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A cikin wannan aikin, an haɗa da kayan haɗin Rgo / NZVI a karon farko ta amfani da ƙa'idodin tsabtace "kore", kamar ƙarancin ilimin sinadarai. An yi amfani da kayan aikin da yawa don tabbatar da nasarar samar da kayan aiki, kamar sem, kamar yadda ake yi, Xrir, ftir, wanda ke nuna yawan maganganun da suka yi nasara. Matsakaicin cire kayan kwalliya da tsabta a cikin fara taro na rigakafin maganin rigakafi tsakanin Rgo da NZVI. A karkashin yanayin cire 25mg l-1, 25 ° C da 0.05G, da ƙimar cirewar doxyction ya kai 94.6%, yana tabbatar da cewa NZVI da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo da Rgo. Tsarin adsorption yayi dace da tsari na Pseudo na biyu kuma yana cikin yarjejeniya mai kyau tare da matsakaicin ikon adsorewa na 31.61 MG G-1 a 25 ° C da PH 7. Bugu da kari, sake amfani da hadarin Rgo / NZVI ya kasance 60% bayan hawan gida shida na jere.
Rashin karancin ruwa da gurbataccen fitina a yanzu babban barazana ne ga dukkan kasashe. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, gurbataccen ruwa, musamman gurbataccen ruwa, ya ƙaru saboda ƙara yawan samarwa da kuma amfani da shi a cikin covid-19 na COVEMM11,2,3. Saboda haka, ci gaban fasaha mai amfani don kawar da maganin rigakafi a cikin sharar gida ne na gaggawa aiki.
Daya daga cikin magungunan kwayar halitta da na ruhu daga rukunin tetringcline shine Doxycline (DC) 4,5. An ba da rahoton cewa remuman DC a cikin ruwa da ruwa mai ruwa ba za a iya metabolized, kawai 20-50% suna metabolized kuma suna haifar da mummunan yanayin muhalli da kiwon lafiya da kiwon lafiya ba.
Fitar da DC a ƙananan matakan na iya kashe ƙananan ƙwayoyin ire -syarm na ruwa-ruwa, da kuma ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka sai a cire wannan gurbi. Rashin lalata na DC cikin ruwa yana da matukar jinkirin tsari. Hanyoyin magani kamar su Peellyesis, biodigraftation da adsgration na iya lalata da ƙarancin taro da kuma ƙarancin ragi7,8. However, the most economical, simple, environmentally friendly, easy to handle and efficient method is adsorption9,10.
Nano sifilol na baƙin ƙarfe (NZVI) abu ne mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya cire maganin rigakafi da yawa daga ruwa, ciki har da dipramloxacin, choraepmloxacin, choraphonicol, da tetrachlool, da tetractacline, da tetractacline. Wannan ikon ya faru ne saboda kaddarorin da NZVI yana da, kamar manyan abubuwa, babban yanki, da kuma wuraren zama na waje .1. Duk da haka, NZVI na da yiwuwar tarawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai saboda sojojin Van der, wanda ke rage tasirinsa da yadudduka na cirewa wanda ke hana tsafi na NZVI10,12. Ana iya rage yawan abubuwan da aka raunana ta hanyar inganta su saman su tare da surfactorts ko ta hada su da wani abu na kayan aiki, wanda ya tabbatar da zama mai yiwuwa a inganta rayuwarsu a cikin muhalli13,14.
Graphene carbon na carbon biyu ne wanda ya kunshi adadin carbon na SP2-hybored atoms wanda aka shirya a cikin lattice na saƙar zuma. Yana da babban yanki, ƙarfin kayan aikin lantarki, motsi na lantarki, da kuma kayan masarufi masu dacewa don tallafawa abubuwan da ke cikin sa. Haɗin ƙarfe na ƙarfe da graphene na iya wuce girman amfanin kowane abu kuma, saboda abubuwan da suka mallaki abubuwan da ke cikin nanoparticles don ƙarin ingantaccen magani na ruwa.
Shuka kayan kwalliya sune mafi kyawun madadin masu guba na jami'an sinadarai sun saba amfani da oxide (Rgo) da NZVI saboda ana iya amfani dasu, mara tsada, kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman jami'ai. Kamar flavonoids da abubuwan da ke ciki kuma suna aiki azaman mai tsafta. Saboda haka, atriplex Halimus l. Leaf fitar da aka fitar dashi azaman gyara da kuma rufe wakili don tsarin rgo / nzvi a cikin wannan binciken a cikin wannan binciken. Aterriplex Halimaushe daga dangin Amarashceae shine shrub mai ƙauna mai ƙaunar nitrogen mai ƙauna tare da kewayon yanki na 96.
Dangane da kayan adabi, atriplex Halilius (A. Halimus) an fara amfani da shi don yin rgo / nzvi companes a matsayin hanyar tattalin arziki da kuma yanayin yanayin muhalli. Don haka, manufar wannan aikin ya ƙunshi sassa huɗu: (1) phytosyntesis na Rgo / NZVI da na iyaye na Rgo da NZVI a cikin adsorption da kuma cire ɓoyayyen ƙwayoyin cuta na Doxycycline rigakafin rigakafi a karkashin sigogi na biyu, inganta yanayin tsarin tsari, (3) Binciken kayan aiki a cikin cigaban jiyya da yawa bayan zagayowar sarrafawa.
Doxycycline hydrochloride (DC, MM = 480.90, chemical formula C22H24N2O·HCl, 98%), iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O, 97%), graphite powder purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Sodium Hydroxide (Nooh, 97%), Ethanol (C2H5OH, Acid na Hydrochloric Acid (hcl, 37%) aka sayo 37%) daga Merck, Amurka. Nacl, kll, Cacl2, MNCl2 da MGCl2 aka sayo MGCl2 daga Tianjin Commic Chemic Chemic Chemical reagent Co., Ltd. Dukkan reagents suna da babban tsarkaka. An yi amfani da ruwa mai narkewa sau biyu don shirya duk hanyoyin magance su.
