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Muri uyu murimo, abanyamakuru Rgo / NZVI basinzira bwa mbere bakoresheje uburyo bworoshye kandi bwabagenzi bashya bakuramo chimie yumuhondo no guhagarika imiti yicyatsi "icyatsi" cyangiza imiti. Ibikoresho byinshi byakoreshejwe mu kwemeza synthesis yatsinze ibikomano, nka Sem, EDX, XPS, XD, na FITA, byerekana ibihimbano byatsinze. Ubushobozi bwo gukuraho hamwe na NZVI nziza NZVI muburyo butandukanye bwo gutangira kwibanda kuri doxycycline ya antibiyotike yagereranijwe no gukora iperereza ku ngaruka za synorgistique hagati ya Rgo na Nzvi. Munsi yo gukuraho 25MG L-1, 25 ° 25.05g, igipimo cyo gukuraho umusoro wa NGO / NZVI cyageze kuri 90,6%, cyemeza ko NZVI na RO. Igikorwa cyo kwamamaza gihuye ningingo ya pseudo-ya kabiri kandi imaze kumvikana neza hamwe nubushobozi bwimiterere ntarengwa ya 31.61 MG G-1 ° C na PH 7. Uburyo bushyize mu gaciro bwo gukuraho DC bwarasabwe. Byongeye kandi, kongera guhura na Rgo / Nzvi byari 60% nyuma yinzinguzingo itandatu ikurikiranye.
Ubuke bw'amazi n'umwanda ubu birabangamiye ibihugu byose. Mu myaka yashize, umwanda w'amazi, cyane cyane umwanda wa antibiotike, wiyongereye kubera umusaruro no kunywa mugihe cya Covid-19 ,,,3. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo gukuraho antibiyotike mumata kumazi ni umurimo wihutirwa.
Kimwe muri antibiyotike ya kimwe cya kabiri kirwanya kuva mu itsinda rya tetracycline ni doxycycline (DC) 4,5. Byavuzwe ko ibisigazwa bya DC mumazi yubusa n'amazi yo hejuru ntibishobora kwandura, gusa 20-50% ni metabolize kandi abasigaye barekuwe mubidukikije, bitera ibibazo bikomeye ibidukikije nibidukikije.
Guhura na DC mu nzego zo hasi birashobora kwica mikorobe y'amafoto y'amafoto, kandi yongera kurwanya bagiteri irwanya amafoto, kandi yongera kurwanya bagiteri itemewe, bityo iyi yanduye igomba kuvanwa mu mazi. Gutesha agaciro kamere ya DC mumazi ni inzira itinda cyane. Ibikorwa bya fiziki-chimique nkamafoto, biodegradionation na adsorption birashobora gutesha agaciro gusa kwibanda no ku giciro gito. Ariko, ubukungu bwinshi bwubukungu, bworoshye, bworoshye, byoroshye gukora nuburyo bunoze ni adsorprip9,10.
Nano zero valent iron (nZVI) is a very powerful material that can remove many antibiotics from water, including metronidazole, diazepam, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Ubu bushobozi buterwa numuntu utangaje Nzvi afite, nkibisanzwe byo kwitonda, ahantu hanini, hamwe nubushakashatsi bugera hanze11. Ariko, NZVI yakundaga kwiyongera mu bitangazamakuru bya kane kubera imbaraga za Van der na Magnetike yo hejuru ya magneti, igabanya imikorere yo gukuraho abapfumu kubera ko igenamigambi rya NZVI10.12. Guhuza ibice bya NZVA birashobora kugabanuka no guhinduranya hejuru hamwe na surfactians na polymes cyangwa kubihuza nibindi bya kane byo kunoza umutekano wabo mu bidukikije13,14.
GrafeNE ni karubone ebyiri karubone igizwe na sp2 atome ya karubone itunganijwe mu kayira gake. Ifite ubuso bunini, imbaraga zikomeye zubukanishi, ibikorwa byiza bya electrocataltic, imikorere myiza yubushyuhe, hamwe nibikoresho byihuta, hamwe nibikoresho bikwiye kugirango ushyigikire anorganicle nanoparticles yacyo Ihuriro ryicyuma nanoparticles na Grayphene birashobora kurengera cyane inyungu za buri kintu kandi, kubera imitungo yacyo ikaze, itanga ikwirakwizwa ryiza rya Nanoparporce nziza yo kuvura amazi meza15.
Inteko y'ibimera nuburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya imiti igabanya imiti ikoreshwa mubisanzwe muri synthesis yagabanijwe (RGO) na NZVI kuko bihamye, intambwe imwe, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkuwagabanye abakozi. Kimwe na flavonoide nibihugu byamahenga kandi bikora nk'intagondwa. Kubwibyo, Atriplex halimosusi l. Ikibabi cyakoreshejwe nkigiciro cyo gusana no gufunga synthesis cy'amazuka / NZVvi muri ubu bushakashatsi. Atriplex Halimasi wo mu muryango Amaranthaceae ni igihuru cya azote kimeze nk'indwara y'amaraso hamwe na geografiya nini16.
Dukurikije ibitabo biboneka, Atriplex Halimamusi (A. Halimasi) yakoreshejwe mbere yo gukora uburyo bwa Rgo / NZVI muburyo bwubukungu kandi bwinshuti synthesis. Rero, intego yiyi mirimo igizwe nibice bine: (1) Phytosynthesis ya Rgo / Nzvi hamwe na Nzvi Doxycycline antibiyotike mu bipimo bitandukanye bya reaction, hindura imiterere yimikorere ya adsorption, (3) gukora iperereza ibikoresho bigizwe nibikoresho bitandukanye bikomeza nyuma yo kuvura.
