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Kulo msebenzi, i-RGO / i-NZVVI idityanisiwe okwesihlandlo sokuqala isebenzisa inkqubo elula yegqabi etyheli njengemigaqo-nkqubo ye-SOSTERCY STIMS kunye ne-starstristry "eluhlaza. Izixhobo ezininzi zisetyenziselwe ukuqinisekisa i-synthes ephumeleleyo yemigangatho, enjenge-SEM, e-EDX, XPS, i-bird, i-ftrd, kunye ne-ZETA, ebonisa ukuba kwenziwe i-zetsocation edibeneyo. Umthamo wokususa wamalungu eNovers kunye ne-NZVI eguqukayo kwi-antibiotic donxycycline ithelekiswa nefuthe elinamanyala phakathi kweRGE noNzvi. Phantsi kweemeko zokususa i-25mg L-1, 25 ° C kunye ne-0.05g, iqondo lokususa i-NZYIP yayiyi-90%, i-NZVI imveliso ifikile i-NZVI kunye ne-RGO. Inkqubo ye-Adsorvo ihambelana nomyalelo wesibini we-pseudo kwaye sisivumelwano esihle kunye nemodeli ye-freundlich ene-31.61 Mg G G-1 nge-25 ° C kunye ne-PH. Ukongeza, ukuphinda kwenziwe i-RGO / NZVI ibe ziipesenti ezingama-60 emva kwemijikelezo emithandathu epheleleyo.
Ukunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nongcoliseko ngoku kukusongela kakhulu kuwo onke amazwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukungcoliseka kwamanzi, ngakumbi ungcoliseko lwe-antibiotic, unyuke ngenxa yokunyuka kwemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ngexesha leCovid-19 uPudemic1,2,3. Ke ngoko, ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji efanelekileyo yokupheliswa kweentsholongwane kumanzi amdaka ngumsebenzi ongxamisekileyo.
Enye ye-antiibitics ye-Syntitic ye-Synticy kwiQela le-Tetciline ivela kwiQela le-Tecyline yi-Doxycycline (DC) 4,5. Kuxelwe ukuba iintsalela ze-DC kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye namanzi angaphezulu azinakulinganiswa, kuphela ezingama-20-50 kuphela zimenyiwe kwaye abanye bakhululwe kwindalo esingqongileyo, bebangela ukuba iingxaki zezempilo zendalo kunye nezempilo6.
Ukuvezwa kwe-DC ngamanqanaba asezantsi kunokubulala i-microorganism ye-aquitic, ukusongela ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane, kwaye kwandise ukumelana nokuchasana, ke oku kungcoliseka kususwe kumanzi amdaka. Ukonakaliswa kwendalo kwe-DC ngamanzi yinkqubo ecothayo. Iinkqubo zemichiza ye-physico-e-phepheslysis, biedegradation kunye ne-adsorvod inokungabi nakuphela kuxinzelelo oluphantsi kwaye ngamaxabiso asezantsi kakhulu7,8. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto inobuhlobo, elula, ngokusingqongileyo, kulula ukuphatha kwaye indlela efanelekileyo yindlela ye-adsorvy9,10.
I-Nano Zero i-Iron (NZVVI) yeyona nto inamandla enokususa amantshontsho amaninzi asemanzini, kuquka i-menazepam, i-Diazepam, iCiprongloxacin, kunye noTeticline. Obu buchule kungenxa yepropathi emangalisayo yokuba uNzvi onayo, enje ngokuzenzekelayo, indawo enkulu engaphezulu, kunye neesayithi ezininzi zangaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, uNZVI unomdla wokuqulunqwa kwemithombo yeendaba emanzini ngenxa ye-van der i-vering ye-ver kunye neepropathi eziphezulu, ezinciphisa ukusebenza kwayo ekususweni kwe-wimides ethintelayo kwi-NZVI10,12. I-Ageglomeration yamasuntswana e-NZVI ingancitshiswa ngokuguqula imiphezulu yabo nge-surfacapes kunye ne-polymers okanye ngokudibanisa indlela ebonakalayo yokuphucula uzinzo kwindalo engqongileyo ye -13,14.
I-Graphene yi-harbordion ye-carbon ye-carbon equka i-sp2-hybrid ye-spbon ye-spbon ehlelwe yinyosi yenyosi. Inommandla omkhulu womphezulu, amandla omatshini ophambili, ofanelekileyo ofanelekileyo, ukuqhubela phambili kwe-elektroniki, ngokukhawuleza e-Electroning, kunye nomxholo ofanelekileyo we-elektroni, kunye nomxholo ofanelekileyo wokuthwala i-nanopticlec kwi-nanopargalic i-nanopargalic i-nanopalicle i-nanopargalic). Indibaniselwano yee-nanopalicals napticals zensimbi kunye nedinesine inokungaphezulu kakhulu kwimiba nganye yezinto nganye kwaye, ngenxa yepropathi yayo ebalaseleyo yomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, zibonelela ngokusasazwa kwe-nanopalicals ngonyango olusebenzayo.
Izityalo zezityalo zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokwenza i-arnts ezisebenzayo ezisetyenziswayo kwi-synthene oxide (i-RGO) kunye ne-NZVE) kunye ne-NZVE, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa ngokunciphisa iiarhente zokunciphisa. Njenge-flavonoids kunye nemichiza ye-phenolic ikwasebenza njengesiqhelo. Ke ngoko, i-Atrictorx Halimaus l. I-Atrictoricx Halimas ukusuka kwintsapho i-Amaranthaceae yi-nitrogen-ukuthanda i-perennial shrub enobubanzi obubanzi bendawo16.
Ngokutsho koncwadi olukhoyo, i-Atrictoricx Halimaus (A. Halimanus) yaqala ukwenza i-RGO / NZVI i-RGEALS njengendlela yezoqoqosho kunye nendawo yokusingqongileyo yendalo. Ke, injongo yalo msebenzi iqulethe iinxalenye ezine: (1) i-phytosynthesis ye-RGO / NZVI kunye ne-NZVUS ye-NZVUS ye-NZVICS ECOSTE YENKQUBO YOKUFUNDA, (3). I-Doxycycline i-antibiotics phantsi kweeparamitha zokuphendula, ingenisa iimeko zenkqubo ye-adsorction, (3) ziphande ngezinto ezihlanganisiweyo kunyango oluqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo emva komjikelo oqhubekayo.