An tattara samfuran wakilai na A. Halimarus daga wurin zama na halitta a cikin Delta da filaye tare da Bahar Rum Bahar Rum. An tattara kayan shuka daidai da jagororin National da kasa da kasa. Farfesa Manial Fawzi ya gano samfuran shuka bisa ga Boulos18, da kuma sashen kimiyyar muhalli na Jami'ar Alexandria ya ba da tarin tsire-tsire na kimiyya don dalilan kimiyya. Sample yawon shakatawa ana gudanar da su a Tanta Jami'ar Hirtarium (Tane), Voucers Nos. 14 122-14, watau da jama'a herridrium wanda ke ba da damar adana kayan. Bugu da kari, don cire ƙura ko datti, yanke ganyen shuka a kananan guda, kurkura sau 3 tare da famfo sau 3, sannan a bushe da 50 ° C. An yi shuka, 5 g na foda ɗin da aka nutsuwa a cikin 100 ml na ruwa 1000 na distilled kuma yana motsa shi a 70 ° C na minti 20 don samun cirewa 20 don samun cirewa 20 don samun cirewa 20 don samun cirewa 20 don samun cirewa 20 don samun cirewa 20 don samun cirewa 20 don samun cirewa 20 don samun cirewa 20 don samun cirewa 20 don samun cirewa 20 don samun cirewa 20 don samun cirewa 20. An samo cirewar ƙwayar bacillus ta Nicotianae ta hanyar takarda mai tsabta kuma an adana su a cikin tsabta da haifuwa shambura a 4 ° C don ƙarin amfani.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 1, Go an yi shi ne daga foda mai hoto ta hanyar daidaitaccen hanyar hawaye. 10 MG na Go Foda an watsa shi a cikin 50 ml na ruwa na ruwa na mintina 30 a gaban sonication da 2.9 g naac3 da 2.9 g naac da aka gauraye na 60 min. 20 ml na fitar da ganye na ganye wanda aka kara a cikin zuwato da motsawa kuma an bar shi a 80 ° C na 80 ° C na 80. A sakamakon dakatarwar baƙar fata ya tace. An shirya wankewar NanoComposites da aka shirya tare da ethanol da kuma ciyar da ruwa sannan a bushe a cikin tanda a 50 ° C na awanni 12.
Photimatic Photooks na Digital na kore na greened na RGG / NZVI da hadaddun DC da NZVI da cire DC rigakafi daga ruwan da aka gurbarta ta amfani da ruwan da aka gurbarta.
A takaice, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 1, 10 ml na maganin ƙarfe na ƙarfe na cirewa na mintina 60 tare da matsakaiciyar ruwa da ruwa da ruwa da ruwa da ruwa kuma a bushe a cikin Veruum tanda a 60 ° C. Na dare.
Shuka-sakin-singuzing RGG / NZVI da NZVI Serieseites da aka bayyana ta hanyar Spectroscopy UV / Ex VEDICORPHOTOMERTERT 200-800 NM. Don bincika jadawalin ɗan ƙasa da girman rarraba RGG / NZVI da NZVI, Tem Spectroscopy (Joel, Jem-2100F, an yi amfani da wutar lantarki 200). Don kimanta ƙungiyoyin aikin da za su iya shiga cikin ruwan 'yan tsiro da ke da alhakin farfado da tsari, tsari na tashi tare da (Jasco Spectrocometer a cikin kewayon 4000-600 cm-1). Bugu da kari, ana iya amfani da ZETA mai yiwuwa (Zetaszer Nano ZS Malverns) ana amfani dashi don nazarin cajin saman abubuwan nanomatice. Don ma'aunin X-ray na ma'aunin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na X-ray na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, X'pert ya ba da izini (X'pert Pro, ana aiki da Netherlands) a cikin 20 ° zuwa 80 °. (\ Lambar Raxarshe (45 KV) a cikin 20 ° zuwa 80 ° Kamfanin tursasawa na kuzari x-ray Spectrometeter (EDX) (samfurin JEOL JSM-ITHE zuwa 13 ga Xpha (Monko Fishery En-Alfa (termo Fishation Ilimin Alfa (ESA) kunkuntar bakan shine kunkunta 50 na Elict. Samfuran foda an guzga a kan mai riƙe samfurin, wanda aka sanya shi a ɗakin kwana. An yi amfani da bakan C 1 a matsayin tunani a 284.58 EV don sanin makamashi mai ƙarfi.
Ana yin gwajin adsorption don gwada ingancin hroup / nzvi nanocomposites na RGO / NZVI a Cire Doxycycline (DC) daga mafita na ruwa. An yi gwajin adsorption a cikin 25 ml Erlenmemers 25 ml Erlenmeryer a cikin girgiza mai girgiza 200 na RPM a kan 298 K. Ta hanyar diluting na maganin DC. Don tantance tasirin RGG / NSVI sashi akan ingantaccen kayan adsorption, Nanochogposites na launuka daban-daban (0.01-0.07 g) an kara zuwa ml na bayani 20. Don nazarin Kinetics da Adsorpms din, 0.05 g na adsorbent an nutsar da shi a cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa na CD tare da maida hankali na farko tare da maida hankali na farko (25-100 MG L-1). Tasirin ph akan cire DC ya yi nazari a PH (3-11) da kuma taro na farko na 50 MG L-1 a 25 ° C. Daidaita ph na tsarin ta ƙara karamin adadin HCL ko Nah Magani (CRISH PH META, PH 25). Bugu da kari, da tasirin amsawa kan gwajin adsorption a cikin kewayon shekarun 25-55 ° C aka bincika. Sakamakon ionic ƙarfi a kan tsarin adsorption nazarin ta hanyar ƙara taro daban-daban na Nacl (0.01-4 Mol L-1, 25), 25 ° C, da adsorbent na 0.05 g. An auna shi da adsorption DC da ba Adsorbed DC UV-Vis Ectiphotometer UV (T80 / T80) sanye take da 1.0 cm Virts Covetz na 270 cm da 350 nm. Yawan cirewar DC na rigakafi (r%; eq. 1) da kuma adadin adsorption DC, QT, EQ. An auna MG / g) ana amfani da su ta amfani da waɗannan daidaituwa.
