Graphite yog ib qho allotrope ntawm carbon, ib qho siv lead ua hloov pauv ntawm cov siv lead ua atomic, cov siv lead ua hlau thiab cov siv lead ua molecular. Feem ntau yog xim dub grey, mos mos, muaj roj ntau. Muaj cua sov ntxiv hauv huab cua lossis oxygen uas hlawv thiab tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide. Cov neeg sawv cev oxidizing muaj zog yuav oxidize nws mus rau hauv cov organic acids. Siv ua tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab cov khoom siv lubricating, ua crucible, electrode, roj teeb qhuav, thiab cov hlau lead cwj mem. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm kev nrhiav graphite: natural graphite, dense crystalline graphite, flake graphite, cryptocrystalline graphite, graphite hmoov, graphite ntawv, expanded graphite, graphite emulsion, expanded graphite, clay graphite thiab conductive graphite hmoov, thiab lwm yam.
1. Kev ua haujlwm kub siab: lub ntsiab lus yaj ntawm graphite yog 3850 ± 50 ℃, txawm tias tom qab kub kub heev arc hlawv, qhov hnyav poob me me heev, coefficient thermal expansion me me heev. Lub zog ntawm graphite nce nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ntawm 2000 ℃, lub zog ntawm graphite ob npaug.
2. kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm thermal: qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm graphite yog ib puas npaug siab dua li cov hlau tsis yog hlau. Qhov kev ua haujlwm thermal ntawm hlau, hlau, txhuas thiab lwm yam khoom siv hlau. Qhov kev ua haujlwm thermal txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, txawm tias thaum kub heev, graphite rau hauv rwb thaiv tsev;
3. lubricity: qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm graphite nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm graphite flake, flake, kev sib txhuam coefficient me dua, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lubrication zoo dua;
4. kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg: graphite ntawm chav tsev kub muaj kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg zoo, tiv taus kua qaub, tiv taus alkali thiab tiv taus cov kuab tshuaj organic;
5. plasticity: graphite toughness zoo, tuaj yeem raug tsoo rau hauv daim ntawv nyias heev;
6. thermal shock tsis kam: graphite ntawm chav tsev kub thaum siv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, qhov kub hloov pauv, qhov ntim ntawm graphite hloov me ntsis, yuav tsis tawg.
1. kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw: cov pa roj carbon ruaj khov, cov dej noo, cov khoom tsis huv, thiab lwm yam.;
2. Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev: qhov nyuaj, tshauv, viscosity, fineness, qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me, volatilization, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tshwj xeeb, thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, melting point, thiab lwm yam.
3. kev kuaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab: lub zog tensile, brittleness, kev sim khoov, kev sim tensile;
4. Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm tshuaj lom neeg: tiv taus dej, ua haujlwm ntev, tiv taus kua qaub thiab alkali, tiv taus corrosion, tiv taus huab cua, tiv taus kub, thiab lwm yam
5. Lwm yam khoom sim: kev ua hluav taws xob, kev ua thermal, lubrication, kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg, kev tiv thaiv thermal shock