Doxycycline Hydrochloride (DC, MM = 480.90, Feclide, 98% Sodium hydroxide (naoh, 97%), Ethanol (C2HONOH, 99.9%) na aside hydrochloric (HCL, 37%) yaguzwe na Merck, muri Amerika. Nacl, KCL, Cacl2, MGCL2 na MGCL2 baguzwe na Tiajin Comio Reagent Co., Ltd. Reagents zose zifite isuku ndende. Amazi yatonewe kabiri yakoreshejwe mugutegura ibisubizo byose bitangaje.
Ingendo zihagarariye A. Halimamu yakusanyijwe aho batuye muri Delta no mu bihugu ku nkombe ya Mediterane yo mu Misiri. Ibikoresho byibimera byakusanyirijwe hakurikijwe umurongo ngenderwaho wigihugu ndetse n'amahanga17. Prof. Mowal Fawzi yagaragaje ingero z'ibihingwa nk'uko Boulos18, kandi ishami ry'ubumenyi bw'ishami rya kaminuza ya Alexandria ryemerera icyegeranyo cy'amoko y'ibimera byize ku ntego za siyansi. Icyitegererezo cya Inyemezabutumwa cyabereye muri kaminuza ya Tanta (Tane), inyemezabuguzi Nos. 14 122-14 127, ikibaya rusange gitanga uburyo bwo kubitsa. Byongeye kandi, gukuraho umukungugu cyangwa umwanda, gabanya amababi yikimera mo uduce duto, ryome inshuro 3 hamwe namazi yaka, hanyuma akama kuri 50 ° C. Igihingwa cyarajanjaguwe, 5 g cyifu cyiza rwibijwe muri ml 100 y'amazi yatoboye kandi akangurira kuri 70 ° C kuri 20 min kugirango abone ibice. Abakurarutse bakuramo bacillus Nikotaae yashunguye binyuze muri Whatman ayungurura impapuro kandi abika mu turukingo rusukuye kandi ndumiwe kuri 4 ° C kugirango bakoreshe ibindi bikoresho.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1, urugendo rwakozwe mu ifu ya Grayge ifu na Humers Motms yahinduwe. 10 mg yo kujya ifu yatatanye muri ml 50 y'amazi asebanya ku ya 30 min munsi yo kudacoma, hanyuma 0,9 g ya fecl3 na 2.9 g ya Naac yavanze kuri 60. 20 ml ya atriplex yamababi yamababi yongewe kumuti ukabije hamwe no gukangurira hanyuma usigaranye kuri 80 ° C kumasaha 8. Ihagarikwa ry'umurabura ryavuyemo ryarushijeho gushungura. Abasirikare ba Nanocomposite bogejwe hamwe namazi ya Ethanol na Bidiolike hanyuma baruma mumatako ya vacuum saa kumi n'ebyiri.
Amafoto ya Synthesic na Digital Synthesis yicyatsi / NZVvi na NZVI kandi yo gukuraho DC antibiotique ya DC yaturutse kumazi yanduye akoresheje imurikagurisha rya halimlex.
Muri make, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1, 10 mL z'icyuma cya chloride kirimo amafaranga 0,05. Ifuru ya vacuum kuri 60 ° C. Ijoro ryose.
Ibihingwa-by synthesiaden of Nzvi na NZVI byaranzwe na UV-kugaragara (T70 / T80 Urukurikirane rwa PG, LT ibikoresho LTD, UKS.-800 Nm Gusesengura imiterere no gukwirakwiza ibipimo bya Rgo / Nzvi na NZVI, Tem Stratropi (Joel, Jem-2100f, Ubuyapani, yihutisha voltage 200 kv) yakoreshejwe. Gusuzuma amatsinda yimikorere ashobora kugira uruhare mu gukuramo ibimera ashinzwe kugarura no gukora neza, FT-IR specrometero (Jasco specrometero imwe ya cm 4000-600. Byongeye kandi, Zeta ashobora gusesengura (Zetasizer nano zs Malvern) yakoreshejwe mukwiga hejuru ya Nanomarikile ya Syntheterial. Kuri x-ray gupima ibipimo by'ifu ya Nanomarial, x-ray itandukanye (X'pert Pro, yakorewe kuri 40 (40 kV) muri 80 ° na clatiya ya COLDA = \) 1.54056 AO). Ingufu zidashira X-Ray Spekrometer (EDX) (Model Jeol Jsm-Itm-IT100 kuri X. Ifu ya powder ikanda kumutego, ishyirwa mucyumba cya vacuum. CI 1 s Spectrum yakoreshejwe nkibyerekeranye na 284.58 ev kugirango imenye imbaraga zihuza.