Inda% r shine ƙarfin cire DC (%), CO shi ne maida hankali ne na DC a lokaci 0, kuma C shine tushen DC a lokaci t, bi da bi (MG L-1).
Inda Qe shine adadin DC Adsorbed a kowane sashi na adsorbent (MG G-1), v shine mai da hankali (g), kuma Mass na Adsorption (G).
Hotunan SEM (Fign. 2A-C) sun nuna ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na RGGA / NZVI Haɗin Ironoparticles ya tarwatsa a farfajiya na NZVI NPS zuwa ga Rgo / Rgo / NSPI NSP. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu alwashi a cikin ganye na Rgo, mai tabbatar da cire abubuwan oxygen-dauke da sauran kungiyoyin da ke ɗauke da shi tare da maido da A. Halimus tafi. Wadannan manyan alamu suna aiki yayin da shafukan yanar gizo masu aiki na baƙin ƙarfe NPS. Hotunan NZVI (Fig. 2D-F) sun nuna cewa ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta feda kuma ba ta tara yanayin tsarin Botanichal na cirewa na ƙwayar cuta. Girman barbashi ya bambanta a tsakanin 15-26 nm. Koyaya, wasu yankuna suna da miyayya marithology tare da tsarin bulges da wahala, wanda zai iya samar da yiwuwar tarko da kwayoyin DC a saman NZVI. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da cirewar Rosa Damasku don tsarin NZVI, NPS da aka samu sun kasance masu haɓaka, tare da sifofi daban-daban, wanda rage haɓakawa da sifofi daban-daban na 2. Sakamakon ya yi daidai da NZVI ya yi amfani da shi daga itacen oak da ganyayyaki, waɗanda galibi ba tare da masu girma ba tare da tsufa na Nanometer ba tare da bayyanannun aglomeration ba.
Hotunan Hoto na RGG / NZVI (AC), NZVI (d, e) na NZVI / RGG (g) da NZVI (H) Composites.
An yi nazarin kayan aikin halittar shuka / NZVI da NZVIk da NZVI sun yi nazari ta amfani da EDX (Fig. 2g, H). Nazarin ya nuna cewa NZVI ya ƙunshi carbon (38.29% ta Mass), oxygen kamar phosphorus24 suma suna nan, wanda za'a iya samu daga ruwan 'ya'yan shuka. Bugu da kari, da babban adadin carbon da oxygen zai zama saboda kasancewar phytochemicals daga ruwan yadudduka a cikin samfuran samar da kayayyaki a cikin Samba. Wadannan abubuwan suna rarraba su a hankali kan Rago amma a cikin Ratios daban-daban: c (39.16 wt%), o (4699 wt%), o (4698 wt%) da fe (10.99 wt%) da f ((4998 wt%) da f ((4,99 wt%), o (4698 wt%) da f ((499) A halin yanzu C: o rabo da abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin Rgo / NZVI Haɗin gwiwa ta amfani da cirewa na C (23.44 wt.%), O (68.29 wt.%) Da f (8.27 wt. %%. WT%) 25. Nata za et al., 2022 ya ruwaito irin wannan kwararrun kungiyoyin Oak da kuma wasu kwayoyin sun cika da cirewa na Oak suna da alhakin aiwatarwa.
The Morphology na Nzvi ya hadaya a cikin tsirrai (Fig. S2a, girman rauni na Van der, duk da haka an lura da sarkar 23.09. Wannan nau'in granular da kuma ƙirar ƙwayar cuta mai narkewa yana cikin kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da sakamakon SEM. Abdelfatah ya same shi da irin wannan kallo daga Abdelfatah et al. A cikin 2021 lokacin da aka yi amfani da cire ganye na fure a cikin tsarin NZVI11. Ruolas Tubersa ganye na fitar da NPS da aka yi amfani dashi azaman raguwar wakili a NZVICA siffar tare da diamita na 20 zuwa 40 nm26.
Hybarid Rgo / NZVI COTSAJE TEM HOM (Fig Wannan lamirin Lamellary shima ya tabbatar da nasarar da Rgo. Bugu da kari, NZVI NPS sifa siffar tare da ƙananan barbashi daga 5.32 zuwa 27 zuwa NM kuma an saka su a cikin RGG Layer tare da kusan uniform watsawa. An yi amfani da cirewar eucalyptus don samar da fe NPS / RGO; Sakamakon tent ya kuma tabbatar da cewa wrinkles a cikin RGGEy yana inganta watsawa na fe NPs fiye da tsabta na fe NPs da ƙara yawan abubuwan da aka yi. Bagheri et al. 28 Lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri faifai ta amfani da dabarun ultrasonic tare da matsakaicin girman girman ƙarfe na emparticle kimanin 17.70 nm.
