushwa kokuqala (okungu-0.05 g) ku-DC ekugxilisweni kokuqala okuhlukahlukene. Iphenya ngesisombululo [25]. -100 mg l-1] ku-25 ° C. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokususa (94.6% Inhlanganisela ye-RGO / NZVI ibiphakeme kunaleyo ye-NZVI yasekuqaleni (25 mg l-1). Kodwa-ke, lapho ukugxila okuqala kukhuphuka kuye ku-100 mg l-1, ukusebenza kahle kwe-rgo / NZVI kanye ne-parentalion kanye ne-65% kwehle ku-70% kanye nama-65%, ngokulandelana (umfanekiso u-6a), okungenzeka kube khona ngenxa yezinhlayiya ezimbalwa kanye nokuwohloka kwezinhlayiya ezimbalwa kanye nokonakaliswa kwezinhlayiya ezimbalwa ze-NZV. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-RGO / NZVI ikhombise ukusebenza okuphezulu kokususwa kwe-DC, okungenzeka kungenxa yomphumela we-synergistic phakathi kwe-RGO ne-NZVI, lapho amasayithi asebenzayo akhona atholakala e-adsorption aphakeme kakhulu, nakwi-RGO / NZVI, ngaphezulu i-DC ingaba ama-adsorbed kune-Itact NZVI. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-Fig. I-6B ikhombisa ukuthi umthamo we-advocate we-rgo / NZVI ne-NZVI Composites inyuke kusuka ku-9.4 mg / g kuya ku-9 mg / g, ngokulandelana, ngokulandelana, ngokulandelana, ngokulandelana, ngokulandelana, ngokulandelana kokuhlushwa okuvela ku-25-100 mg / l. -1.1 kuya ku-28.73 mg G-1. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sokususa i-DC sasixhumeka kabi ngokuhlushwa kwe-DC kokuqala, okwakungenxa yenombolo ekhawulelwe yezikhungo zokuphendula ezisekelwa yi-adsorsent ngayinye ye-adsorption nokususwa kwe-DC ngesixazululo. Ngakho-ke, kungaphethwa ngale miphumela ama-rgo / nzvi Composites anokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-adsorption kanye nokwehliswa, kanye ne-rgo ekwakhekeni kwe-rgo / nzvi kungasetshenziswa zombili njengezikhangiso ze-adsorbent nanjengezinto ezithwala.
Ukusebenza kahle kokususa kanye ne-DC Adcorption yamakhono we-RGO / NZVI ne-NZVI Composite (a, B) [CO = 25 mg L-1, t = 25 ° L, umthamo = 0.05 g], pH. Kumandla akwa-Adsorption kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-DC kuma-composites we-RGO / NZVI (c) [C) [CO = 50 MG L-1, PH = 3-11, T = 25 ° C, Dose = 0.05 g].
Isixazululo PH yisici esibucayi ocwaningweni lwezinqubo ze-adsorption, ngoba kuthinta izinga le-ionization, ukubonwa kanye no-ionization of adsorbent. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngo-25 ° C nge-Adsorbent Dose ye-Adsorbent (0.05 g) kanye nokuhlushwa kokuqala kwe-50 mg l-1 ebangeni le-PH (3-11). Ngokusho kolwazi lokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi4, i-DC yi-molecule ye-aphphiphilic enamaqembu amaningana asebenzayo asebenzayo (ama-phenols, amaqembu e-amino, ama-alcohols) emazingeni ahlukahlukene we-PH. Ngenxa yalokhu, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ye-DC kanye nezinhlaka ezihlobene ngaphezulu kwe-RGO / NZVI Composite ingasebenza njengezindawo zokulinganisa (i-zwitterionionion, i-anionic (DCH- noma i-DC2-) ku-PH 7.7. Ngenxa yalokhu, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ye-DC kanye nezinhlaka ezihlobene ngaphezulu kwe-RGO / NZVI Composite