Ubushakashatsi bwa adsoption bwakozwe kugirango agerageze gukora neza muri Rgo / NZVICOMSITES mu gukuraho doxycycline (DC) kuva kubisubizo bitangaje. Ubushakashatsi bwamamaza bwakozwe muri 25 ML Erlenmeyer Flasks kumuvuduko wa 200 rpm kuri orbital (ssl1 shaker Gusuzuma ingaruka za Rgo / NSVI ku bijyanye no gutangaza ibibanza, Nanocometes yuburemere butandukanye (0.01-0.07 g) yongewe kuri ml ya DC igisubizo cya DC. Kwiga Kinetics na Amato ya Adsorms, 0.05 G ya Adsorbent yibanze kumuti wa CD hamwe nibitekerezo byambere (25-100 MG L-1). Ingaruka za PH kuri DC yo gukuraho DC yize kuri PH (3-11) nigitekerezo cyambere cya 50 mg l-1 kuri 25 ° C. Hindura PH ya sisitemu wongeyeho umubare muto wa HCL cyangwa Naoh Ph Meter, Phi Meter, PH 25). Byongeye kandi, ingaruka zubushyuhe bwo gukora ku bushakashatsi bwamamaza mu rugero rwa 25-55 ° C rwakorewe iperereza. Ingaruka zimbaraga za ionic kuri gahunda yo kwamamaza wize wongeyeho imyumvire itandukanye ya Nacl (0.01-4 Mol L-1) kuri 8 MG L-1, 25), 25 hamwe nigipimo cya adsorbent cya 0.05 g. Adsorption ya DC idashimwa DC yapimwe ukoresheje igiciro cya kabiri cya UV-vis, T80 LETA, UK 'ifite ibikoresho bya CM Uburebure (λmax) ya 270 na 350 nm. Gukuraho ijanisha rya DC Antibiotique (R%; EQ. 1) hamwe na adsorption Umubare wa DC, Qt, Eq. 2 (MG / G) yapimwe ukoresheje ikigereranyo gikurikira.
Aho% r ari ubushobozi bwa DC (%), CO ni kwibanda kuri DC icyarimwe 0, na C ni kwibanda kuri DC mugihe t, kurubuga (MG L-1).
aho QE ifite umubare wa DC yagurijwe kuri misa ya adsorbent (mg g-1), co ni uburinganire bwa zeru no kuri equilibrium, na m nigitabo cya adsoption (g).
SEM amashusho (Imitini. Byongeye kandi, hari iminkanyari mu kibabi cy Rgo, yemeza ko yakuyeho amatsinda akubiyemo ogisijeni icyarimwe hamwe no kugarura A. Halimusi genda. Iyi minkles nini ikora nkimbuga zo gupakira neza icyuma nps. NZVI amashusho (FIG. Ingano yacitsemo ibice 15-26 nm. Ariko, uturere tumwe na tumwe dufite morfologiya yubuzima hamwe n'imiterere y'ikiyoge n'inyoni, bishobora gutanga ubushobozi bwiza bwa NZVI, kubera ko bashobora kongeramo uburyo bwo guhindura dc molekile ku isi ya NZVvi. Igihe Rosa Damasiko yakoreshwaga muri Synthesis ya NZVI, ababonye ba mbere bahuye, hamwe n'amatara n'amashusho atandukanye kandi bikagabanya imikorere yabo muri CR (VI) no kongera impamvu yo kwidomo 23. Ibisubizo bihuye na NZVI bivuye mu mababi ya Oak na Mulberry, bikaba bikabije nanoparticles na Nanoter bitandukanye na nanometero itandukanye na agglomera.
SEM amashusho ya Rgo / NZVI (AC), NZVI (D, e) Abakadiri na EDX ishusho ya NZVI / RO (G) na Nzvi (H).
Ibigize by'agateganyo by'ibihingwa byanditswemo / NZVI na NZVI byibaga ukoresheje EDX (FIG. 2G, H). Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko Nzvi igizwe na karubone (38.29% kuri misa), ogisijeni (47.41% by misa), ariko n'ibindi bintu na misa), nabyo bikaba bishobora kuboneka mu bikura. Byongeye kandi, ijanisha ryinshi rya karubone na ogisijeni biterwa nuko hariho phytochemicals ziva mu bimera mu byitegererezo by subsurface Nzvi. Ibi bintu bikwirakwizwa kuri rgo ariko mubipimo bitandukanye: C (39.16 WT%), O (46.98 WT%), EDX RGO / 10,99 WT% Ikigereranyo C: o kuringaniza nicyuma muri Rgo / NZVI Nkoresheje A. Halimas nibyiza kuruta gukoresha ibibabi bya eucalyptus, kuko biranga ibigize C (23.44 Wt.%) Na FE (8.27 WT.%). wt%) 25. Nataša et al.
Morphologiya ya NZVI ya synthesised mubimera (Ishusho. Iyi myitwarire yiyibumbanyi nubucuruzi irahuye neza nibisubizo bya Sem. Indorerezi nk'iyi yabonetse na Abdhamaatah et al. Muri 2021 ubwo Paator Pron Leaan asohoka muri synthesis ya NZVI11. Ruelas Tuberosa ibibabi bya NPS bikoreshwa nkumukozi ugabanya muri NZVvi ufite kandi imiterere ya spherical hamwe na diameter ya 20 kugeza 40 nm26.
Hybrid Rgo / Nzvi Coposhite Tem amashusho (Igishushanyo S2C-D) yerekanaga ko Rgo ari indege yibanze hamwe nindege nyinshi hamwe ninkurikizi nyinshi zitanga imbuga nyinshi za NZVvi nps; Iyi morhology ya Lamellar nayo yemeza ko yatsinzwe na Rgo. Byongeye kandi, NZVI NPS ifite imiterere ya spherical hamwe nubunini buva kuri 5.32 kugeza kuri 27 Nm kandi byinjijwe munzira nyabagendwa hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri. Ibibabi bya Eucalyptus byakoreshwaga muri synthezes FE Nps / Rgo; Ibisubizo kuri temme bishimangira kandi ko iminkanyari mu ruganda rwa Rgo yazamuye gutatanya urugero rwa FE Nps zirenze urugero rwa FE NPS kandi yongereye imitekerereze. Ibisubizo nkibi byabonetse na Bagheri et al. 28 Igihe igihimbano gihimbamo gukoresha tekinike ya Ultrasonic ifite impuzandengo ya nyran nanoparticle igera kuri 17.70 nm.