I-Doxycycline hydrochloride (DC, MM = 480.90, i-Chemical Foolide ithengiwe kwi-Sigma-Aldrich, e-USA. I-Sodium hydroxide (i-nah, i-97%), ethanol (C2H5OR, 99%) kunye ne-Hydrochloric Acid (i-HCL, i-HCL, i-37%) yathengwa kwi-Merck, eUnited States. I-NACL, i-KCL, i-CACL2, i-MNCL2 kunye ne-MGCL2 zathengwa kwi-Tianjin Comic Mogent Comgent Cougent Cougent Cougent Cougent Countration. Amanzi anemigangatho emibini asetyenziselwa ukulungiselela zonke izisombululo zezemozulu.
Iisampulu zabameli baka-A. IHamlimus iqokelelwe kwindalo yazo yendalo kumaNayile Delta kunye nonxweme lweMeditera lwaseYiputa. Izinto zezityalo ziqokelelwa ngokungqinelana nezikhokelo ezifanelekileyo zesizwe nezamazwe zonke17. UProf Gewzi uchonge iisampulu zezityalo ngokukaBoulos18, kunye neSebe lezenzululwazi zeSithili saseAlexandria bagunyazisa ukuqokelelwa kweentlobo zezityalo zesayensi. Iivawutsha zesampulu zibanjelwa kwiYunivesithi yaseTanta i-Tanta Tebarium (TAne), iivawutsha Nos. 14 122-14 127, I-herbarium kawonke-wonke enikezela ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezifakelweyo. Ukongeza, ukususa uthuli okanye ukungcola, ukusika amagqabi esityalo kwiindawo ezincinci, hlamba izihlandlo ezi-3 ngempompo kunye namanzi anemitshi, emva koko wome ngama-50 ° C. Isityalo sasityumkile, 5 g somgubo oncomekayo santywiliselwa kwi-100 ml yamanzi amanqamlweyo kwaye ifuduselwe kwi-70 ° C ukuba ifumane isicatshulwa. Ukukhutshelwa kwe-bacillus nitinae kufihla iPhepha leFilter yeThina kwaye igcinwe kwiityhubhu ezicocekileyo nezingafunekiyo kwi-4 ° C ukuba isetyenziswe kwakhona.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 1, i-go yenziwa kwigrafu yomphangi yindlela eguqulweyo ye-humedy. I-10 mg ye-gowder yasasazeka kwi-50 ml yamanzi ama-30 emizini ye-30 phantsi konyana, emva koko i-0.9 g ye-fecl3 ne-2.9 g ye-Naac ixutywe kangange-60 min. I-20 ml ye-Atructoplex yegqabi yongezwa kwisisombululo esivuselelekileyo ngokuvuselela kwaye ishiywe nge-80 ° C iiyure ezi-8. Ukunqunyanyiswa okumnyama okumnyama kuhlulwe. I-Nanocoms elungiselelwe i-Ethanol kwaye ibhinqe amanzi emva koko yomiswe kwi-oveni ye-vacuum nge-50 ° C kangangeyure ezili-12.
Iifoto ze-Schematic kunye neDijithali yeRonthesi eluhlaza ye-RGO / NZVI kunye ne-NZVIs kunye nokuSuswa kwe-DC amayeza e-DC isuka emanzini angcolisekileyo isebenzisa i-atriccex halimesx halimes.
Ngokufutshane, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Fig. Kwi-oven ye-vacuum nge-60 ° C. ubusuku bonke.
I-RGE ye-RGE / NZVI kunye ne-NZVVI ibonakaliswa yi-UV-Specied Special Spectroscopy (T70 / T80 Sering I-UV / I-T80 ye-UV / I-T80 ye-UV / T80 ye-UV / I-TITSEPhosmeters, izixhobo ze-PG Ukuhlalutya i-topography kunye nokusasazwa kwe-RGE / NZVI kunye ne-NZVVIOPOPY (uJoel, Jem-2100f, eJapan, eJapan, eJapan, eJapan, eJapan, eJapan, eJapan, eJapan, eJapan. Ukuvavanya amaqela asebenzayo anokubandakanyeka kwisityalo esikhuphayo kwiNkqubo yokuBuyiswa kunye nokuZinza, i-FT-IR Spectroscopy yaqhutywa (i-jasco swictrometer kuluhlu lwe-4000 ye-CM-1). Ukongeza, i-ZETA ingenamvana (i-ZEtasizer Nano ZS Malvern) yayisetyenziselwa ukufundisisa intlawulo yomphezulu we-nanomatelials edityanisiweyo. Imilinganiselo ye-x-ray ye-x-ray ye-Nanomatieds e-Nanomatials, i-X-ray raty pro, i-Nethert Pro, i-Go) kwi-2θ isusela kwi-20 ° ukuya kwi-8 ° ukuya kwi-Pikali (\ (\) 1.54056 AO). I-V-Ray And-Ray Spectrometer (Edx) (Model Jsm Jsm-It100) inoxanduva lokufunda i-X-105 α I-Al EcRung kwi-Al EV i-200 i-iv kunye ne-ev emxinwa yi-AV eyi-Ev kunye ne-EV emxinwa yi-AV eyi-EV. Isampulu yomgubo icinezelwe kwi-Insor Server, ekwabekwa kwigumbi lokuphumla. I-cm 1 s suctum yasetyenziswa njengesalathiso kwi-284.58 EV ukuchaza amandla okubopha.
