Chemical oxidation njira ndi njira yachikhalidwe yokonzekera graphite yowonjezereka. Mu njira iyi, masoka flake graphite wothira oxidant yoyenera ndi intercalating wothandizila, ankalamulidwa pa kutentha kwina, nthawi zonse analimbikitsa, ndi kutsukidwa, wosefedwa ndi zouma kupeza expandable graphite. Chemical makutidwe ndi okosijeni njira yakhala njira okhwima mu makampani ndi ubwino zida zosavuta, ntchito yabwino ndi mtengo wotsika.
The ndondomeko masitepe makutidwe ndi okosijeni mankhwala monga makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi intercalation.The makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa graphite ndi chikhalidwe zofunika mapangidwe graphite expandable, chifukwa ngati intercalation anachita akhoza chitani bwino zimadalira mlingo wa kutsegula pakati pa zigawo graphite. mankhwala okosijeni.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya okosijeni, ambiri oxidants ntchito ndi oxidants olimba (monga potaziyamu permanganate, potaziyamu dichromate, chromium trioxide, potaziyamu kolorate, etc.), angakhalenso ena oxidizing madzi okosijeni (monga hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, etc.). Zapezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa kuti potaziyamu permanganate ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga graphite yowonjezereka.
Pansi pa zochita za oxidizer, graphite ndi oxidized ndi ndale maukonde macromolecules mu graphite wosanjikiza kukhala macromolecules planar ndi mlandu zabwino. Chifukwa cha zotsatira zonyansa za malipiro abwino omwewo, mtunda wa pakati pa zigawo za graphite ukuwonjezeka, zomwe zimapereka njira ndi malo kuti intercalator alowe mu graphite wosanjikiza bwino. Pokonzekera graphite yowonjezera, intercalating wothandizira makamaka asidi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ofufuza makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, acid acid ndi glacial acetic acid.
Electrochemical njira ali mu zonse panopa, ndi njira amadzimadzi a Ikani monga electrolyte, graphite ndi zitsulo zipangizo (stainless zitsulo, platinamu mbale, mbale kutsogolera, titaniyamu mbale, etc.) zimapanga anode gulu, zitsulo zipangizo anaikapo mu electrolyte monga cathode, kupanga kuzungulira chatsekedwa; Kapena graphite inaimitsidwa mu electrolyte, mu electrolyte pa nthawi yomweyo anaikapo mu mbale zoipa ndi zabwino, kudzera maelekitirodi awiri ndi mphamvu njira, anodic makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Pamwamba pa graphite ndi oxidized kuti carbocation. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pansi pa ophatikizana kanthu electrostatic kukopa ndi ndende kusiyana kufalikira, ayoni asidi kapena ayoni polar intercalant ndi ophatikizidwa pakati pa zigawo graphite kupanga expandable graphite.
Poyerekeza ndi njira mankhwala makutidwe ndi okosijeni, electrochemical njira yokonza expansable graphite mu ndondomeko yonse popanda kugwiritsa ntchito okosijeni, mankhwala kuchuluka, otsala kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri zinthu ndi yaing'ono, ndi electrolyte akhoza zobwezerezedwanso pambuyo anachita, kuchuluka kwa asidi yafupika, mtengo amapulumutsidwa, kuwononga chilengedwe ndi otsika zipangizo, posachedwapa kuwononga zipangizo ndi kuchepa. electrochemical njira pang'onopang'ono yakhala njira yokondedwa yokonzekera graphite yowonjezereka ndi mabizinesi ambiri okhala ndi zabwino zambiri.
Njira ya kufalikira kwa gasi ndikutulutsa graphite yowonjezereka polumikizana ndi intercalator ndi graphite mu mawonekedwe a mpweya ndi intercalating reaction.Nthawi zambiri, graphite ndi choyikapo zimayikidwa pa malekezero onse a galasi losagwira magalasi riyakitala, ndipo vacuum imapopedwa ndi kusindikizidwa, kotero imadziwikanso kuti njira yazipinda ziwiri -njira yolumikizira zitsulo -EG ndi alsize zitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Ubwino: kapangidwe ndi dongosolo la riyakitala akhoza kulamulidwa, ndi reactants ndi mankhwala akhoza kupatukana mosavuta.