STRIR SPRIRT A. Halimas, Nzvi, Genda, Rgo, na Rgo / NZVA / NZVI / NZVI Yerekanwa mumitini. 3a. Kuba hari amatsinda yimikorere yo hejuru mumababi ya A. Halimamusi agaragara kuri cm 3336, ihuye na polyphenol, na 1244 cm-1, ihuye n'amatsinda ya karubone yakozwe na poroteyine. Andi matsinda nka Alkanes kuri 2918 CM-1, Alkenes kuri 1647 na Wome-o-Co-o-cona-o-cona-o-cona-on-1 kandi ifite inshingano zo kugarura Fe2 + kugeza kuri RO0 hanyuma ujye kuri Rgo29. Muri rusange, Spectra ya NZVI yerekana impinga imwe yinjira nkisuka irakaye, ariko hamwe numwanya wimurika gato. Itsinda ryinshi rigaragara kuri 3244 cm-1 ifitanye isano na yewe kurambura ibirango (phenols), impinga ya aromaje na 1511 na elevhatiods yaziritse kuri cm 1310 na 1190 cm-1, uyobora13. FTIR SPRIADRUM YA GOUT YEREKANA AMASHINGA RYINSHI MU BIKORWA BYINSHI, harimo na Alkoxy (CO) Kurambura itsinda-1, epoxy (co) kurambura itsinda-1, c = o kurambura. Itsinda rya C = c irambuye kunyeganyega kuri 1619 cm-1, itsinda kuri cm 1708 nitsinda ryamatsinda rirambuye, 1 ryemejwe nuburyo bwiza bworoshye, bukaba buranga inzira nziza. Mugihe ugereranya Rgo na RGVI / NZVI hamwe na Go Spectra, ubukana bwamatsinda amwe amwe, nka oh kuri cm ya 3270, mugihe ba CM-1, nka C. O kuri 1729, bagabanutse rwose. Habuze, byerekana gukuraho amatsinda ya ogisijeni arimo kuri A. Halimus. Impinga nshya irangaye ya RO = C Consion igaragara hafi 1560 na 1405 cm-1, yemeza ko igabanuka rya ROG. Gutandukana kuva 1043 kugeza 1015 cm-1 no kuva kuri 982 kugeza 918 cm-1 byagaragaye, birashoboka ko bitewe no kwinjiza ibikoresho 11,32. Weng et ad. 33.
A. FTRIR Spectrum ya Galliyumu, NZVI, RGO, Genda, Copoposite Rgo / NZVI (a). Roentgenogrammy Abamoposite Rgo, Genda, Nzvi na Rgo / Nzvi (B).
Imiterere ya Rgo / NZVI na NZVI byashimangiwe ahanini na X-ray itandukanye (Ishusho 3b). Ingano-yuburemere bwa Fe0 yubatswe kuri 2 44.5 °, ihuye na indangagaciro (110) (jcpd no. 06-0696) 11. Indi mpinga kuri 35.1 ° ya (311) yitwa Magnetite Fe3O4, 63.2 ° irashobora kuba indege ya Miller ya (440) kubera indege ya Flior kubera ko ip υ - feooh (jcpd no. 17-0536) 34. Igishushanyo cya X-ray cya Genda cyerekana impinga iri kuri 2ɵ 10.3 ° N'indi mpinga ku ya 21.1 °, byerekana ko hagaragaye iby'igishushanyo cyuzuye cyo mu gishushanyo no kwerekana ko habaho amatsinda ya ogisijeni hejuru ya Go35. Ibishushanyo mbonera bya Rgo na Rgo / NZVvi byanditseho ibura kugenda impinga no gushiraho impinga nini kuri 2 ɵ 22.17 na 24.7 ° kubahiriza amategeko ya Rgo na Rgo na Rgo na RGV / NZVA, bishimangira ko unyuramo ibimera. Ariko, mu rutonde rw'abaturage ruhimbwe / NZVI, impinga yinyongera ijyanye n'indege ya FE0 (110) na BCC FE0 (200) yagaragaye kuri 44.9 \ (\.22 \ (\ cont \).
Ubushobozi bwa Zeta nubushobozi hagati ya ionic kuruhande rwibice hamwe nigisubizo cyamashanyarazi kigena imiterere ya electrostatic yibikoresho kandi ingana ihungabana ryayo37. Zeta ashobora gusesengura synthesion-nzvi, genda, abanyamakuru Rgo / Nzvi / Nzvi / NZV, -22, na -27 MV, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya S1A-c. . Ibisubizo nkibi bihuye na raporo nyinshi zivuga ko ibisubizo birimo ibice hamwe na Zeta Ibishobora kurengana bitarenze -25 MV muri rusange bitewe no kwanga electrostatike hagati yibi bice. Ihuriro rya rugo na NZVI ryemerera igifungo kubona amafaranga mabi kandi rero ifite umutekano mwinshi kuruta kugenda cyangwa NZVvi wenyine. Kubwibyo, ibintu byo kwanga electrostatike bizaganisha kumurambo wa Rgo / NZVI39. Ubuso bubi bwo kujya kutanyetanya cyane muburyo bwa karemano nta bushakashatsi, bitera ibintu byiza bitera imikoranire na NZVvi. Ikirego kibi gishobora kuba gifitanye isano no kuba hari amatsinda atandukanye yimikorere muri melon ya Melon, nayo yemeza imikoranire iri hagati yicyuma ya GO na NZVI yo gushiraho Rgo na NZVI, bitandukanye, hamwe na rugoye. Ibi bihingwa birashobora kandi gukora nko kubitekereza, nkuko birinda igiteranyo cya nanoparticles yavuyemo bityo bikongera umutekano wabo40.