Ftir Spectra na A. Halimus, NZVI, tafi, Rago, da wuraren rgo / NZVI ana nuna su a cikin ɓaure. 3A. Kasancewar kungiyoyin aiki a cikin ganyayyaki na A. Halimus ya bayyana a 3336 cm-1, wanda yayi daidai da polyphenols, kuma 1244 cm-1, wanda yayi daidai da ƙungiyoyin Carbonyl da aka samar da su. Sauran kungiyoyi kamar Alkanes a 2918 cm-1, Alkanes a 1647 cm-1 ne kuma ana lura da rufe wakilan. Gabaɗaya, wasan kwaikwayon NZVI na NZVICRA suna nuna kogunan shaye-shaye a matsayin ƙauye mai ɗaci, amma tare da ɗan ɗan ƙaramin matsayi. Bakandare mai tsananin ƙarfi ya bayyana a 3244 cm-1 hade da oh yana shimfidawa (o (phannan), phannan), da kuma m cm-1 cm-1 da 1190 cm-1, bi da bi da bi13. Kungiyoyin ftir na GoTI na kungiyoyi masu dauke da iskar oxygen, ciki har da Alkoxy (CO) suna shimfiɗa band a 1291 cm-1, c = o mai shimfiɗa. Band of C = c yana shimfiɗa rawar jiki a 1619 cm-1, wani fage a cikin hanyar oh na shimfiɗa, wanda ya tabbatar da tsummoki na Hummers, wanda ya tabbatar da tsari mai kyau. Lokacin da aka gwada Rgo da RGG / NZVI Cikakkun tare da bakan gizo, da kuma yawan wasu ƙungiyoyi na oxygen, kamar yadda sauransu a 1729 cm-1, ana rage su gaba ɗaya. Bace, yana nuna nasarar kawar da iskar oxygen da ke ɗauke da ayyukan da ke ɗauke da ayyukan acikin A. Sabbin kaifi halaye na Rgos na Rgo a C = c tashin hankali ana lura da kusan 1560 da 1405 cm-1, wanda ya tabbatar da rage rage Rgo. Bambanci daga 1043 zuwa 1015 cm-1 kuma daga 918 zuwa 918 cm-1 an lura da cm-1, mai yiwuwa ne saboda hada kayan shuka 31,32. Weg et al 33.
A. FTir Spectrum na Gallium, NZVI, RGG, tafi, haɗe Rgo / NZVI (a). Rukunin Rogo, je, NZVI da RGG / NZVI (b).
Samuwar Rgo / nzvi da Nzvi da NZVIsites na NZV ya tabbatar sun tabbatar sun tabbatar da tsarin NZVI daban-daban (Fig. 3b). An lura da babban ƙarfin feal mai ƙarfi a 2ɵ 44.5 °, mai dacewa da index (110) (JCPDs A'a. 06-0696) 11. Wata ganiya a 35.1 ° na (311) jirgin sama (311) an danganta jirgin (313) ga magnetite Fee4, 640) na jirgin sama na (jcpds babu. 17-0536) 34. Tsarin X-ray na Go Show Nunin ganiya mai kaifi a 2ɵ 10.3 ° da kuma wani ganawa a 21.1 °, yana nuna cikakkiyar kamuwa da ƙungiyoyi masu ɗauke da oxygen a farfajiya na Go35. Haɗin tsarin Rgo da RGG / NZVI ya ɓacewa halaye na halaye da kuma kayan kwalliya na Rgo / 22.17 da kuma 24.7 ° for Rgos da Rgo / 22.17 da kuma 24.7. Koyaya, a cikin hadaddun Rgo / NZVI, tsarin koguna masu alaƙa da jirgin ruwan Fati na FE0 (110) da BCC fu0 (200) an lura da shi a 44.9 \ FE0 da 44.9 \ FE0 da 64.9 \ FE0 da 64.9 \ FE0 da 64.9 \ FE0 da 64.9 \ FE0 da 64.9 \ (^ \ (^ \ (^ \ (^ \ zagi \), bi da bi.
Babban yuwuwar ZETA shine yuwuwar tsakanin ionic Layer a haɗe zuwa farfajiya na wani abu mai narkewa wanda ke ƙayyade abubuwan lantarki na kayan lantarki na kayan lantarki da kuma auna ƙarfin lantarki 37. Zita nazarin nazarin NZVI, tafi, da kuma abubuwan da Kwamitin Rgo / NZV sun nuna kwanciyar hankali saboda kasancewar marasa laifi na-C, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto S1A-C. . Irin wannan sakamakon ya yi daidai da rahotanni da yawa waɗanda suka ambaci cewa hanyoyin da ke ɗauke da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun abubuwa saboda -25 mv gaba ɗaya suna nuna babban digiri na lantarki saboda-kashi. Haɗin Rgo da NZVI suna ba da damar haɗi don samun ƙarin kulawa mara kyau kuma don haka suna da mafi girma kwanciyar hankali fiye da ko dai ko nzvi kadai. Saboda haka, sabon abu na karfafawa zai haifar da samuwar tsayayyen Rgo / NZVI39. Matsakaicin saman Go yana ba da damar a cire shi a hankali a matsakaici mai ruwa ba tare da agglomerationation ba, wanda ke haifar da yanayi mai kyau don hulɗa tare da Nzvi. Wataƙila cajin ana iya danganta shi da kasancewar ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a cikin cirewar melan, wanda kuma ya tabbatar da ma'amala da ƙwayar ƙarfe, bi da bi, da kuma hadaddun na Rgo / NZVI. Wadannan mahaɗan shuka na iya aiki a matsayin wakilan masu gabatarwa, yayin da suke hana tarin abubuwan nanoparticles kuma don haka ƙara kwanciyar hankali.