Iimvavanyo ze-adsorvotion zenziwa ukuze zivavanye ukusebenzela kwempumelelo ye-RGE / NZV VIA NOFOMOCOMS ekususeni i-doxycycline (DC) evela kwizisombululo ze-accecycle. Uvavanyo lwe-Adloction lwenziwa kwi-25 ML Ernkenmeyer kwisantya se-200 ye-RPM kwi-oroker emnyama (i-Stuart, i-SSL1) nge-DC isisombululo se-DC (i-1000 ye-1000) enamanzi asetyenzisiweyo. Ukuvavanya ifuthe le-RGE / NSVIemed kwi-Adsocoms esebenzayo, i-nanocompossites yemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo (i-0.01-0.07 g) yongezwa kwi-20 ml yesisombululo se-DC. Ukufundisisa i-kinetics kunye ne-adsorm ye-Adphotherms, i-0.05 g ye-adsorbent yantywiliselwa kwisisombululo se-CD ngoxinzelelo lokuqala (nge-25-100 mg l-1). Isiphumo se-PH ekususweni kweDC safundwa kwi-PH (3-11) kunye noxinzelelo lokuqala lwe-50 mg l-1 nge-25 ° C. Lungisa i-PH yenkqubo ngokongeza isixa esincinci se-HCL okanye isisombululo se-naoh (i-phy ph upter, pl meter, pH 25). Ukongeza, ifuthe lokuphinda kubungakanani be-resorction kwiMilingo ye-ADFRECK kuluhlu lwe-25-55 ° UPROSTED. Iziphumo ze-Ionic yenkqubo yenkqubo ye-adsorktion yafundwa ngokwahlukeneyo ye-NACL (0.01-4 mol l-1) kwi-DC ye-DC L-1 kunye ne-6 ° C, kunye nedosi ye-adsorg ye-0.05 g. I-Adsorvo ye-Adsorpvod DC yalinganiswa ngokusebenzisa i-vis ye-Uv-vaing switchrophotometer (T70 / T80 ye-T70 / I-T70 ye-T70 / T8 ye-PM ye-ITD, i-IK) ye-BME ye-cundetts (λmax) ye-270 ne-350 ntm. Ipesenti yokususwa kwe-DC Antibiotics (R%; i-EQ. 1) kunye nenani le-DC, Qt, eq. 2 (MG / G) walinganiswa ngokusebenzisa le quation ilandelayo.
Apho i-DC i-DC Ukususwa kwe-DC (%), i-CO yi-DC gxini ngexesha 0, kwaye c yi-DC gxini ngexesha t, ngokwahlukeneyo (Mg L-1).
Apho i-qe yinani le-DC ye-DC yeyunithi ye-Adsorblent (MG G G-1), i-CO kunye ne-CO kunye ne-EQUATE kwi-ADREAGRE (G).
Imifanekiso ye-SM (amakhiwane. 2A-C) bonisa i-Lamellar ye-Lamellar ye-RGO / NZVV ye-Iron ye-Iron Nanopalies enesitali esine-thresical kumphezulu, ebonisa impumelelo ye-NZVV PASS ukuya kumhlaba we-NZVV. Ukongeza, kukho amanye amaqhekeza kwigqabi ye-rgo, eqinisekisa ukususwa kwamaqela eoksijini ngaxeshanye nokubuyiselwa kuka-A. Halimaus. Ezi finkles ezinkulu zisebenza njengeendawo zokulayishwa kwe-iron i-iron. I-NZVI imifanekiso (Fig. 2D-f) ibonise ukuba i-iron yentsimbi yasasazeka kakhulu kwaye ayizange ihlangane, nto leyo ebangelwa kukudibana kwenani lezityalo. Ubungakanani bentsundu eyahlukileyo ngaphakathi kwe-15-26 NM. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindawo zinemorphology ye-zurphology enesimo seenkuni kunye neekopi, ezinokubonelela ngamandla e-NZVI, kuba banokunyusa ukubakho kwe-nyvi. Xa i-rosa ikhutshiwe isetyenziselwa i-Synthesis ye-NZVI, i-NPS ifumene i-ihomogeoneous, kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo, ezazincitshisiweyo kwixesha lokuphendula 23. Iziphumo ziyahambelana ne-NZVI ihlulwe ukusuka kwi-Oak kunye namagqabi e-mulberry, ubukhulu becala i-nanopalicals enama-nanoparcloccurticals kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo be-nanometer ngaphandle kwe-ageglomeration.
Imifanekiso ye-SM ye-RGO / NZVI
Ukuqulunqwa kobume be-RGE-NJVI kunye ne-NZVVIA ye-NZVVI ifundwe usebenzisa i-EDX (Fig. 2G, H). Izifundo zibonisa ukuba u-NZVI adityaniswe yikhabhoni (i-38.29% ngobunzima), ioksijini (i-47.41% nge-MISS), kodwa ezinye izinto ezinjenge-phosphorus24 zifumaneka kwizityalo. Ukongeza, ipesenti ephezulu yekharbon kunye neoksijini ibangelwa bubukho be-phytochemicals ukusuka kwizityalo ezikhutshwayo kwi-Suprirface iisampulu ze-NZVI. Ezi zinto zisasazwe ngokulinganayo kwi-RGO kodwa kwimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo: c (39.16 wt%), o (46.98 WT%), e-Edx RGO / NZVI nazo zinokunxulunyaniswa nezityalo, ziyasetyenziswa. I-OITOO YO-C: o Umxholo kunye nomxholo wentsimbi kwi-RGO / NZVUS usebenzisa i-A. I-WT%) 25
I-Morphology ye-NZVI idityaniswe kwizityalo (SIG. I-SIG. Esi siqinisekiso se-Granuary kunye ne-Sverical Sproicle inesivumelwano esihle kunye nesiphumo se-sem. Kufunyenwe i-Abdlawutatah et al. Ngo-2021 xa i-Castor Beaf igqabi isetyenziswa kwi-synthesis ye-NZVI11. I-Ruelas Tuberosa igqabi i-NPS isetyenziswe njenge-Arhente yokuCwangcisa eNzvi ikwanemilo ye-nyvi enemilo ye-scherical enebukhulu kwi-20 ukuya kwi-40 NM26.