Ibigize Abagize Ibyingenzi hamwe n'ibihugu bya Valean by'Umuryango wa NZVA na RYV / NZV bigenwa na XP (Ishusho 4). Ubushakashatsi muri rusange XPS bwerekanye ko umuryango wa Rgo / Nzvi ugizwe ahanini nibintu c, o, na fe, bihuye nikarita yo gushushanya (fig. 4). Spectrum ya C1S igizwe nimisozi itatu kuri 284.59 ev, 286.21 ev na 288.21 ev, co na c = o. O1s Spectrum yagabanijwemo impinga eshatu, harimo 531.17 ev, 532.97 ev, na 535.45 ev, yoherejwe muri o = kimwe. Ariko, impinga kuri 710.43, 714.57 na 724.79 ev 3/7, Fe + 3 na FE 12/2. XPS Spectra ya Nzvi (Ishusho 4c-e) yerekanye impinga kubintu c, O, na Fe. Impinga kuri 284.77, 286.25, na 287.62 ev zemeza ko habaho ibyuma-karubone, nkuko bavugana na CC, C-OH, na CO, na co. O1S spectrum ihuye nimpinga eshatu C-O / karubone ya 131.19 ev), hydroxyl radical (532.4 ev) na o (533.47 ev). Impinga kuri 719.6 zitirirwa Fe0, mugihe feooh yerekana impinga 717.3 na 723.7 Ev, impinga kuri 725.8 eve en.43.
XPS Ubushakashatsi bwa NZVI na RGVI / NZVI (A, A, B). Full spectra of nZVI C1s (C), Fe2p (D), and O1s (E) and rGO/nZVI C1s (F), Fe2p (G), O1s (H) composite.
N2 adsorption / posorption isotherm (Ishusho 5a 5a, b) yerekana ko abanyamakuru Nzu na Rgo / NZV / NZV / NZV / NZV / NZV) ari ubwoko bwa II. Mubyongeyeho, ahantu runaka ahantu runaka (SBET) wa NZVI yiyongereye kuva 47.4549 kugeza 152.52 M2 / G nyuma yo guhuma na RO. Ibisubizo birashobora gusobanurwa no kugabanuka mumitungo ya magneti ya NZVI nyuma yo gutuma, bityo bigabanya ubuhumyi no kongera ubuso bwa compos. Byongeye kandi, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5c, ingano ya Pore (8.94 Nm) ya Rgo / NZVI iri hejuru kurenza iy Nzvi yumwimerere (2.873 nm). Ibisubizo birahuye na El-monaem et al. 45.
Kugirango usuzume ubushobozi bwa adsorption kugirango ukure hagati ya Rgo / Nzvi hamwe na NZVI yumwimerere na NZIRI YIHUGUWE mu kwiyongera kwambere, kugereranya nongeraho igipimo gihoraho cya buri soso (0.05 G) kuri DC mu bwimbitse butandukanye. Igisubizo cy'iperereza [25]. -100 mg l-1] kuri 25 ° c. Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko imikorere yo gukuraho (94,6%) ya Rgo / NZVI yashyizwe hejuru kurenza iyanjye NZVI (90%) yo hepfo (25 mg l-1). Ariko, mugihe itangira kwibanda ryiyongereye rigera kuri 100 MG L-1, Kumurwa n'Umubyeyi NZVI byagabanutseho 70% na 65%, bikaba byatewe n'imbuga nkeya. Ibinyuranye, Rgo / NZVI byerekanaga neza imikorere ya DC, bishobora kubera ingaruka zifatika hagati ya Rgo na Nzvi, kandi kubijyanye na RO / NZVI, DC nyinshi zirashobora kwiyoroshya kuruta NZVI. Byongeye kandi, ku gishushanyo 6b yerekana ko ubushobozi bwa advalption ya Rgo / NZVI byiyongereye kuva kuri 9.4 / G kugeza 30 MG / G na 9 MG / G, muburyo, hamwe no kwiyongera mubintu byambere MG / L. -1.1 kugeza 28.73 MG G-1. Kubwibyo, igipimo cyo gukuraho DC cyari kijyanye nabi na dc kwibanda kuri dc ya mbere, byatewe numubare ntarengwa wibigo bya reaction bishyigikiwe na buri adsorbent kuri adsorption no gukuraho DC mubisubizo. Rero, birashobora gusozwa nibisubizo byuko abanyamakuru / NZVI bifite imikorere yo hejuru ya adsorption no kugabanuka, na rgo mubigize rgo / NZVI birashobora gukoreshwa muri adsorbent kandi nkibikoresho bitwara.
Ubushobozi bwo gukuraho na DC bujyanye n'umuryango wa Rgo / Nzvi na NZVI byari (A, BG) [CO = 25 MG L-1 ° TG L - 1 ° TG L-1 ° TG L-0.05 G], PH. Ku bushobozi bwa adsorption na DC Gukuraho Ibirungo bya Rgo / NZVI (C) [CO = 50 MG L-1, PH = 3 ° T = 25.05 g, dose = 0.05 g].