Hukumar ukun da ke haifar da rikice-rikicen da na NZVI da Rgo / NZVI sun ƙaddara ta XPs (Fig. 4). Binciken XPS ɗin ya nuna cewa rgo / nzvi ya ƙunshi abubuwan da aka haɗa c, o, da f, m tare da eDs taswira (Fig. 4f-h). Wasan C1s ya ƙunshi koguna uku a 284.59 EV, 289.21 Ev da 288.21 Ev da 288.21 EV da ke wakiltar CC, CO da C = o, bi da bi. The O1s spectrum was divided into three peaks, including 531.17 eV, 532.97 eV, and 535.45 eV, which were assigned to the O=CO, CO, and NO groups, respectively. Koyaya, kololuwa a 710.43, 714.57 da 714.58 da 724.79 EV suna nufin F 2P3/1, FE + 3 da FE P1 / 2, bi da bi + 3 da 3, bi da bi. XPs Bayyanar NZVI (Fig. 4c-e) ya nuna kololuka don abubuwan c, o, da fe. Kololuwa a 284.77, 286.25, da 287.62 EV, kamar yadda suke magana a kan CC, C-Oh, da CC, C-OH, da CC, da bi da CC, bi da bi, bi da bi, bi da bi, bi da bi, bi da bi, bi da bi, bi da bi, bi da bi, bi da. The O1s Spectrum yayi daidai da sandunan uku carbonate (531.19) (531.19 EV), Hydroxyl Radical (532,4.4 EV) da O-C = o (533.47 Ev) da O-C = o (533.47 EV) da O-C = o (533.47 EV) da O-C = o (533.47 Ev) An danganta ganuwa a 719.6 ana danganta kololuwa a 717.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da kuma 723.3 zuwa 723.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da 723.3 da kuma 723.3 da kuma 723.8 EV, PEak, EAP, Bugu da kari a 725.8 EV, EEES ta nuna gaban Fe2O342.43.
Karatun XPS na NZVI da RGG / NZVI Ciko, bi da bi (a, b). Cikakken zaki na NZVI C1s (c), fe2p (d), da O1s (e) da RGG / NZVI C1s (F), Fe2p (h) withou.
N2 ADSORPPHPPHPPHACKPCPHACHA / Desorpccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccuterm (Fig. 5a, B) ya nuna cewa tsarin NZVI da Rgo / NZVI suna cikin nau'in II. Bugu da kari, da takamaiman yankin (Sbet) na NZVI ya karu daga 47.4549 zuwa 152.52 M2 / g Bayan makantar da Rgo. Ana iya bayyana wannan sakamakon ta raguwa a cikin abubuwan Magnetic na NZVI bayan Rogo ya makanta, ya rage yawan tarin tarin abubuwa da kuma ƙara farfajiya yankin. Bugu da kari, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa na 5C, da pore girma (8.94 nm) na RGG / NZVI Haɗin kai ya fi na asali NZVI (2.873 NM). Wannan sakamakon yana cikin yarjejeniya tare da El-Monee et al. 45.
Don kimanta damar yin amfani da ADSorving don cire DC tsakanin Rgo / NZVI na asali ya danganta da karuwa a cikin kowane adsorbent (0.05 g) zuwa DC a farkon taro. Bincika bayani [25]. -100 MG L-1] A 25 ° C. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa haɓakar haɓakawa (94.6%) na RGG / NZVI Haɗin ya fi na ainihin NZVI (90%) a ƙaramin taro (25 mg L-1). Koyaya, lokacin da aka fara maida hankali ya ƙaru zuwa 100 MG L-1, cirewa ingancin RGG / RGE da 65%, da bi, da kashi 60%, waɗanda zasu iya zama saboda ƙarancin shafukan yanar gizo da lalata barbashi na Nzvi. Akasin haka, RGG / NZVI ya nuna ingantaccen aiki na DC Cirewa, wanda zai iya zama sakamakon Synergistic tsakanin Rgo da NZVI, a cikin abin da ke cikin tsayayyen wuraren da ke da yawa, kuma dangane da Rgo / NZVI, ƙarin DC na iya zama adsorbed fiye da yadda NZVI. Bugu da kari, a cikin siffa. 6B yana nuna cewa damar yin amfani da RGG / NZVI da NZVI sun karu daga 9.4 MG / G zuwa 30 MG / G da 9 MG / G da ƙari, tare da karuwa, tare da karuwa a farkon maida hankali daga 25-100 MG / L. -1.1 zuwa 28.73 MG G-1. Sabili da haka, yawan cire DC da aka cire ba shi da kyau tare da taro na farko, wanda ya kasance saboda iyakataccen adadin cibiyoyin dauki da aka goyan bayan kowane adsorbent don adsorption da cire Dc a cikin bayani. Don haka, za'a iya kammala daga waɗannan sakamakon cewa ƙungiyoyin RGG / NZV suna da inganci mafi girma na adsorption da raguwa, da kuma Rago a cikin kayan haɗin Rgo / navori, da kuma Rago a cikin kayan haɗin Rgo / NZVI a matsayin kayan haɗin Rgo / NZVI a matsayin adsorbent kuma a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya.
Ingancin cirewa da DC Adsorption na RGG / NZVI da NZVI Haɗin kai sun kasance (A, B) [1-15 MG L-1-11 MG L-1-11 MG L-1-11 MG L-1-11 MG L-1-11 MG L-1-11 A kan damar cmactorction damar cirewa da DC / NZVICE composites (c) [CO = 50 MG L-1, PH, PH, kashi = 0.05 G].