Kuipa: chipangizo anachita ndi zovuta, ntchito ndi zovuta kwambiri, kotero linanena bungwe ndi ochepa, ndi zimene ayenera kuchitidwa pansi pa zinthu kutentha kwambiri, nthawi yaitali, ndi zinthu anachita ndi mkulu kwambiri, malo kukonzekera ayenera vacuum, kotero mtengo kupanga ndi mkulu, si oyenera ntchito yaikulu kupanga.
The osakaniza madzi gawo njira ndi mwachindunji kusakaniza anaikapo zinthu ndi graphite, pansi pa chitetezo cha kuyenda wa inert mpweya kapena kusindikiza dongosolo Kutentha anachita kukonzekera expandable graphite. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu za alkali metal-graphite interlaminar compounds (GICs).
Ubwino: The ndondomeko n'zosavuta, zimene liwiro ndi kudya, ndi kusintha chiŵerengero cha graphite zopangira ndi amaika angafikire dongosolo lina ndi zikuchokera expandable graphite, oyenera kwambiri kupanga misa.
Zoipa: The anapanga mankhwala osakhazikika, n'zovuta kulimbana ndi ufulu anaikapo mankhwala Ufumuyo pamwamba GICs, ndipo n'zovuta kuonetsetsa kugwirizana kwa graphite interlamellar mankhwala pamene chiwerengero chachikulu cha kaphatikizidwe.
Njira yosungunula ndi kusakaniza graphite ndi intercalating zakuthupi ndi kutentha kukonzekera expandable graphite.Kuchokera pa mfundo yakuti zigawo eutectic akhoza kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa dongosolo (pansi pa kusungunuka kwa chigawo chilichonse), ndi njira yokonza ternary kapena multicomponent GICs poika zinthu ziwiri kapena kuposa (omwe ayenera kukhala wokhoza kupanga molgraph mwa njira yopangira mchere). ntchito pokonza zitsulo kloridi - GICs.
Ubwino: The kaphatikizidwe mankhwala ali bata wabwino, zosavuta kuchapa, zosavuta anachita chipangizo, otsika anachita kutentha, nthawi yochepa, oyenera kupanga yaikulu.
Kuipa: n'zovuta kulamulira dongosolo dongosolo ndi zikuchokera mankhwala mu ndondomeko anachita, ndipo n'zovuta kuonetsetsa kugwirizana dongosolo dongosolo ndi zikuchokera mankhwala mu kaphatikizidwe misa.
Njira yopanikizidwa ndi kusakaniza matrix a graphite ndi zitsulo zamchere zamchere ndi ufa wachitsulo wosowa padziko lapansi ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti apange M-GICS pansi pamikhalidwe yopanikizika.
Zoipa: Pokhapokha pamene kuthamanga kwa nthunzi kwachitsulo kupitirira malire ena, kulowetsamo kungathe kuchitika; Komabe, kutentha kwambiri, n'zosavuta chifukwa zitsulo ndi graphite kupanga carbides, zoipa anachita, kotero kutentha anachita kuyenera kulamulidwa mu osiyanasiyana range.The kuyika kutentha kwa osowa dziko zitsulo ndi okwera kwambiri, kotero kuthamanga ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa anachita temperature.This njira ndi oyenera yokonza zitsulo-GICS ndi otsika kusungunuka mfundo, koma chipangizo ndi zovuta ndipo zofunika ntchito ndi osowa kwambiri, choncho ntchito ndi osowa kwambiri.
Kuphulika njira zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito graphite ndi wothandizila kukula monga KClO4, Mg(ClO4) 2 · nH2O, Zn(NO3) 2 · nH2O pyropyros kapena zosakaniza anakonza, pamene mkangano, graphite adzakhala imodzi makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi intercalation anachita cambium pawiri, amene motero pamene kukodzedwa mu njira zitsulo "mchere". kukulitsa wothandizira, mankhwalawa ndi ovuta kwambiri, omwe samangowonjezera graphite, komanso zitsulo.