Igisubizo PH nikintu gikomeye mukwiga inzira ya adsorption, kubera ko bigira ingaruka kurwego rwa ionisation, igipimo cya ionisation, igipimo, na ionisation ya adsorbent. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri 25 ° C hamwe na serivise ihoraho (0.05 g) hamwe na concentration yambere ya mg l-1 muri PH (3-11). Dukurikije ibitabo byo mu buvanganzo46, DC ni molekile ampile hamwe nitsinda ryimikorere myinshi ya Ionozi (Fhonols, amatsinda ya amino, alcool) ku nzego zitandukanye. Nkigisubizo, imirimo itandukanye ya DC hamwe ninzego zijyanye nubuso bwa Rgo / NZVI zishobora gukora nka ph <3.3, Zwions, na Aionquile (DC2-) kuri PH 7.7. Nkigisubizo, imirimo itandukanye ya DC hamwe ninzego zijyanye nubuso bwa Rgo / NZVI zishobora gukora nka ph <3.3, Zwions, na Aionquile (DC2-) kuri PH 7.7. В резльтате различные функции бил и связанннуртстистисти электростатически и Могут в виде (DCH3 +) При. Nkigisubizo, imirimo itandukanye ya DC nuburyo bufitanye isano hejuru yubuso bwa Rgo / Nzvi irashobora gukorana nuburyo bwa electrostatique kandi bushobora kubaho muburyo bwa cations, zwions, na anions; Molecule ya DC ibaho nka cation (DCH3 +) kuri PH <3.3; Ionic (DCH20) 3.3 <Ph <7.7 na Ainic (DCC- cyangwa DC2-) kuri PH 7.7..因此, DC 的 种 功能 和 和 和 和 和 复合 复合 表面 的 阳离子 阳离子 阳离子 两 阳离子 阳离子 发生 阳离子 形式 形式.或 DC2-) 在 PH 7.7. Следователо, разлочные функции бер идстствых Им мтитититит вступогуть вступать вступать в электростатическаие взаимодейстия и существать в Монононов, цонононов, иониов, Аниов, Аниов, Аниов, Аниов Катионными (Дцг3 +) При пн <3,3. Kubwibyo, imirimo itandukanye ya DC nuburyo bufitanye isano hejuru yuburyo bwa Rgo / Nzvi burashobora kwinjira muburyo bwa electrostatic kandi ikabaho muburyo bwa stations, na aions, mugihe dc molekic (DCH3) kuri PH <3.3. ОН Существует в Виде цвиттерер-Ина (DCH20) При 3,3 <ph <7,7 Irahari nka Zwitterion (DCH20) kuri 3.3 <ph <7.7 na anion (dCC2-) kuri PH 7.7.Hamwe no kwiyongera muri PH kuva kuri 3 kugeza kuri 7, ubushobozi bwa adsoption hamwe no gukora neza byakuweho kuva 11.2 MG / G (56%) kugeza 17 MG (FIG. 6C). Ariko, nkuko PH yiyongereye kugeza kuri 9 na 11, ubushobozi bwo gukuraho no kuvanagurika bwagabanije bimwe, kuva 10.6 mg / g (53%) kugeza kuri 6 mg / 30%). Hamwe no kwiyongera muri PH kuva kuri 3 kugeza kuri 7, DCs yabayeho cyane cyane muburyo bwa Zwitteryion, bwatumye habaho hafi ya electrostatique cyangwa ikurura hafi ya electrostatatrique cyangwa itwarwa nabami ba Rgo / NZVI, biganjemo imikoranire ya electrotiya. Nkuko PH yiyongereye hejuru ya 8.2, ubuso bwa adsorbent bwari bwarashinjwaga nabi, bityo ubushobozi bwa adsorption bwagabanutse kandi bugabanutse kubera imyanda ya electrostatike hagati ya doxycycline mbi hamwe nubuso bwa adsorbent. Iyi myumvire yerekana ko DC adsorption kuri Rgo / NZVI ari PH yatunzwe cyane, kandi ibisubizo byerekana kandi ko abanyamakuru Rgo / NZVA bibereye nkibiro byintangiriro nibitabo.
Ingaruka zubushyuhe kuri adsorption yibisubizo bya DC byakorewe (25-55 ° C). Igishushanyo 7a cyerekana ingaruka zubushyuhe bwo kwiyongera kwimikorere ya DC / NZVI, biragaragara ko ubushobozi bwo gukuraho hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwamamaza bwiyongereye kuva 83.44% na 77% na 7.83 mg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / gg / g. , kimwe. Uku kugabanuka kwinshi birashobora guterwa no kwiyongera kw'ingufu zubushyuhe bwa DC ion, biganisha kuri desosoption47.
Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bwo kuvanaho neza kandi ibanga rya CD / NZVI (CO = 50 MG L] .
Ingaruka zo kongera igipimo cya Adsorbent Coopostent Rgo / NZVI ziva kuri 0.01 g kugeza 0.07 g ku bushobozi bwo gukuraho hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukuraho bwerekanwe ku gishushanyo.. 7b. Kwiyongera muri Dose ya Adsorbent byatumye hagabanywa mu buryo bwo kugabanuka mu bushobozi bwo kwamamaza guhera 33.43 MG / G kugeza 6.74 MG / G. Ariko, hamwe no kwiyongera mubintu bya adsorbent biva kuri 0.01 g kugera 0.07 g, imikorere yo gukuraho yiyongera kuva kuri 66.8% kugeza 96%, kubwibyo, birashobora guhuzwa no kwiyongera mubigo bikora kuri nanocompos.