ingasebenza njengezindawo zokulinganisa (i-zwitterionionion, i-anionic (DCH- noma i-DC2-) ku-PH 7.7. Ом н /чиз нон я ggo / Nzvi Мими тиам и элестростат трр то Катиона (DCHттна (DCH3 +) рн <3,3, ц и цвитер ионый (DCH20) 3,3 <PH <7,7 ph <7,7 ph <7,7 и Ngenxa yalokhu, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ye-DC kanye nezakhiwo ezihlobene ngaphezulu kwe-RGO / NZVI Composite zingasebenzisana ngokulandelana futhi zingaba khona ngohlobo lwezakhiwo, ama-aniftions, kanye no-anions; I-molecule ye-DC ikhona njenge-cation (DCH3 +) ku-ph <3.3; Ionic (DCH20) 3.3 <ph <7.7 ne-anionic (DCH- noma i-DC2-) kwa-PH 7.7.因此, DC 的各种功能和 RGO / NZVI 复合材料表面的相关结构可能会发生静电相互作用, 并可能以阳离子, 两性离子和阴离子的形式存在, DC ph ph <3.3 时以阳离子 (DCH3 +)因此, DC 的的 功能 和 和 和 和 和 复合 材料表面 的的 可能会会 会会 发生静电 发生静电 发生静电 ,, dc或 DC2-) 在 PH PH 7.7. Седовате конка ковктур н / Nzvi Могут в элелекктростатческимодедедед, ц авоновать цвитенотв, цвитенов, Аниитинов, А аоионов, А аоионов, А а ntuнов, А а (А г) н К Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ye-DC kanye nezinhlaka ezihlobene ngaphezulu kwe-RGO / NZVI Composite ingangena ekuxhumaneni kwama-Electrostatic futhi ikhona ngendlela yamazwe, ama-Zwitterions, ngenkathi ama-anions, ngenkathi ama-molecule we-DC angu-Ph <3.3. О сествует ц цвитер вина (DCH20) при 3,3 Ikhona njenge-zwitterion (DCH20) ku-3.3 <ph <7.7 ne-anion (dch- noma i-DC2-) kwaPh 7.7.Ngokwanda kwe-PH kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-7, umthamo we-adsorption kanye nokusebenza kahle kokususwa kwe-DC kukhuphuke kusuka ku-11.2 mg / g (56%) kuya ku-17 mg / g (85%) (Fig. 6c). Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-PH ikhuphuke ibe ngu-9 no-11, umthamo we-adsorption kanye nokusebenza kahle kokususa kwehle ngandlela thile, kusuka ku-10.6 mg / g (53%) kuya ku-6 mg / g (30%), ngokulandelana. Ngokwanda kwe-PH kusuka ku-3 kuye kwayi-7, i-DCS ikakhulukazi yayikhona ngendlela ye-Zwitterenions, eyayenza icishe idonswe nge-fronglect noma icushwe ngama-rgo / nzvi composites, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisana nge-electrostatic. Njengoba i-PH inyuke ngenhla kwe-8.2, ingaphezulu le-adsorbent lalishayelwa kabi, ngakho-ke amandla e-adsorption ancipha futhi ancipha ngenxa yokuxoshwa kwe-electrostatic phakathi kwe-doxycycycline ekhokhiswayo engemihle. Lo mkhuba uphakamisa ukuthi i-DC Adsorption kuma-composites we-RGO / NZVI ancike kakhulu e-PH PH.
Umphumela wokushisa ku-adsorption yesisombululo samanzi se-DC senziwa (25-55 ° C). Umdwebo 7A ukhombisa umphumela wokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokusebenza kokususa kwama-DC antibiotic ku-RGO / NZVI, kuyacaca ukuthi umthamo wokususa ukhuphuke kusuka ku-83.44 mg no-77% kanye ne-7.83 mg / g. , ngokulandelana. Lokhu kuncipha okukhulu kungahle kube ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla we-dc ion, okuholela edulolweni47.
Umphumela wokushisa ekusebenzeni kahle kokususwa kanye namandla we-adsorption we-CD kuma-RGO / NZVI Composites (a) [CO = 7, umthamo composite (b) [Ph = 7, t = 25 ° C] (C, D) [CO = 25-100 mg L-1, PH = 7, T = 25 ° C, Dose = 0.05 g].