I-Hybrid Rgo / I-NZVI ye-Inzvite mic (S2C-D) ibonise ukuba i-RGO yinqwelomoya esisiseko kunye neendawo ezinamava e-NCrinks ezibonelela nge-NZVI NPS; Le vumba le-lasemellar likwangqina ukufunyanwa ngempumelelo kwe-RGO. Ukongeza, i-NZVVI NPS inemilo ye-spherical enesabelo esivela ku-5.32 ukuya kwi-27 NM kwaye singene kwi-RGE SHINGRM SIMARINIRMIDERRMERS. I-Eucalyptus ye-Eucalypturus isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa i-FE NPS / RGO; Iziphumo zeziphumo zikwaqinisekisile ukuba ii-Wrinkles kwi-RGO Guqula ukuphuculwa kokusasazeka kwe-FE i-fen ngaphezulu kwe-fes ecocekileyo kwaye wanyusa amasiko. Iziphumo ezifanayo zafunyanwa ngu-Barsheti et al. 28 Xa i-possote isebenzisa iindlela ze-ultrasonic ubuchule be-Iron NanoPricle ye-1770 nm.
I-pir fictra ka-A. Halimas, Ntvi, yiya, iRGO, kunye ne-RGO / NZVI imveliso ziboniswa kumakhiwane. 3a. Ubukho bamaqela asebenzayo aphezulu kumagqabi e-A. IHalimmus ivela kwi-3336 cm-1 cm-1, ehambelana ne-polyphenols, kunye ne-1244 cm-1 cm-1, ehambelana namaqela e-carbonyl aveliswe yiprotein. Amanye amaqela anjengeAlkanes ngo-2918 cm-1, iAlkenes kwi-1637 cm-1 ye-CM-1 kunye ne-CM-1 ye-CM-1 ye-CM-1 igcinwe, iphakamisa ubukho bezinto zokutywina i-FE2 + ukuya kwi-FE0 kwaye uye kwi-RGO29. Ngokubanzi, i-NZVVI SECTRA ibonisa ipiki ezifanayo zokuthabatha njengeziswekile ezikrakra, kodwa inesikhundla esiguqukayo. Ibhendi eqatha ivela kwi-3244 cm-1 cm-1 ye-OH yolulela imingxunya (i-phenols), i-piaks kwi-1616 ihambelana ne-c = c, i-celphenos ye-on -10 cm-1 cm-1 ye-Aliphic yaqwalaselwa nge-1310 cm-1 kunye ne-1190 I-CM-1, ngokulandelelana. I-firr firm yokuhamba ibonisa ubukho bamaqela amaninzi eoksijini eninzi, kubandakanya ibhendi ye-Alkoxy (COM) kwi-1091 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1, C = o yolule. Ibhendi ye-C = C yolula i-victions nge-1619 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm kunye neqela elibanzi le-OH 584 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 ye-COM-1 ephuculweyo yenkqubo yegrafu. Xa uthelekisa i-RGO kunye ne-RGO / i-RGE / NZVVI i-SEACTRA, ubukhulu beoksijini yeoksijini, njengo-3270 cm-1, incitshisiwe ngokupheleleyo. inyamalala, ebonisa ukususwa ngempumelelo kweoksijini enamaqela e-oxygen enamaqela e-A. I-Hilimsus ekhutshiweyo. I-Peokis entsha ye-RGO e-RGO e-C = C uxinzelelo luye lwaqwalaselwa malunga ne-1560 ne-1405 cm-1, eqinisekisa ukuncitshiswa kwe-rgo. Umahluko osuka kwi-1043 ukuya kwi-1015 cm-1 kwaye ukusuka kwi-982 ukuya kwi-918 cm-1 yaqwalaselwa, kungenzeka ukuba ukubandakanywa kwezityalo zezityalo31,32. I-Weng et al., 2018 nayo iqaphele i-assinated i-oxygeniged amaqela e-oxygening e-RMO nge-Iron Graphenes, esetyenziselwa ukutshintshwa kwamagqabi amagqabi amaqela asebenza. 33.
A. ft ftr ftr bitrum ye-gellium, nzvi, i-rgo, hamba, i-composite rgo / i-NZVI (a). I-Roeegenogramy Cospossites Ro, yiya, nyvi kunye ne-rgo / nzvi (b).
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-RGO / NZVV kunye ne-NZVVIA iqinisekiswa ziipateni ze-x-ray ray ray. 3b). I-felity fast fe0 igcinwe kwi-2º 44.5 °, ihambelana nesalathiso (110) (i-110) (i-110) (i-JCPDS hayi. 06-0696) 11. Enye i-piak nge-35.1 yenqwelomoya (311) ithethwe kwi-Magnetite Fe3o4, 63.2 ° inxulunyaniswa ne-Miller Index ye-υ-rioh (i-GCPDs hayi. 17-0536) 34. Ipateni ye-X-Ray yokuhamba ibonisa i-tiak ebukhali kwi-2ɵ 10.3 ° kunye nenye intembeko kwi-21.1 Iipateni ezihlanganisiweyo ze-RGO kunye ne-RGO / NZVI zarekhoda ukunyamalala kwezinto ze-rives kunye nokusekwa kwee-cisk ezingama-2,17 ukuya kwi-RGO kunye ne-RGE / i-RGE / nzvi. Nangona kunjalo, kwipakethi ye-rgo ye-rgo / i-NZVI, iincopho ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene neplanethi ye-WE0 (110) kunye ne-BCC Fe0 (200) ziye zaqwalaselwa nge-44.9 \ (^ \ (^ ngokulandelelana.