Magani ph ne mawuyacin abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin binciken tafiyar matakai na adsorption, tunda yana shafar digiri na i'onization, ƙuduri, da ionization na adsorbent. An gudanar da gwajin a 25 ° C tare da tsarin adsorbent (0.05 g) da kuma farkon taro na 50 MG L-1 a cikin PH kewayon (3-11). Dangane da bita da wallafe-wallafen, DC shine kwayoyin halittar kai tsaye tare da kungiyoyi masu amfani da yawa (phenols, aminoungiyoyi, giya) a matakan pH daban-daban. A sakamakon haka, ayyuka daban-daban na DC da kuma tsarin da ke da alaƙa a farfajiya na Rgo / NZVICE na iya wanzuwa azaman cāic (DCH20) a PH # 7.7 da kuma anionic (DCH20) 3.3 da DC2-) a PH 7.7. A sakamakon haka, ayyuka daban-daban na DC da kuma tsarin da ke da alaƙa a farfajiya na Rgo / NZVICE na iya wanzuwa azaman cāic (DCH20) a PH # 7.7 da kuma anionic (DCH20) 3.3 da DC2-) a PH 7.7. В результе разли дк и свыа Rgo / Nzvi Мпости Вомпосадейса могута Rgo / NZvi Мпости Atектати Thи могуовать ввидвать вонуовы - Монуов Sатиона (DCH3 +) Притый 3,7 ико <7,7 иканионный (DCH20) 3,7 ико A sakamakon haka, ayyuka daban-daban na tsarin DC da alaƙa a farfajiya na RGG / NZVI na iya yin ma'amala da lantarki kuma na iya wanzuwa a cikin nau'in cations, zwitterions; Kwayoyin halittar DC na wanzu a matsayin Cation (DCH3 +) a PH <3.3; Ionic (DCH20) 3.3 <pH <7.7 da anionic (DCH- ko DC2-) a PH 7.7.因此, DC 的 rgo / 各种功能和, 的, 的, 的 的 7形式存在 (DCHE20) 3.7 两性离子 (DCH-20) 3.7.因此, DC 的 的种 的 和 相关和 可能 材料 表面 相关 可能 材料 的 的 相关 相关 以 以 形式 相互 可能 可能 以 阳离子 阳离子阳离子 (DCH3 阳离子 阳离子阳离子, 两性离子 (DCH3) 3.3 <3 <ph <7.7 和阴离子 (dch或 DC2-) 在 PH 7.7. Седовательно, различно Atектростатические взодействестьестьеатиовать воновать воновать и Нитьовать иновать Atатионнеми (при рн <3,3. Saboda haka, ayyuka daban-daban na DC da alaƙa da tsarin Rgo / NZVI zasu iya shiga cikin hulɗa na lantarki kuma suna wanzuwa, yayin da kwayoyin halitta ke cāc (DCH3 +) a PH <3.3. Онестестестестестестестестестестертесдертадттттттертаттттттер (DCH20) По <7,7 ино <(DCH- инara DC Ya wanzu a matsayin zwitterion (DCH20) a 3.3 <pH <7.7 da diion (DCH- ko DC2-) a PH 7.7.Tare da karuwa a cikin PH daga 3 zuwa 7, ingantaccen aiki na DC cire ya karu daga 11.2 MG / g (56%) zuwa 17 mg / g (85%). Koyaya, kamar yadda PH ya karu zuwa 9 da 11, ƙarfin adsorption da kuma ingantaccen aiki ya ragu da ɗan ɗan lokaci, daga 10.6 MG / g (53%) zuwa 6 MG / g (30%), bi da bi (30%), bi da bi 6. Tare da karuwa a cikin PH daga 3 zuwa 7, DCS yafi wanzu a cikin hanyar zwitteriesatory ne mai jan hankali ko kuma an soke su da rashin amfani da RGG / NZVIITE, galibi ta hanyar wutan lantarki. Kamar yadda PH ya karu sama da 8.2, an cajin saman adsorbent, saboda haka damar yin amfani da shi kuma ya ragu saboda karfin lantarki da kuma saman adsorbentcline da kuma saman adsorcent. Wannan Trend yana ba da shawarar cewa DC adsorption akan RGG / NZVI yana nuna cewa phgences na PH / NZVIED sun dace azaman adsorbents a ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic da tsaka tsaki.
Tasirin zazzabi a cikin adsorption na maganin ruwa mai ruwa na DC da aka yi a (25-55 ° C). Hoto na 7a yana nuna sakamakon haɓaka zazzabi a kan cirewa ingancin DC a kan RGG / g zuwa 47% da 77% da 7.83 MG / G. , bi da bi. Wannan gagarumin raguwa na iya zama saboda karuwa a cikin makamashi na danch, wanda yake kaiwa zuwa ga desire47.
Tasiri na zazzabi akan ingancin cd a kan Rgo / NZVICETITES (CO = 50 MG L-1,45 G], ADSEBET na Cire Tsarin Circewa akan RGG / NSVI HARKO (B) [CO = 50 MG L-1, PH = 7, t = 25 ° C] (C, 25-100 MG L-1, PH = 7, t = 7.05 g].
Tasirin kara yawan da bitar Rgo / nzvi daga 0.01 g zuwa 0.01 g zuwa 0.01 g akan cirewa da cirewa da kuma damar amfani da adsorption da aka nuna a cikin siffa. 7b. Kara kashi a cikin kashi na adsorbent ya haifar da raguwa a cikin karfin adsorption daga 33.43 MG / g zuwa 6.74 MG / G. Koyaya, tare da karuwa a cikin adsorbent kashi daga 0.01 g zuwa 0.01 g, ingancin cirewa yana ƙaruwa daga yawan cibiyoyin ma'aikata masu aiki.