Umphumela wokwandisa umthamo we-adsosbent adsorbent rgo / nzvi kusuka ku-0.01 g kuya ku-0.07 g ekusebenzeni kahle kokususa namandla akwa-Adsorption kukhonjiswa ku-Fig.. 7b. Ukwanda komthamo we-adsorbent kuholele ekunciphiseni kwamandla we-adsorption kusuka ku-33.43 mg / g kuya ku-6.74 mg / g. Kodwa-ke, ngokwanda komthamo we-adsorbent kusuka ku-0.01 g kuya ku-0.07 g, ukusebenza kahle ukususa kukhuphuka kusuka ku-66.8% kuya ku-96%, okuthi, okungahlotshaniswa nokwanda kwesibalo se-nanocompasteral.
Umphumela wokugxila kokuqala kumandla we-adsorption kanye nokususwa kwamandla [25-100 mg l-1, 25 ° C, PH 7, umthamo 0.05 g] wafundwa. Lapho ukugxila kokuqala kwandiswa kusuka ku-25 MG L-1 kuye ku-100 MG L-1, amaphesenti okususa lezinhlanganisela ze-RGO / NZVI anciphile kusuka ku-94.6% kuya ku-65% (umkhiwane. 7c), mhlawumbe ngenxa yokungabikho kwezindawo ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo. . Ama-Adederbs amakhulu ukugxila kwe-DC49. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba ukuqunjelwa kokuqala kwanda, umthamo we-adsorption ubuye wanda kusuka ku-9.4 mg / g kuya ku-30 mg / g kuze kube yilapho ukulingana kufinyelelwe (Fig. 7d). Lokhu kuphendula okungenakugwenywa kungenxa yokwanda kwamandla okushayela ngohlobo lokuhlaselwa kwe-DC okuphezulu kune-DC ion ukumelana nokuvuselelwa kwe-DC Ion Mass Ukuvuselelwa ukuze ufinyelele phezulu 50 we-RGO / NZVI Composite.
Isikhathi sokuxhumana nezifundo ze-kinetic zihlose ukuqonda isikhathi se-adsorption. Okokuqala, inani le-DC adsorbed ngesikhathi semizuzu engama-40 yokuqala yesikhathi sokuxhumana sasicishe ibe yingxenye yenani eliphelele elikhokhelwe isikhathi sonke (imizuzu eyi-100). Ngenkathi ama-molecule e-DC e-collider solution enze ukuba bathuthele ngokushesha bathuthele phezulu kwe-rgo / nzvi composite okuholela ekutholeni okubalulekile kwe-adsorption. Ngemuva kwamaminithi angama-40, i-DC adsorption yanda kancane kancane futhi kancane kancane kuze kube yilapho ukulingana kufinyelelwe ngemuva kwamaminithi angama-60 (Fig. 7d). Njengoba inani elifanelekile likhishwe ngemizuzu engama-40 yokuqala, kuzoba nokushayisana okumbalwa okunama-molekyuli e-DC kanye namasayithi ambalwa asebenzayo azotholakala kuma-molecule angewona ama-adedecue. Ngakho-ke, izinga le-adsorption lingancishiswa51.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono ama-kinetics we-adsorption, ama-line plots we-pseudo Order Order (Fig. 8a), i-Pseudo Second Order (Fig. 8b), kanye ne-Elovich (Fig. 8c) asetshenzisiwe. Ukusuka kumapharamitha atholwe ezifundweni ze-kinetic (Ithebula s1), kuyacaca ukuthi imodeli ye-Pseudosecond iyimodeli engcono kakhulu yokuchaza ama-podsorption kinetics, lapho inani le-R2 lisethwe liphakeme kunakwamanye amamodeli amabili. Kukhona nokufana phakathi kwamakhono okubalwa adsorption (QE, CAL). I-oda le-pseudo-yesibili namanani wokuhlola (QE, EXP.) Ubufakazi obengeziwe bokuthi i-pseudo-sesibili ye-oda liyimodeli engcono kunamanye amamodeli. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 1, amanani we-α (isilinganiso sama-adsorption rate) kanye ne-β (demortion njalo) aqinisekise ukuthi isilinganiso se-adsorption siphakeme kune-adsorb ngempumelelo ku-rgo / nzvi52 composite. .
Iziza eziqondile ze-adsorption ze-possorce plots of pseudo-sesibili ama-oda (a), i-oda lokuqala (b) ne-elovich (c) kanye ne-elovich (c) [C) [CO = 25-100 mg l-1, p - 25 ° C, DEP05 g].