I-ZETA inokubakho phakathi kwe-Ionic ye-Ionic eqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu wesuntswana kunye nesisombululo esibonakalayo esibonisa iipropathi ze-elektrostatic zezinto ezibonakalayo kwaye zilinganisa uzinzo lwakho37. I-ZETA inokwenzeka yohlalutyo lwe-NZVI, yiya, kwaye i-RGO / i-RGE / i-NZVI ibonise uzinzo ngenxa yobukho beendleko ezimbi ze-G1A-C. . Iziphumo ezinjalo ziyahambelana neengxelo ezininzi ezikhankanya ukuba izisombululo ezinamasuntswana kunye nexabiso le-ZETA lingaphantsi kwexabiso le-zeta ngaphantsi -25 MV libonisa inqanaba eliphezulu lozinzo ngenxa yokubuyiselwa kwe-elektrostatic phakathi kwala masundu. Ukudityaniswa kwe-RGO kunye ne-NZVI ivumela ukubaluleka ukuze ufumane iindleko ezimbi kakhulu kwaye ke uneezinzo eziphezulu ngaphandle kwe-gon okanye uNzvi yedwa. Ke ngoko, i-phenomenon ye-elektrostic Reulsion iya kukhokelela ekuqulunqweni kwe-RGE / NZVI39. Umphezulu we-HAIT WOKUGQIBELA uyakuvumela ukuba ichithwe ngokulinganayo kwi-aptium Medium ngaphandle kwe-AgeGlomeration, eyenza iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokunxibelelana ne-NZVI. Intlawulo engeyiyo inokunxulunyaniswa nobukho bamaqela ahlukeneyo asebenza kwi-melon ekrakra, ekwaqinisekisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-Hargors kunye ne-NZVI, ngokulandelelana, kunye ne-RGE / NZVI. Ezi computer zezityalo zinokusebenza njengeearhente zokuhamba, njengoko zithintela ukwahlula-hlula kwamanye amathuba okuba kwaye ke kwandise ukuzinza kwabo40.
Ubume bezinto ezibonisa ubunjani kunye ne-valentey ichaza i-NZVI kunye ne-RGE / NZVVIO yazo zagqitywa yi-XPS (Fig. 4). Isifundo se-XPS sisonke sabonisa ukuba i-RGE / NZVI iqulunqwe ikakhulu zezinto C, O, kwaye ihambelana nemephu ye-Eds (Fig-H). The C1s spectrum consists of three peaks at 284.59 eV, 286.21 eV and 288.21 eV representing CC, CO and C=O, respectively. The O1s spectrum was divided into three peaks, including 531.17 eV, 532.97 eV, and 535.45 eV, which were assigned to the O=CO, CO, and NO groups, respectively. Nangona kunjalo, iincopho nge-710.43, 714.57 kwaye i-724.79 E E / 2, FE + 3 kunye ne-FE P1 / 2, ngokwahlukeneyo. I-XP ye-XPS ye-NZVV (Fig-E) ibonise iincopho zezinto c, o, no-fe. Iincopho ngo-284.77, 286.25, kunye ne-287.62 i-EC Qinisekisa ubukho be-Alt-Corbhon, njengoko bebhekisa kwi-CC, c-oh, ngokwahlukeneyo. I-O1s spectrum ihambelana ne-C-O / i-Iron Carbonate (531.19 EV), i-Hydroxyl radical (532.4 i-ev) kunye ne-O (533.47 iV). I-Peak nge-719.6 ichazwe ngu-Fe0, ngelixa i-feooh ibonisa i-717.3 kunye ne-723.7 i-i-725.8 IV ibonisa ubukho be-fe2o344.43.
Izifundo ze-XPS ze-NZVVI kunye ne-RGO / NZVVIAS, ngokulandelelana (a, b). Igcwele i-victra ye-NZVV C1s (c), Fe2P (D), kunye ne-O1s (e) kunye ne-RGE / NZVIC (F), i-fe2P (
I-N2 ye-Adsorvor / i-Desorm. Ukongeza, indawo ethile yomphezulu (i-sbet) ye-NZVI inyuke ukusuka kwi-47.4549 ukuya kwi-152.52 m2 / g emva kokungaboni nge-rgo. Esi siphumo sinokuchazwa kukuncipha kwepropathi ye-magnetic ye-NZVI emva kokungaboni kakuhle, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa indawo yobuqhetseba kunye nokwandisa indawo yemigangatho. Ukongeza, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Fig. Esi siphumo sivumelana ne-El-Monamm et al. 45.
Ukuvavanya amandla omsebenzi wokususa i-DC phakathi kwe-RGO / NZVI i-NZVI ixhomekeke kulwando lokuqala, ukuthelekisa kwenziwe ngokongeza idosi nganye (i-0.05 g) ukuya kwi-DC. Isisombululo esiphanda [25]. -100 Mg L-1] nge-25 ° C. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ubuchule bokususa (i-94.6%) ye-RGO / i-NZVI imbonakalo yayiphezulu kuneyona nto ye-NZVI (90%) kwindawo yoxinzelelo olusezantsi (i-25 mg l-1). Nangona kunjalo, xa ukugxininiswa kokuqalisa kwandiswa ukuya kwi-100 mg l-1, ukususwa kwemali yeRGE / NZVI kunye ne-NZVI ane-NZVI awenzileyo ibe ngama-70% kunye ne-65%, enokubangelwa zizinto ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo ze-NZVV. Ngokuchasene noko, i-RGO / NZVU ibonise ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-DC, enokubangelwa yimpembelelo ye-RGO kunye ne-NZVI, apho i-RGE / NZVI, i-DC inokuthi i-acked NZVI. Ukongeza, kwi-Fig. I-6B ibonisa ukuba umthamo we-adsorction we-RGE / NZVI kunye ne-NZVVI inyusa ukusuka kwi-9.4 mg / g ukuya kwi-30 mg / g kunye ne-9 mg / g, i-MG / L. -1.1 ukuya kwi-28.73 mg g g-1. Ke ngoko, izinga lokususa i-DC lalilungelelaniswa ngokungafanelekanga kunye nenani lokuqala le-DC, elalingeneleli kwinani eliqingqiweyo lamaziko okuphendula axhaswe yi-adsorblent kunye nokususwa kwe-DC ngesisombululo. Ngenxa yoko, kunokugqitywa kwezi ziphumo zokuba i-RGO / NZVVIA inezinto eziphezulu ze-adsorction kunye nokuncitshiswa, kunye ne-rgo yokuqulunqwa kwe-RGO / NZVI ingasetyenziswa zombini i-adsorblen kunye nendawo enesidingo.
Umthamo wokukhupha kunye ne-DC ye-DC ye-RGE / NZVI kunye ne-NZVV i (A, B) [CO = 25, T = i-1-100 Mg L-1 ° C, Dose = 0.05 m], i-Dose = 0.05 g], i-DEE = i-0.05 g], i-Dose = 0.05 g], i-DOSE = i-0.05 g], i-DOSE = i-0.05 g], i-DEE = i-0.05 m. Kwisikhundla se-adsortion kunye ne-DC yokususa kwi-RGO / I-NZVVIAT (C) [C) [C) [CO = 50 MG L-1, i-PH = 25 ° C, Dose = 0.05 g].
