Graphite yapamwamba kwambiri ili ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yamakina, kukhazikika kwa kutentha, kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri kutentha ndi magetsi mkati mwa ndege, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa zipangizo zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zambiri monga ma conductor a photothermal omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mabatire m'mafoni. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wapadera wa graphite, pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma laboratories. Zipangizo. Makhalidwe abwino awa amapezeka chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka graphite, komwe maubwenzi amphamvu pakati pa maatomu a kaboni m'magawo a graphene amathandizira kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri amakina, kuyendetsa kutentha ndi magetsi, pomwe kuyanjana kochepa kwambiri pakati pa zigawo za graphene. Kuchita izi kumapangitsa kuti graphite ikhale yosinthasintha kwambiri. Ngakhale graphite yapezeka m'chilengedwe kwa zaka zoposa 1000 ndipo kapangidwe kake kopangidwa kaphunziridwa kwa zaka zoposa 100, mtundu wa zitsanzo za graphite, zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa, si wabwino kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa malo akuluakulu a graphite a kristalo imodzi m'zinthu za graphite nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepera 1 mm, zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi kukula kwa makristalo ambiri monga makristalo amodzi a quartz ndi makristalo amodzi a silicon. Kukula kwake kumatha kufika pa muyeso wa mita imodzi. Kukula kochepa kwambiri kwa graphite ya kristalo imodzi kumachitika chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kofooka pakati pa zigawo za graphite, ndipo kusalala kwa gawo la graphene kumakhala kovuta kusunga panthawi yokukula, kotero graphite imagawidwa mosavuta m'magawo angapo a tinthu ta kristalo imodzi molakwika. . Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli lalikulu, Pulofesa Emeritus wa Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) ndi anzake Pulofesa Liu Kaihui, Pulofesa Wang Enge wa Peking University, ndi ena apereka njira yopangira filimu ya graphite ya makristasi imodzi yopyapyala, mpaka kufika pa inchi imodzi. Njira yawo imagwiritsa ntchito foil ya nickel ya kristalo imodzi ngati substrate, ndipo maatomu a kaboni amadyetsedwa kuchokera kumbuyo kwa foil ya nickel kudzera mu "njira yosungunuka-kufalikira-kuikapo malo". M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito gwero la makatoni a gaseous, adasankha zinthu zolimba za kaboni kuti zithandize kukula kwa graphite. Njira yatsopanoyi imapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupanga mafilimu a graphite a kristalo imodzi okhala ndi makulidwe a pafupifupi inchi imodzi ndi ma microns 35, kapena zigawo zoposa 100,000 za graphene m'masiku ochepa. Poyerekeza ndi zitsanzo zonse za graphite zomwe zilipo, graphite ya kristalo imodzi ili ndi mphamvu yotentha ya ~2880 W m-1K-1, kuchuluka kochepa kwa zodetsa, komanso mtunda wocheperako pakati pa zigawo. (1) Kupanga bwino mafilimu a nickel a kristalo imodzi akuluakulu ngati zinthu zosalala kwambiri kumapewa kusokonezeka kwa graphite yopangidwa; (2) Zigawo 100,000 za graphene zimakula mosasinthika mkati mwa maola pafupifupi 100, kotero kuti gawo lililonse la graphene limapangidwa m'malo omwewo a mankhwala ndi kutentha, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti graphite ndi yofanana; (3) Kupereka mpweya kosalekeza kudzera kumbuyo kwa nickel foil kumalola zigawo za graphene kukula mosalekeza pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, pafupifupi gawo limodzi masekondi asanu aliwonse, "
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-09-2022