Izifundo zosizo lwe-adsorption istotherms usizo lokunquma amandla ama-adsorption we-adsorbent (RGO / NRV Composite) ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisiwe (DC) kanye namazinga okushisa esistimu. Umkhuhlane omkhulu we-adsorption wabalwa kusetshenziswa i-langmuir isotherm, okuveze ukuthi ama-adsorption ayengama-homogeneous futhi afaka ukwakheka kwe-adsorbate monolayer ebusweni be-adsorbent ngaphandle kokuxhumana phakathi kwalo53. Amanye amamodeli amabili asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-isotherm amamodeli we-freundlich nama-temki. Yize imodeli ye-Freundlich ayisetshenziswanga ukubala umthamo we-adsorption, kuyasiza ukuqonda inqubo ye-hetorogeneous adsorption futhi ukuthi izikhala ze-adsorbent zinamandla ahlukile, kanti imodeli ye-timen isiza ukuqonda izici zemvelo nezamakhemikhali ze-adsorpt54.
Imidwebo 9A-C Khombisa iziza zomugqa weLangmuir, Freindlich, kanye namamodeli we-temki, ngokulandelana. Amanani ka-R2 abalwe kusuka ku-Freundlich (Fig. 9a) noLangmuir (Fig. 9b) ama-Freundlich (0.996) alandela amamodeli we-fc / 0.996) noLangmuir (0.988). Umthamo omkhulu we-adsorption (QMAX), ebaliwe kusetshenziswa imodeli yeLangmuir Istherm, kwakungu-31.61 MG G-1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elibaliwe le-Disension ahlukanise ukuhlukaniswa (RL) liphakathi kuka-0 no-1 (0.097), okukhombisa inqubo enhle ye-adsorption. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-Freundlich ebaliwe eqhubekayo (n = 2.756) ikhombisa ukukhetha kwale nqubo yokumunca. Ngokusho kwemodeli eqondile ye-Tinkin Istherm (Fig. 9c), i-adsorption ye-DC ku-RGO / NZVI Composite iyinqubo ye-Adsorption engokomzimba, ngoba i-BJ MOL-1 (0.408) 55 (0.408) 55. Yize i-adsorption emzimbeni ivame ukulungiswa ngamabutho abuthakathaka we-van der Waals, i-adposisi eqondile yamanje kuma-romposites we-rgo / NZVI idinga amandla aphansi ama-adsorption [50, 57].
I-Freundlich (a), i-langmuir (b), kanye ne-tinkin adsorption istotherms [CO = 25-100 mg L-1, pH = 7, t = 25 ° C, dose = 0,05 g]. Isakhiwo se-Vats't Hoff Equation ye-DC Adsorption ngama-RGO / NZVI Composites (D) [CO = 25-100 mg l-1, ph = 7, t = 25-55 g].
Ukuhlola umphumela wokushintshwa kokushisa kokushisa kuma-DC asuka ku-RGO / NZVI Composites, amapharamitha we-thermodynamic anjenge-Entropy Change (ΔH), kanye noshintsho lwamandla we-Enthody (ΔG), kanye noshintsho lwamahhala lwe-Engy. 3 no-458.
Lapho \ (k {k} _ {e} \) = \ (\ frac {{c} _ {e}} _ {e}}} {{e}}} {{e} R futhi i-rt iyindlela yokushisa eguqukayo ne-adsortion, ngokulandelana. Ukuhlelwa kwe-Ln ke kuphambene ne-1 / T kunikeza umugqa oqondile (Fig. 9D) lapho ama-Δs ne-Δh anganqunywa khona.
Inani elibi le-ΔH libonisa ukuthi inqubo ingu-exothermic. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani le-ΔH lingaphakathi kwenqubo ye-adsorption ebonakalayo. Amanani amabi we-ΔG kuThebula 3 akhombisa ukuthi ama-adsorption kungenzeka futhi azenzele. Amanani amabi ama-Δs akhombisa ukuhleleka okuphezulu kwama-molecule e-adsorbent esibonakalayo se-liquid (ithebula 3).