Ingaruka zo kwibanda kumwanya wambere no gukora neza [25-100 MG L-1, 25 ° 8, Igice cya 0.05 G] byizwe. Iyo kwibanda kwambere kwariyongereye kuva kuri 25 L-1 kugeza 100 MG L-1, ijanisha ryaho ryagabanutse kuva kuri 94.6% kugeza 65% (FIG. 7c . Absorbs nini ya DC49. Ku rundi ruhande, nk'uko kwibanda kwambere kwiyongera, ubushobozi bwa adsorption nabwo bwiyongereye kuva kuri 9.4 / G kugeza 30 MG / G kugeza kuringaniza. Iyi myitwarire yanze bikunze iterwa no kwiyongera kw'imbaraga zo gutwara hamwe na DC ya mbere ya DC iRon irwanya imirongo ya DC ion irwanya ubuso bwa 50 bwa Rgo / NZVI.
Menyesha igihe na kinetic ubushakashatsi bugamije kumva igihe cya equilibrium yigihe cyamamaza. Ubwa mbere, umubare wa DC wagurijwe mugihe cyiminota 40 yambere yigihe cyambere cyamafaranga yinyongera yahinduwe mugihe cyose (iminota 100). Mugihe molekile ya DC mubisubizo bikabatera kwimuka byihuse kurwego rwa Rgo / NZVvi bikaviramo adsorption ikomeye. Nyuma yiminota 40, adsorption yiyongereye buhoro buhoro buhoro kugeza uburinganire bugeze nyuma ya 60 min (fig. 7d). Kubera ko umubare ushyira mu gaciro wagurishijwe muminota 40 yambere, hazabaho kugongana na dc molekile hamwe nimbuga nke zikora zizaboneka kuri molekile zidahujwe. Kubwibyo, igipimo cyamamaza kirashobora kugabanuka51.
Kugirango usobanukirwe neza ibishirizwa bya adsorption, imirongo yumurongo wa pseudo gahunda yambere (Ishusho ya 8a), gahunda ya kabiri ya pseudo (Ishusho 8c) Moderi ya Kinetic yakoreshejwe. Kuva mubipimo byabonetse mubushakashatsi bwa Kinetic (Imbonerahamwe yerekana ko icyitegererezo cya pseudosecond aricyo cyitegererezo cyiza cyo gusobanura ibipimo bya adsorprics, aho r2 agaciro kashyizwe hejuru kurenza mubundi buryo bubiri. Hariho kandi kimwe hagati yubushobozi bwo kubara (Qe, Cal). Itondekanya rya Pseudo-ya kabiri hamwe nindangagaciro zigeragezwa (qe, exp.) Ese hari ibindi bimenyetso byerekana ko pseudo-gahunda ya kabiri nicyitegererezo cyiza kuruta izindi ngero. Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, indangagaciro za α (igipimo cyambere cyo kwamamaza) na β (desorption buringaniye) zemeza ko igipimo cyamamaza kirenze urugero rwa DC / NZVI52. .
Umurongo wa Adsorption Kinetic Plots ya Pseudo-Iteka rya Pseudo-a), itegeko rya pseudo-ryambere (C) [CO = 1 ° 3 ° 1.
Ubushakashatsi bwaho bwisomu bwa adsorps bufasha kumenya ubushobozi bwa adsorption ya adsorbent (uruhinja / nrvi / muburyo butandukanye bwo kwibanda (DC) nubushyuhe bwa sisitemu. Ubushobozi ntarengwa bwa adsorption bwabazwe hakoreshejwe isotherm isotherm, byerekanaga ko adsorpite yarimo ihuriweho kandi irimo gushiraho monolayer ya adsorbate idafite imikoranire hagati yabo ya 53. Ibindi bibiri byakoreshejwe cyane bya isotherm ni urugero rwa Frandlich na Terkin. Nubwo icyitegererezo cya Frundlich kidakoreshwa mubushobozi bwo kwamamaza, bifasha kumva inzira yuburyo bugezweho kandi imyanya yerekeye adsorbent ifite imbaraga zinyuranye, mugihe imitwe ya temkin ifite imbaraga zinyuranye, mugihe imitwe ya temkin ifite imbaraga zinyuranye, mugihe imitwe ya temkin ifasha gusobanukirwa numubiri na shimi ya adsorption54.
Imibare 9A-c Erekana umurongo wibibanza bya langmuir, freindlich, na moderi ya terkin,. Indangagaciro za R2 zibarwa kuva kuri Frundlich (FIG. Ubushobozi ntarengwa bwa adsorption (QMAX), kubarwa ukoresheje Model ya Langmuir isotherm, yari 31.61 mg g-1. Mubyongeyeho, agaciro kabazwe ingingo zitandukanya ibice (RL) iri hagati ya 0 na 1 (0.097), zerekana inzira nziza yo kumenyekana. Bitabaye ibyo, kubara Freundlich Constant (n = 2.756) yerekana icyifuzo kuri iyi nzira ishingiye. Ukurikije umurongo wumurongo wa tetherm ya Temkin (Ishusho 9c), adsorpription ya DC kuri RO / NZVI nigikorwa cyamamaza kumubiri, kuva b ni j mol-1 (0.408) 55. Nubwo adsorption yumubiri isanzwe ihuza na van der Waals Ingabo, itaziguye adsorption kurubuga rwa Rgo / NZVI zisaba imbaraga zidahwitse [56, 57].
