Ko te karāpiti he momo waro, he tioata whakawhiti i waenga i ngā tioata ngota, ngā tioata whakarewa me ngā tioata ngota. He hina te nuinga o te wā, he mangu te tae, he ngawari te kakano, he hinuhinu te ahua. Ka whakanuia te wera i te hau, i te hāora rānei e tahu ana, e whakaputa ana i te hauhā waro. Ka whakakōkīhia e ngā matū whakakōkī kaha hei waikawa waro. Ka whakamahia hei matū ārai-kakahu me te rauemi whakahinuhinu, hei hanga oko para, hei hikohiko, hei pākahiko maroke, hei mata pene. Ko te whānuitanga o te kimi karāpiti: karāpiti tūturu, karāpiti tioata matotoru, karāpiti maramara, karāpiti cryptocrystalline, paura karāpiti, pepa karāpiti, karāpiti whānui, whakaehu karāpiti, karāpiti whānui, karāpiti uku me te paura karāpiti kawe, me ētahi atu.
1. te ātete pāmahana teitei: ko te ira rewa o te karāpeti he 3850±50℃, ahakoa i muri i te tahunga pewa pāmahana tino teitei, he iti noa te whakahekenga taumaha, he iti rawa te tauwehenga whānui wera. Ka piki ake te kaha o te karāpeti i te pikinga o te pāmahana. I te 2000℃, ka takirua te kaha o te karāpeti.
2. te kawe hiko, te kawe wera: ko te kawe hiko o te karāpeti he kotahi rau ngā wā teitei ake i te konganuku kore-whakarewa whānui. Ko te kawe wera o te maitai, te rino, te mata me ētahi atu rauemi whakarewa. Ka heke te kawe wera i te pikinga o te pāmahana, ahakoa i te pāmahana tino tiketike, ka uru te karāpeti ki te whakamarumaru;
3. te whakahinuhinu: ko te mahi whakahinuhinu o te karāpeti e whakawhirinaki ana ki te rahi o te kirikiri karāpeti, he iti ake te kirikiri, te tauwehenga waku, he pai ake te mahi whakahinuhinu;
4. te pumau matū: he pai te pumau matū o te karāpeti i te pāmahana rūma, te ātete ki te waikawa, te ātete ki te kawakore me te ātete ki te waikura o te whakarewa waro;
5. te kirihou: he pai te pakari o te karāhe, ka taea te kuru hei pepa angiangi rawa;
6. ātete ki te ru wera: ka taea e te karāpeti te tu atu i ngā huringa nui o te pāmahana i te pāmahana rūma, kāore he kino, ka rerekē te pāmahana, ka iti te huringa o te rōrahi o te karāpeti, ā, e kore e pakaru.
1. tātaritanga hanganga: waro pumau, makuku, poke, me ētahi atu;
2. Whakamātautau mahi ā-tinana: te pakeke, te pungarehu, te matotoru, te ātaahua, te rahi o te matūriki, te mimiti, te taumaha motuhake, te horahanga mata motuhake, te ira rewa, me ētahi atu.
3. whakamātautau āhuatanga ā-pūkaha: te kaha kume, te pakarukaru, te whakamātautau piko, te whakamātautau kume;
4. whakamātautau mahi matū: ātete wai, pakari, ātete waikawa me te kawakore, ātete waikura, ātete huarere, ātete wera, me ētahi atu
5. Ētahi atu tūemi whakamātautau: kawe hiko, kawe wera, whakahinuhinu, pumau matū, ātete ru wera