Isisombululo se-PH sisiphumo esibalulekileyo kufundisiso lweenkqubo ze-adsorption, kuba ichaphazela inqanaba le-ionsus, intetho kunye ne-ionsus ye-adsorblent. Uvavanyo lwenziwa nge-25 ° C nge-Adsorgble Dose (i-0.05 g) kunye noxinzelelo lokuqala lwe-50 mg l-1 kwi-PH Uluhlu (3-11). Ngokutsho kovavanyo loncwadi46, i-DC yimolekyuli ye-ampyorkhicic enamaqela aliqela anokufikisa (iiphenols, amaqela ase-Amino, amalahle e-Amininol) kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-PH. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ye-DC kunye nezakhiwo ezinxulumene noko kumphezulu we-RGO / NZVI zinokunxibelelana ngokwee-elektrostatic kwaye zinokubakho njenge-cullic (i-DC3 + i-Zwitterion (i-DCH20) kwi-ANC2-) kwi-PH 7.7. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ye-DC kunye nezakhiwo ezinxulumene noko kumphezulu we-RGO / NZVI zinokunxibelelana ngokwee-elektrostatic kwaye zinokubakho njenge-cullic (i-DC3 + i-Zwitterion (i-DCH20) kwi-ANC2-) kwi-PH 7.7. I-RGE / NZVI м а айййййй TM TM TM TM элете иществать в тите и ттеров и аниов и аниов, молекует д кртона (DCH3 (DCH3 (DCH3 +) при р <теритерн o uthela (DCH20) 3,3 <pH <7,2 и арион. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ye-DC kunye nezakhiwo ezinxulumene nomgangatho we-RGO / NZVI zinokusebenzisana ngokwee-elektrostatically kwaye zinokubakho ngohlobo lweekati, ii-zewlions, kunye nee-afanion; I-DC Molecule ikhona njenge-cation (DCH3 +) kwi-PH <3.3; I-Ionic (i-DCH20) 3.3 <pH <7.7 kunye ne-Aion (DC. okanye i-DC2-) kwi-PH 7.7.因此, DC 的各种功能和 rgo / 的各种功能和, 并可能以阳离子, DC 分子在 ph <3.3 分子在 (DCH3 +) 的形式存在, 两性离子 (DC.2 <) 和阴离子 () 在 在 7.7.因此, DC 的 种 功能 和 和 和 复合 表面 表面 相关 相关 结构 可能 发生 静电 静电 静电 静电 两 两性 两阳离子阳离子 性阳离子 阳离子阳离子阳离子阳离子 阳离子阳离子阳离子 阳离子阳离子阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子阳离子.或 DC2-) 在 phe 7.7. I-рзнличовате ф кgo / NZVI могут пт Okuxhomekeka / ц атичесстияичввия и ктюся катиоными мцмми (цццг3 +) при рн <3,3. Ke ngoko, imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yezakhiwo ze-DC kunye nezakhiwo ezinxulumene ne-RGE / NZVI zingangena kwifom yeendlela, ii-zewiterions, ngelixa i-ze-i-i-DC3 +) kwi-PH <3.3. Он существует в видеритетеритееритетери 3) при 3 аниононононононононононононононононононононононононононоН Ikhona njenge-ZWiterion (i-DCH20) kwi-3.3 <pH <7.7 kunye ne-ANC2 okanye i-DC2-) kwi-PH 7.7.Ngonyuso lwe-PH ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-7, isikhundla se-Adsorction kunye nokuSebenza kwe-DC kwandiswa ukusuka kwi-11.2 mg / g (55%) ukuya kwi-17 mg / g (i-6c). Nangona kunjalo, njengoko i-PH yonyuke yaya kwi-9 ne-11, isikhundla sokwamkelwa kunye nokususwa kokususwa kwehle, ukusuka kwi-10.6 mg / g (53%) ukuya kwi-6 mg / g (30%), ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngokwanda kwe-PH ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-7, i-DCS yayikwindlela ye-Zwviterions, eyabenza bathambekele ngokungekho mthethweni onomdla okanye i-rgo / nzvi engaqhelekanga. Njengoko i-PH inyuswe ngaphezulu kwe-8.2, umphezulu we-adsorblent wawuhlawuliswa kakubi, ngenxa yoko umthamo we-adsorption wancipha kwaye wehla ngenxa yokubuyiselwa kwe-electrostatic phakathi kwe-doxycycline ebizelwe kakubi. Le meko iphakamisa ukuba i-DC Adsorction kwi-RGO / NZVI imveliso ye-PH ixhomekeke, kwaye iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-RGO / NZVI imveliso ifanelekile njengabavuni phantsi kwe-acidic kunye neemeko ezithile.
Iziphumo zobushushu kwi-adsorption yesisombululo se-DC senziwe (25-55 ° C). Umzobo 7A ubonisa isiphumo sokunyuka kweqondo lobushushu le-DC amayeza e-DC / NZVI, kucacile ukuba amandla okususa kunye ne-47% kunye ne-47% kunye ne-7.83 mg / g. , ngokulandelelana. Oku kuncipha okubonakalayo kunokubangelwa kukwanda kwamandla e-DC ii-ions, okukhokelela ekuthathweni kwemvume47.
Iziphumo zobushushu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-CD kwi-CD kwiRGE / NZVI I-L-1, PH = 7, T = 25 ° C] (c, D) [CO = 25, T = 25 ° C, iDose = 0.05 g].
Isiphumo sokwandisa idosi ye-adsorblent rgoin rgo / nzvi ukusuka kwi-0.01 g ukuya kwi-0.01 g kwi-0.01 g kwi-0.07 g kwi-Equentisol Equintration kunye nomthamo we-adsorce oboniswa kwi-Fig.. I-7b. Ukonyuka kwedosi ye-adsorblent kukhokelela ekunciphiseni komthamo we-adsorction ukusuka kwi-33.43 MG / G kwi-6.74 mg / g. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhula kwedosi ye-adsorblent ukusuka kwi-0.01 g ukuya kwi-0.07 g, ukunyanzeliswa kokususwa kunyuswa ukusuka kwi-66.8% ukuya kwi-96%, enokunxulunyaniswa nokwanda kwenani lamaziko eNanocoMOMOMOMOMOMOMOMOM.