Tasirin maida hankali a kan adsorvity da ingancin cirewa [25-100 MG L-1, 25 ° C, PH 7, kashi 0.05 g] aka yi nazari. Lokacin da farkon taro ya karu daga 25 MG L-1 zuwa 100 mg L-1, yawan cirewa na Rgo / nzvi ya ragu daga kashi 94.6% zuwa 65% (Fig. 7C), wataƙila saboda babu wuraren da wuraren da ake so ba. . Adsorbs manyan taro na DC49. A gefe guda, kamar yadda farawar farko ta karu, har ila yau, yawan karfin adsorption ma ya karu daga 9.4 MG / g zuwa 30 MG / g har 30 MG / g har zuwa 30 mg / g har sai an kai ga ma'auni (Fig. 7D). Wannan abin da ba zai iya cikawa ba saboda karuwa cikin karfin tuki tare da maida hankali na DC mafi girma daga DC ION Mass Canja wurin DC IIon Mass Canja wurin zuwa saman 50 na RGG / NZVI Haɗin.
Lokaci na tuntuɓi da kuma bincike na tara da ci gaba da fahimtar lokacin daidaitawa na adsorption. Da farko, adadin DC Addsbed a cikin minti 40 na farko na lokacin tuntuɓar yana kusan rabin adadin adadin da aka gabatar a gaba ɗaya (minti 100). Yayin da kwayoyin DC a cikin Magani sun haɗu da su don yin ƙaura zuwa cikin hanzari na Rgo / NZVI Haɗin da ke haifar da mahimmancin adsorption. Bayan 40 min, min, DC GWAROCPPLONA ya karu a hankali da kuma sannu a hankali har sai da aka kai ma'auni (Fig. 7D). Tunda aka gabatar da adadin da ya dace a cikin minti 40 na farko, za a sami karuwa mai yawa tare da kwayoyin halittar DC da karancin wuraren da ba su da kwayoyin halittun da ba adabannin ba. Sabili da haka, ana iya rage farashin adsorption51.
Don samun mafi kyawun fahimtar Adsorption, layin makullan Pseudo na farko Umarni (Fig. 8b), da Elovich (Fig.), Da Elovich (Fig.), Da Elovich (Fig.). Daga sigogi da aka samo daga nazarin karatu (Table S1), ya bayyana a sarari cewa samfurin yanayin shine mafi kyawun samfurin Kingmarponics, inda aka saita darajar kuɗin R2 fiye da sauran samfuran guda biyu. Hakanan akwai kamance da kamuwa da shi tsakanin karfin adsorewa (QE, Cal). Tsarin Pseudo na biyu da dabi'u na gwaji (QE, Exp.) Kama da tabbacin cewa tsari na biyu shine mafi kyawun tsari fiye da sauran samfuran. Kamar yadda aka nuna a Tebur 1, ƙimar Adsorption na α (farashin adsorption) da β (downorption custant) Tabbatar da Adsorb yadda ya kamata a kan RGG / NZVI52 Hada. .
Linear Ads maringic makirci na Pseudo-na biyu (a), pseudo-farko-farko (b) [c = 25-100 MG L-1, PH = 25,68 ° C, 0.05 G].
Nazarin AdsorpmPs yana taimakawa don tantance damar da adsorbiltion (RGG / NRVI Haɗin kai) a Adsorbate daban-daban (DC) da kuma yanayin zafi daban-daban. Matsakaicin damar adsorving ya yi amfani da LangMuir shine fushin, wanda ya nuna cewa adsorption ya kasance mai kama da adsorbate ba tare da hulɗa tsakanin su53 ba. Wasu samfuran guda biyu da aka yi amfani da su na isarwa sune samfuran Freundlich da kuma cututtukan dabbobi. Kodayake ba a yi amfani da tsarin Freundlich don yin ƙididdige ikon adsorvity ba, yana taimaka fahimtar tsarin adsogencewa na da ke da kuzari daban-daban, yayin da samfurin ket ɗin yana taimaka wajan fahimtar abubuwan da aka saba da su na adsorption54.
Figures 9a-C suna nuna filayen langmuir na langmuir, freindlich, da ƙirar temkin, bi da bi. Halibcin R2 da aka lissafta daga Freundlich (Fig. 9A) da Langmuir (Fig. 9b) Motoci na DC / NZV) Motocin layi (0.988). Matsakaicin damar adsorving (QMAIX), lasafta amfani da amfani da LangMuir Model na Isarwa, ya kasance 31.61 MG G-1. Bugu da kari, ƙimar lissafi na ƙimar rabuwa da rarrabuwa (RL) yana tsakanin 0 da 1 (0.097), yana nuna kyakkyawan tsari tsari. In ba haka ba, da aka lissafa mai ƙima (n = 2.756) yana nuna fifiko ga wannan tunanin. Dangane da tsarin layi na teminsm (Fig. 9c), hadarin DC a kan Rgo / NZVI ne ˂ 82 KJ Mol-1 (0.408) 55. Kodayake ana yawan adsorction na zahiri Van der ya yi sulhu da sojojin Van Der a kan RGG / NZVI Cikakkun abubuwan da ke buƙatar karfin ƙarfin adsorption [56, 57].
Freundlich (a), Langmuir (b), da temkin Adsorps otherms [CO = 25-100 MG L-1, t = 7.05 g]. Shirya daidaituwar daidaituwa na DC Adsorites ta Rgo / NZVI Cikakkun (D) [CO = 25-100 MG L-1, PH = 7-55 ° C da 25-55 ° C Kuma 0.05 G].