Freundlich (a), LangMuir (B), na Temkin (c) adsorption adsorption isotherms [CO = 25 °. 7 ° c, dose = 0.05 g]. Plot of van't flaff kugereranya na DC / NZVI (D) [CO = 25-100 MG L-1, PH = 7-55 ° C na Dose = 0.05 g].
To evaluate the effect of reaction temperature change on DC removal from rGO/nZVI composites, thermodynamic parameters such as entropy change (ΔS), enthalpy change (ΔH), and free energy change (ΔG) were calculated from equations. 3 na 458.
Aho} ni he} _ {} \) = \ ({c}}} {{{{{{{{{{{{{cc R na RT ni ubushyuhe buhoraho kandi bugezweho. Gutegura ln ke kurwanya 1 / t gutanga umurongo ugororotse (Ishusho 9d) aho Δs na ΔH ishobora kugenwa.
Agaciro keza ΔH byerekana ko inzira iryamye. Kurundi ruhande, ΔH agaciro ka Δh iri mubikorwa byo kumenyekanisha umubiri. Ibibi ΔG kumeza 3 byerekana ko adsorption ishoboka kandi ubwayo. Indangagaciro mbi za Δ zigaragaza uburyo bwo hejuru bwa molekile ya adsorbent kumashanyarazi (Imbonerahamwe 3).
Imbonerahamwe 4 igereranya umuryango wa Rgo / NZVI hamwe nabandi banga batangaje mu masomo yabanjirije. Biragaragara ko igikomangoma / NCVI / NCVI gifite ubushobozi bwikigereranyo kandi gishobora kuba ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro wo gukuraho DC antibiotique kuva mumazi. Byongeye kandi, adsorption ya komisiyo / NZVI ni inzira yihuse ifite igihe kingana na 60 min. Ibiranga byiza byo kwamamaza kgo / NZVI birashobora gusobanurwa ningaruka za synorgistic ya ruguru na NZVvi.
Igishushanyo 10A, B yerekana uburyo bwumvikana bwo gukuraho DC Antibiotique ya DC / NZVvi na NZVvi na NZVI. Dukurikije ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku ngaruka ya Ph ku bijyanye no kwandika kwa PH kuva ku ya 3 kugeza kuri 7, NJVA ku gihira cya DC / NZVI ntabwo cyagenzurwaga n'imikoranire ya electrostitati; Kubwibyo, impinduka mu gaciro ya PH ntabwo byagize ingaruka kubikorwa byo kwamamaza. Nyuma, uburyo bwo kwamamaza burashobora kugenzurwa n'imikoranire itari i electrostatic nka hydrogène, ingaruka za hydrophobike, na Π-Π gufata imikoranire hagati ya Rgo / NZVI na DC66. Birazwi neza ko uburyo bwo guhinduranya impumuroke hejuru ya Flared Farefe yasobanuwe na Π-π stacking imikoranire nkimbaraga nyamukuru. Igituba nigikoresho cyuzuye hamwe na graphene hamwe ninjire ntarengwa kuri 233 nm kubera Π-Π. Dushingiye ku bufatanye bune bw'impumuro mu miterere ya DC ya adsorbate, duhindura ko hari uburyo bwo kwishora muri DC ihungabato (Π-Electron Extron kuri Π - Electron kuri Electrons hejuru. / Nzvi compos. Mubyongeyeho, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo. 10b, ubushakashatsi bwa FTrir bwakozwe kugirango yige imikoranire ya molecular ya dc, na ftir spectra ya Rgo / NZVA nyuma ya DC / NZVI nyuma ya adsorption yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 10b. 10b. Impinga nshya igaragara kuri 2111 cm-1, ihuye nubwinshi bwa c = c ingwate, yerekana ko hariho amatsinda yimikorere yingingo hejuru ya 67 rgo / Nzvi. Izindi mpinga kuva 1561 kugeza 1548 cm-1 no kuva kuri 1390 kugeza 1360 cm-1, ikora igira uruhare runini muri adsorpription ya graphene na kano kama kama6,69. Nyuma ya DC adsorption, ubukana bwamatsinda amwe amwe, nka yewe, yagabanutse kuri cm 3270, yerekana ko amaringa ya hydrogen ari imwe muburyo bwo kwamamaza. Rero, hashingiwe ku bisubizo, ibitangaza bya DC kuri Rgo / Nzvi bibaye ahanini bitewe na Π-Π gufata imikoranire na H-Bonds.
Uburyo bwo gushyira mu gaciro bwa adsoorption ya DC Antibiotique by Rgo / NZVI na NZVI bigoye (a). FTIR ADSORCTION SPRATRA ya DC kuri Rgo / Nzvi na Nzvi (B).
Ubukana bwa bande bunjira bwa NZVvi kuri 3244, 1615, 1546, naho 1011 cm-1 yiyongereye kuri Nzvi (FIGL. Ariko, iyi moshi yo hasi yo kwanduza mumatsinda yose yubahirizwa yerekana ko nta mpinduka nini ya adsorption ya phytosythect ya phytosythent adsorbent adsorbent adsorbent (NZVI) ugereranije na NZVI mbere yuburyo bwo kwamamaza. Nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwe bwo gukuraho DC hamwe na NZVI71, ubwo Nzvi yitwara hamwe na H2O, Electrons irarekuwe hanyuma H + ikoreshwa mugutanga hydrogène ikora cyane. Hanyuma, ibice bimwe bya catique byemera electron kuva hydrogène ikora, bivamo -c = n -c = c-, bitirirwa kugabanuka kwa bejezene impeta ya bejezene.
Igihe cyagenwe: Nov-14-2022