Maka nchọpụta na ojiji nke flake graphite, e nwere ihe ndekọ nke ọma, mgbe akwụkwọ Shuijing Zhu bụ nke mbụ, nke kwuru na "e nwere ugwu graphite n'akụkụ Osimiri Luoshui". Nkume ndị ahụ niile bụ oji, yabụ akwụkwọ nwere ike ịdị obere, yabụ a maara ha maka graphite ha. "Nchọpụta ihe mgbe ochie na-egosi na ihe karịrị afọ 3,000 gara aga na Ọchịchị Shang, China jiri graphite dee ihe odide, nke dịgidere ruo na njedebe nke Ọchịchị Han nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ (AD 220). E jiri ink ụtaba pine dochie graphite dị ka ink akwụkwọ. N'oge Daoguang nke Ọchịchị Qing (AD 1821-1850), ndị ọrụ ugbo na Chenzhou, Ógbè Hunan gwupụtara flake graphite dị ka mmanụ ọkụ, nke a kpọrọ "carbon mmanụ".
Aha Bekee nke Graphite sitere na okwu Grik bụ "graphite in", nke pụtara "ide ihe". Ọ bụ onye German na-ahụ maka kemistri na mineral bụ AGWerner kpọrọ ya aha na 1789.
Usoro molekul nke flake graphite bụ C, ibu ya dịkwa 12.01. Graphite eke bụ ígwè ojii na isi awọ ígwè, nwere akara ojii na-egbuke egbuke, ihe na-egbuke egbuke na opacity. Kristal ahụ bụ nke klas nke kristal biconical dị mgbagwoju anya, nke bụ kristal efere hexagonal. Ụdị simplex a na-ahụkarị gụnyere kọlụm abụọ nwere akụkụ abụọ, hexagonal biconical na hexagonal, mana ụdị kristal a na-anaghị agbanwe agbanwe adịghị ahụkebe, ọ na-abụkarịkwa nke nwere scaly ma ọ bụ dị ka efere. Paramita: a0=0.246nm, c0=0.670nm Nhazi a na-ahụkarị, nke a na-ahazi atọm carbon n'ime akwa, carbon ọ bụla na-ejikọkwa ya na carbon dị n'akụkụ, a na-ahazikwa carbon dị n'ime akwa ọ bụla na mgbanaka hexagonal. Mgbaaka hexagonal nke carbon dị n'ime akwa dị n'akụkụ elu na ala na-agbanwe n'akụkụ n'akụkụ nke yiri plane mesh wee jikọta ya iji mepụta nhazi oyi akwa. Ntuziaka dị iche iche na anya nke mbugharị na-eduga na nhazi polymorphic dị iche iche. Anya dị n'etiti atọm carbon dị n'ime akwa elu na ala buru ibu karịa nke dị n'etiti atọm carbon dị n'otu akwa ahụ (oghere CC n'ime akwa = 0.142nm, oghere CC n'etiti akwa = 0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 ike ndọda pụrụ iche na mpaghara elu 5-10m2/g kpọmkwem. Ike siri ike bụ anisotropic, oghere nkewa kwụ ọtọ bụ 3-5, ebe oghere nkewa yiri ya bụ 1-2. Nchịkọta na-abụkarị akpụ akpụ, kpụkọrọ akpụkọ ma dị ka ájá. Flake graphite nwere ezigbo ike eletriki na okpomọkụ. Flakes mineral ndị ahụ na-adịkarịghị ọcha n'okpuru ìhè ebufere, flakes dị gịrịgịrị dị oke mkpa bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ-isi awọ, otuaxial, nwere ndeksi ntụgharị nke 1.93 ~ 2.07. N'okpuru ìhè na-egosipụta, ha bụ aja aja-isi awọ dị mfe, nwere agba ntụgharị doro anya, isi awọ Ro nwere aja aja, isi awọ acha anụnụ anụnụ gbara ọchịchịrị, ntụgharị Ro23 (uhie), Re5.5 (uhie), agba ntụgharị doro anya na ntụgharị okpukpu abụọ, ike dị iche iche na polarization. Njirimara njirimara: ojii ígwè, obere ike, otu nke oke oke nkewa, mgbanwe, mmetụta na-amị amị, na aka dị mfe imebi. Ọ bụrụ na etinye obere zinc nke mmiri ọla kọpa sulfate gbara na graphite, ntụpọ ọla kọpa ọla nwere ike ịpụta, ebe molybdenite yiri ya enweghị mmeghachi omume dị otú ahụ.
Graphite bụ allotrope nke elemental carbon (allotropes ndị ọzọ gụnyere diamond, carbon 60, carbon nanotubes na graphene), na mpụta nke atọm carbon ọ bụla jikọtara ya na atọm carbon atọ ndị ọzọ (ọtụtụ hexagons edobere n'ụdị mmanụ aṅụ) iji mepụta molekul covalent. Ebe ọ bụ na atọm carbon ọ bụla na-ewepụta elektrọn, elektrọn ndị ahụ nwere ike ịkwaga n'enweghị nsogbu, yabụ flake graphite bụ onye na-eduzi eletriki. A na-achịkwa mbara igwe site na njikọ molekul, nke na-adịghị mma na molekul, yabụ na ọ na-ese n'elu mmiri nke ọma. N'ihi ụdị njikọ pụrụ iche nke flake graphite, anyị enweghị ike iche na flake graphite bụ otu kristal ma ọ bụ polycrystal. Ugbu a, a na-ewerekarị ya na flake graphite bụ ụdị kristal agwakọtara.
Oge ozi: Nọvemba-04-2022