Isiphumo sokugxininisa okokuqala kubume be-adsortion kunye nokusebenza ngokukuko [kwi-25-100 Mg L-1, 25 ° C, i-DOS 0 7, iDome 0.05 g] yayifundwe. Xa uxinzelelo lokuqala lwanyuswa ukusuka kwi-25 mg l-1 ukuya kwi-100 Mg L-1, ipesenti yokukhupha i-RGO / ipesenti ye-RGE / i-NZVI. . I-ading brings enkulu ye-DC49. Kwelinye icala, njengoko ukugxininiswa kokuqala, isikhundla sokuqala sanda ukusuka kwi-9.4 mg / g ukuya kwi-30 mg / g kude kufikelele kwi-aquilibrium (Fig. 7D). Le ntetho ingenakufikeleleka kungenxa yokwanda kwemisebenzi yokuqhuba kunye ne-DC ye-DC enkulu kune-DC ion ye-DC ion yokudluliselwa kwe-DC ion yokufikelela kumphezulu we-50 ye-RGE / NZVI.
Ixesha lokuqhakamshelana nesifundo se-kinetic sijolise ekuqondeni ixesha elilinganayo le-adsorb. Okokuqala, isixa se-DC e-Adredd kwimizuzu engama-40 yokuqala yexesha lokunxibelelana lalimalunga nesiqingatha senani lonke le-eved ngaphezulu kwexesha lonke (imizuzu eli-100). Ngelixa iimolekyuli ze-DC kwi-collide yesisombululo esenza ukuba zifuduke ngokukhawuleza kumphezulu we-RGO / NZVI ekhokelela kwi-adsorption. Emva kwe-40 yemizuzu, i-DC Adsorction inyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye kancinci de i-aquililibrium ifikeleleke emva kwe-60 min (Fig. 7D). Njengoko isixa esifanelekileyo sikhutshiwe kwimizuzu engama-40 yokuqala, kuya kubakho ukungqubana okumbalwa kunye neemolekyuli ze-DC kunye neesayithi ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo ziya kufumaneka kwiimolekyuli ezingavumelekanga. Ke ngoko, inqanaba le-adsorption linokuncitshiswa51.
Ukuqonda ngcono i-Kinetics Kinetics, i-plots yomgca we-pseudo i-oda (Fig. Ukusuka kwiiparameter ezifunyenwe kwizifundo ze-kinetic (itafile ye-S1), kuyacaca ukuba imodeli ye-pseudosecond yimodeli efanelekileyo yokuchaza i-Kinetics ichaza i-Kinetics Kinetics, apho ixabiso le-R2 lisetwe ngaphezulu kwezinye iimodeli ezimbini. Kukho ukufana phakathi kwezakhono ze-addloci (qa, cal). I-oda yesibini ye-pseudo-yesibini kunye namaxabiso ovavanyo (QE, exp.) Ngaba bubungqina obungakumbi bokuba i-oda ye-pseudo-yesibini yimodeli yesibini engcono kunezinye iimodeli. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 1, amaxabiso e-α (inqanaba le-adsortion) kunye ne-β (i-desorption) Qinisekisa ukuba izinga le-Adsorption liphezulu kune-DC i-DC / NZVIL52. .
I-Adsorction ye-Adsorction ye-Kinetic Kinetic ye-Pseudo-yesibini (a), iodolo yokuqala ye-pseudo (b) kunye ne-Elovich (c) [c) [c) [c) [c) [c) [CO = ° C, Dose = 0.05 g].
Izifundo ze-Adsotherms ziyanceda ukumisela amandla omsebenzi we-adsorbant (i-RGO / NRVI Owona mthamo uphezulu we-adsorsela wabalwa usebenzisa i-langmuir i-Isotherm, echaze ukuba i-adsorupeous kwaye ibandakanya ukwenziwa kwe-adsorbate monolayer kumphezulu we-adsorbant ngaphandle kokusebenzisana phakathi kwabo53. Ezinye iimodeli ze-isotherm ezisetyenzisiweyo ngokubanzi ziimodeli ze-freundlich kunye ne-chenkin. Nangona imodeli ye-freundlich ayisetyenziswanga ukubala amandla e-adsorction, kuyanceda ukuqonda inkqubo ye-heterogeneous kwaye izithuba zomsebenzi zinemozulu eyahlukeneyo, ngelixa imodeli ye-tenkin inceda ekuqondeni iipropathi zomzimba kunye nekhemikhali ye-addlon.
Amanani 9A-C Ibonisa i-prots ye-langmuir, i-freindlich, kunye nemodeli ye-tekin, ngokwahlukeneyo. Amaxabiso e-R2 ukubalwa ukusuka kwi-freeundlich (Fig. Owona mthamo mkhulu we-adsorction (i-QMAX), ukubalwa usebenzisa imodeli ye-langmuir isotherm, yayingama-31.61 Mg G-1. Ukongeza, ixabiso elibaliweyo lento eyodwa yokwahlula-hlula (i-RL) iphakathi kwe-0 ne-1 (0.097), ebonisa inkqubo efanelekileyo ye-adsonger. Ngaphandle koko, i-freundlich ebaliweyo (n = 2.756) ibonisa ukhetho lwenkqubo yokufundela. Ngokwemodeli yomgca we-shenkinin (Fig. 9C), i-adsorction ye-DC kwi-RGO / NZV POSTAL yinkqubo ye-adsorm, kuba i-B yi-82 kj mol-1 (0.408) 55. Nangona i-adsorption yomzimba ihlala iphindwe ngobuthathaka kwi-van der imikhosi ye-van der, i-adserption yangoku kwi-RGE / NZVI imveliso ifuna i-Ansoncer.