Don kimanta tasirin yanayin canjin zazzabi akan cirewar DC / NZVICH, SIFFOFIN SIFFOFI (Δh), da canjin entalpe (Δh) an lissafta su (Δh), da canjin entalpe (Δh) an lissafta shi (Δh), da canjin entaly (Δh) an lasafta su (Δh), da canjin entalpe (Δh) ana kirga su (Δh), da canjin entalpe (Δh) an lissafta shi (Δh), da canjin entalpe (Δh) ana lissafta shi (Δh), da canjin entaly (Δh) an lasafta su (Δh), da canjin entaly (Δh) an lasafta su (Δh), da canjin entaly (Δh) an lasafta su (Δh), da canjin entalpe (Δh) an lasafta shi daga daidaito. 3 da 458.
A ina \ ({K} _ {e} \ {e} {c} _ {AE} {{AE}} _ {AE {AE}} _ {AE} _ {AE {AE}} _ {AE} {{AE} _ {AE} {{cae - Rgo a cikin bayani - Rgo a cikin Magani - Rgo a cikin Magani - Rgo a cikin Magani a cikin Cikakken Squaret. R da RT sune yanayin gas da kuma yawan zafin jiki na adsorewa, bi da bi. Mãkirci ln ke da 1 / t yana ba da madaidaiciyar layi (Fig. 9D) wanda ΔH za a iya ƙaddara.
Ƙimar Δh mara kyau tana nuna cewa tsari yana da ingantawa. A gefe guda, darajar Δh tana cikin tsarin adsorabin jiki. Darajojin ΔG dabi'u a cikin Table 3 sun nuna cewa adsorption mai yiwuwa ne kuma ba tare da labari ba. Abubuwan da suka dace na Δs suna nuna babban adadin kwayoyin kwayoyin a cikin keywaƙwalwar ruwa (Table 3).
Tebur 4 yana kwatanta hadarin RGG / NZVI tare da sauran adsorbents a cikin karatun da suka gabata. A bayyane yake cewa makaman da ke VGungiyar NCVi yana da karfin adsorvity kuma na iya zama kayan masarufi don cire DC rigakafin ruwa daga ruwa. Bugu da kari, da adsorption hadin gwiwar rgo / nzvi tsari ne mai sauri tare da lokaci mai yawa na min. Kyakkyawan kaddarorin adsalon na RGG / NZVI ana iya bayanin su ta hanyar synergistic game da Rgo da NZVI.
Figures 10a, b misaltar da m inji don cire DC maganin rigakafi ta hanyar Rgo / NZVI da NZVI hadaddun. Dangane da sakamakon gwaje-gwajen akan ph game da ingancin DC daga 3 zuwa 7, ba a sarrafa shi a cikin rgo / nzvi wanda ke hulɗa da zwitterion; Saboda haka, canji a cikin darajar pH bai shafi tsarin adsorption ba. Bayan haka, za a iya sarrafa tsarin adsorptaticyaticy ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar lantarki kamar haɗin hydrogen, da hydrogen mai tasowa tsakanin RGG / NZVI Haɗin kai da DC66. Sanannen abu ne cewa tsarin adsorbates mai ƙanshi akan saman graphene an yi bayani game da ma'amala mai kyau a matsayin babban ƙarfin tuƙi. Haɗin wani abu ne mai kayatarwa mai kama da graphene tare da tsaka-tsaki a kilo 233 na zuwa ga π-π * canji. Dangane da kasancewar zoben aromatic guda huɗu a cikin tsarin kwayar halitta na DC Adsorbate, muna tunanin cewa akwai wani abu mai ban sha'awa na π-π))) da kuma yankin suna da wadatar hanya a cikin Rgo. / nzvi composites. Bugu da kari, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa. 10B, binciken ya dauki matakin karatun ftir din ne don yin nazarin huldar ftir na RGG / NZVI tare da DC / NZV Spectra an nuna a cikin Hoto na 10B. 10b. An lura da sabon ganiya a 2111 cm-1, wanda ya yi daidai da yanayin rawar da C = cm, wanda ke nuna kasancewar ƙungiyoyin ayyukan da suka dace da na 67 RGO / NZVI. Sauran kololuwa daga 1561 zuwa 1548 cm-1 kuma daga 1399 zuwa 1369 zuwa 1399 zuwa 1360 cm-1, wanda kuma ya tabbatar da cewa masarautar π-π ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin adsorpape da kwayar cuta na kwayar cuta68,69. Bayan kungiyoyin DC, tsanani daga kungiyoyin da ke cikin oxygen, kamar Oh, kamar yadda haɗin hydrogen yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin hydrenption yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwa. Don haka, dangane da sakamakon, DC adsorption a kan RGG / NZVI Haɗin yana faruwa ne saboda π-π store stack stackingctionsctions and and.
Hanyar hankali na adsorption na DC Antibiotus by Rgo / NZVI da hadaddun hadaddun na NZVI (a). Ftir adsorption na DC akan RGG / NZVI da NZVI (b).
Intultarungiyoyin Banbancin NDVVIP na NZVI a 3244, 1615, 1546, da 101 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 cm-1 ne a kan yiwuwar wasu kungiyoyin carboxylic acid o Kungiyoyi a DC. Koyaya, wannan ƙaramin adadin watsa a cikin duka abubuwan da aka lura sun nuna babu canji mai mahimmanci a cikin adsorbong na adsorbpent (NZVI) idan aka kwatanta da NZVI kafin tsarin adsorption. A cewar wasu binciken cirewa na DC tare da NZVI71, lokacin da NZVI ya ba da damar yin amfani da hydrogen mai matukar amfani. A ƙarshe, wasu abubuwan haɗin gwiwarsu sun karɓi zaɓaɓɓun ruwa daga hydrogen mai aiki, sakamakon -c = n da -c = c-, wanda aka dangana ga rarrabuwar zoben benze.
Lokacin Post: Nuwamba-14-2022