Graphite waa allotrope kaarboon ah, kiristaalo kala-guur ah oo u dhexeeya kiristaalo atomi ah, kiristaalo bir ah iyo kiristaalo molecular ah. Guud ahaan waa madow cawlan, qaab jilicsan, dareen dufan leh. Kulayl la xoojiyay oo hawada ama oksijiin ah oo guba oo soo saara kaarboon laba ogsaydh. Wakiilo oksaydheyn oo xooggan ayaa oksaydhi doona asiidhyo dabiici ah. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiil ka-hortagga dharka iyo walxo saliidayn ah, sameynta jajab, elektaroodh, baytari qalalan, qalin rasaas. Baaxadda ogaanshaha garaafiga: garaafiga dabiiciga ah, garaafiga crystalline cufan, garaafiga flake, garaafiga cryptocrystalline, budada garaafiga, warqadda garaafiga, garaafiga la ballaariyay, emulsion garaafiga, garaafiga la ballaariyay, garaafiga la ballaariyay, garaafiga la ballaariyay, garaafiga la ballaariyay iyo budada garaafiga la socdo, iwm.
1. iska caabinta heerkulka sare: barta dhalaalka ee graphite waa 3850±50℃, xitaa ka dib marka uu gubto qaansada heerkulka aadka u sarreeya, miisaanka oo yaraada aad buu u yar yahay, isku-darka ballaarinta kulaylka aad buu u yar yahay. Xoogga graphite wuu kordhaa marka heerkulka kordho. 2000℃, xoogga graphite wuu labanlaabmaa.
2. Gudbinta kulaylka, gudbinta kulaylka: Gudbinta graphite waxay boqol jeer ka sarreysaa macdanta guud ee aan birta ahayn. Gudbinta kulaylka ee birta, birta, rasaasta iyo agabka kale ee birta. Gudbinta kulaylka ayaa hoos u dhacda marka heerkulka kordho, xitaa heerkulka aadka u sarreeya, graphite wuxuu isu beddelaa dahaadh;
3. saliidaynta: waxqabadka saliidaynta ee graphite waxay ku xiran tahay cabbirka jajabka graphite, jajabka, isku-dhafka is-khilaafka ayaa yar, waxqabadka saliidaynta ayaa ka wanaagsan;
4. Xasiloonida kiimikada: graphite heerkulka qolka wuxuu leeyahay xasillooni kiimiko oo wanaagsan, iska caabin aashito, iska caabin alkali iyo iska caabin daxalka dareeraha dabiiciga ah;
5. Baaxadda: adkaanta garaafitku waa wanaagsan tahay, waxaa lagu burburin karaa xaashi aad u khafiif ah;
6. iska caabbinta shoogga kulaylka: graphite heerkulka qolka marka la isticmaalo wuxuu u adkeysan karaa isbeddellada daran ee heerkulka iyada oo aan waxyeello lahayn, isbeddelka heerkulka, mugga graphite wuu isbeddelaa wax yar, ma dillaaci doono.
1. Falanqaynta halabuurka: kaarboon go'an, qoyaan, wasakh, iwm.;
2. Tijaabinta waxqabadka jirka: adkaanta, dambaska, dheellitirka, jilicsanaanta, cabbirka walxaha, isbeddelka, cufisjiidadka gaarka ah, bedka dusha sare ee gaarka ah, barta dhalaalka, iwm.
3. Tijaabinta sifooyinka farsamada: xoogga jiidista, jajabnaanta, tijaabada foorarsiga, tijaabada jiidista;
4. Tijaabada waxqabadka kiimikada: iska caabbinta biyaha, cimri dhererka, iska caabbinta aashitada iyo alkali, iska caabbinta daxalka, iska caabbinta cimilada, iska caabbinta kulaylka, iwm.
5. Shay kale oo tijaabo ah: gudbinta korantada, gudbinta kulaylka, saliidaynta, xasilloonida kiimikada, iska caabbinta shoogga kulaylka