Ithebula 4 liqhathanisa i-RGO / NZVI Composite nezinye ama-adsorbents ezibikwe ezifundweni ezedlule. Kuyacaca ukuthi i-vgo / NCVI composite inamandla aphezulu we-adsorption futhi ingaba yizinto ezithembisayo zokususwa kwama-DC antibiotics avela emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-adsorption we-RGO / NZVI Composites iyinqubo esheshayo enesikhathi sokulingana samaminithi angama-60. Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-adsorption zama-RGO / NZVI Composites zingachazwa ngomphumela we-pernergistic of rgo ne-NZVI.
Imidwebo ye-10A, B Ibonisa indlela enengqondo yokususwa kwama-DC antibiotic nge-rgo / nzvi nezakhiwo ze-nzvi. Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-PH ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-DC adsorption, ngokwanda kwe-PH kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-7, i-DC adsorption kwinhlanganisela ye-RGO / NZVI ayilawulwa yi-Zwitterion; Ngakho-ke, ushintsho eveni ye-PH aluzange luthinti inqubo ye-adsorption. Kamuva, inqubomgomo ye-adsorption ingalawulwa ngokuxhumana okungeyona kwe-electrogestatic efana ne-hydrogen bonding, imiphumela ye-hydrophobic, kanye ne-Π-π-Π Kuyaziwa ukuthi inqubo yama-adsorbetes aphungewe emaphethelweni we-graphe enelisekile ichazwe yi-Π-Π efaka ukusebenzisana njengamandla amakhulu okushayela. Inhlanganisela iyinto ebekelwe impahla efana ne-graphene enomhloli wokumunca ku-233 nm ngenxa yenguquko ye-π-π-π *. Kususelwa ekubakhona kwezindandatho ezine ezinephunga ekwakhiweni kwamangqamuzana kwe-DC adsorbate, sithumele ukuthi kukhona indlela yokuxhumana ebambeke ngaphakathi kwe-DC ye-π-Π / NZVI Composites. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Fig. I-10b, izifundo ze-FTIR zenziwa ukutadisha ukuxhumana kwamangqamuzana kwama-rgo / NZVI okuhlanganisa nge-DC, kanye ne-ftir spectra yama-rgo / nzvi composites ngemuva kokuthola ama-DC adsorption ku-FC 10b. 10b. Inani elisha elisha libonwa ku-2111 cm-1, elihambelana nohlaka lokudlidliza kwebhondi le-C = C, elibonisa ukuba khona kwamaqembu ahambisanayo asebenzayo ebusweni bama-67 rgo / nzvi. Okunye ukuguqulwa okuphezulu kusuka ku-1561 kuya ku-1548 cm-1 futhi kusuka ku-1399 kuya ku-1360 cm cm Ngemuva kwe-DC adsorption, ubukhulu bamanye amaqembu aqukethe ama-oksijini, anjenge-oh, ancipha ku-3270 cm-1, okubonisa ukuthi ukubopha i-hydrogen kungenye yezinqubo ze-adrolption. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ngemiphumela, i-DC adsorption kwi-RGO / NZVI Composite yenzeka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwe-π-Π.
Indlela enengqondo yokuthola ama-adsorption ama-DC antibiotic nge-rgo / NZVI ne-NZVI Izakhiwo (a). I-FTIR adsorption Spectra ye-DC ku-RGO / NZVI ne-NZVI (B).
Ukuqina kwamabhande amumayo we-NZVI ku-3244, 1615, 1541 cm - no-1011 cm-1 inyuke ngemuva kwe-DC Adsorption ku-NZVI (Fig. 10b) Uma uqhathanisa ne-NZVI, okufanele ihambisane nokuxhumana namaqembu asebenzayo we-Carboxylic Acid O acidi acid o acid o. Kodwa-ke, la maphesenti aphansi okudlulisela kuwo wonke ama-band abonwa akhombisa ushintsho olukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-Phytosynthetic adsorbent (NZVI) qhathanisa ne-NZVI ngaphambi kwenqubo ye-adsorption. Ngokusho kocwaningo oluthile lokususa i-DC ne-NZVI71, lapho i-NZVI isandana nge-H2O, kukhishwa ama-elektroni bese kukhishwa ama-HH + ukukhiqiza ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen esebenzayo evuselelwe kakhulu. Ekugcineni, ezinye izakhi ze-cationic zamukela ama-elektroni avela ku-hydrogen asebenzayo, okuholela -c = n no -c = c-, okuthiwa ukuqhekeka kwendandatho ye-benzene.
Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-14-2022