I-freundlich (a), i-langmuir (b), kunye ne-Thenkin (C) i-Adsorms ye-Adsother [CO = 25-100 MG L-1, T = 0.05 g]. Ibali le-Hoff Hallf i-I-DC Adsorption ye-RGO / NZVI ICOSTATES (d) [C) [CO = 25, T = 0.05 g].
Ukuvavanya isiphumo sokutshintsha kobushushu be-DC ukusuka kwi-DC ukusuka kwi-RGO / NZVI i-paramester, i-thermodynamic parameter enotshintsho (ΔH), kunye notshintsho lwamandla esimahla (ΔG) babalwa ukusuka kwi-equations. I-3 ne-458.
Apho \ ({k} _ {e \) = \ frac {{i-\ {{i-\ {{\) R kwaye i-RT irhasi igesi rhoqo kunye neqondo lokushisa, ngokulandelelana. Ukucwangcisa i-ln ke ngokuchasene ne-1 / t inika umgca othe ngqo (i-9D) apho i-ΔS kunye ne-δ i igqityiwe.
Ixabiso elibi le-δH libonisa ukuba inkqubo i-exoyermic. Kwelinye icala, ixabiso le-δH likwinkqubo ye-adsortion. Iinqobo ezimbi ze-OTG kwiTheyibhile 3 zibonisa ukuba i-adsorption inokwenzeka kwaye iyingozi. Amaxabiso amabi e-ΔS abonisa uku-odola okuphezulu kweemolekyuli ze-adsorble kwi-DeloweleS (iTheyibhile 3).
Itheyibhile 4 ithelekisa i-RGO / NZVVIX kunye nabanye abantshisi abaxeliweyo kwizifundo zangaphambili. Kucacile ukuba i-vgo / i-NCVI inomthamo ophezulu kwaye inokuba yinto ethembisayo yokususwa kwe-DC amayeza e-DC ukusuka emanzini. Ukongeza, i-adsorvo ye-RGO / i-NZVI i-Ispospossites yinkqubo ekhawulezayo enexesha lokulingana kwimizuzu engama-60. IPropathi ye-adsorption ye-adsorption ye-RGE / NZVI inokuthi ichazwe yimpembelelo ye-RGO kunye ne-NZVV.
Amanani 10A, B Yenza umzekelo wendlela esengqiqweni yokususwa kwe-DC amayeza e-DC i-RGO / NZVI kunye ne-NZVI super. Ngokweziphumo zovavanyo kwisiphumo se-PH kwimpumelelo ye-DC Adsorction, ekwandeni kwe-PH ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-7, i-DC engalawulwanga ngamanxuwa e-RGOstatic, kuba yenze njengeZitori; Ke ngoko, utshintsho kwixabiso le-pH aluchaphazeli inkqubo ye-adsorm. Emva koko, indlela ye-adsornge ilawulwa kukudibana okungafaniyo no-Elldrogetic of Hydrogen, i-hydrophobic iziphumo, kunye ne-π-π-π-π-π-π-π kunye ne-DCVI BOKUGQIBELA kunye ne-DCVI BOKUGQIBELA kunye ne-DCVI. Kuyaziwa ukuba indlela ye-adserbac ye-ibhusi kumphezulu wegraphene ichaziwe ngu-π-π-π-π itreyitha njengamandla okuqhuba. Isimo sengxwabangxwaba yinto efana ne-graphene kunye nelona nqanaba le-adsal Ngokusekwe kubukho bamakhonkco amane avuthayo kwimozulu ye-MC Adphosote, siyayifumana i-hi-π-elekli-elekli-elekli-elektroni) kunye nengingqi etyebileyo kwi-elektroniki kumhlaba we-rom. / I-NZVI imveliso. Ukongeza, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Fig. I-10b, i-ftr ifundwe ukufundisisane ne-molecular ye-RGO / i-NZVI imveliso ye-DC, kunye ne-fir spectra ye-RGO / NZVI imveliso emva kokuba i-DC Adsorption iboniswe kumzobo 10b. I-10b. Incopho entsha ibonwa nge-21111 cm-1, ehambelana nenkqubo yokuguquguquka kwe-C = C Brand, ebonisa ubukho bamaqela e-RGO / i-NZVI. Ezinye iincopho zivela kwi-1561 ukuya kwi-1548 cm-1 kwaye ukusuka kwi-1399 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm idlala indima yegraphene kunye ne-organic ungcoliseko lwegraphema kunye nongcoliseko lwendalo68,69. Emva kokuba i-DC Adsorction, ubukhulu beqela leoksijini, ezinje ngo-3270 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1, ecebisa ukuba i-hydrogen ye-hydrogen yenye yeendlela ze-hydrogen. Ngenxa yoko, ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo, i-DC Adsorption kwi-RGO / NZVU yenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa ye-π-π-π-π ne-H-π.
Indlela yokuhamba ngengqondo ye-DC antibiotics ngu-RGO / NZVI kunye ne-NZVIS STOMS (a). I-ftr adsorction spectra ye-DC kwiRGO / NZVI kunye neNZVI (b).
Ubunzulu beendiza ze-NZVVI nge-3244, 1645, i-1511 cm-1 i-CM-1 inyuke emva kwe-NCVE ye-DC. Nangona kunjalo, le pesenti iphantsi yosulelo kuwo onke amaqela aqwalaselweyo abonisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwindawo ye-adsorction ye-adsorbent (i-NZVV) ngokuthelekiswa nenkqubo ye-NZVI ngaphambi kwenkqubo ye-NZVI ngaphambi kwenkqubo ye-NZVI ngaphambi kwenkqubo ye-NZVI ngaphambi kwenkqubo ye-NZVI ngaphambi kwenkqubo ye-NZVI ngaphambi kwenkqubo ye-NZVI. Ngokutsho kophando olususwayo lwe-DC nge-NZVI71, xa i-NZVI iphinda ikhutshwe nge-H2O, i-elektroniki ikhutshelwe kwaye i-H + isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-hydrogen esebenzayo. Okokugqibela, ezinye iikhawuntarics ziyasamkela ii-elektroni ezivela kwi-hydrogen esebenzayo, ezikhokelela kwi-intanethi
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-14 ukuya ku-1222