Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukunakwa okuningi kukhokhelwe ku-supermaterial gradene. Kepha kuyini i-grage? Cabanga ngento eyi-200 enamandla ka-200 kunensimbi, kepha izikhathi eziyi-1000 zilula kunephepha.
Ngo-2004, ososayensi ababili abavela e-University of Manchester, u-Andrei Geim noKonstantin Novoselov, "badlalwa" ngegrafu. Yebo, into efanayo oyitholayo esiqongweni sepensela. Babenelukuluku mayelana nokuqukethwe futhi bafuna ukwazi ukuthi kungasuswa yini kusendlalelo esisodwa. Ngakho-ke bathola ithuluzi elingajwayelekile: I-Duct Tape.
"Ubeka [itheyipu] ngaphezulu kwe-graphite noma i-mica bese usula ungqimba oluphezulu," kuchaze i-BBC. Ama-graphite flokes andiza ethepheni. Bese ugoqa itheyipu ngesigamu bese uyinamathisela ephepheni eliphezulu, bese ulihlukanisa futhi. Ngemuva kwalokho uyaphinda le nqubo izikhathi eziyi-10 noma ezingama-20.
"Njalo lapho ama-flakes ahlukana abe mncane futhi anciphile. Ekugcineni, ama-flakes amancanyana ahlala ebhande. Uqeda itheyiphu futhi konke kuncibilikisa."
Ngokumangazayo, indlela yeteyipu yasebenza izimangaliso. Lokhu kuhlolwa okuthokozisayo kuholele ekutholweni kwe-graphe ye-lingle-ungqimba.
Ngo-2010, uHeim noNovoselov bathole umklomelo kaNobel ku-physics ngokutholwa kwabo kwe-graphene, okuqukethwe ama-athomu e-carbon ahlelwe ethangeni le-hexagonal, elifana ne-wire yenkukhu.
Enye yezizathu eziphambili graphene zimangalisa kakhulu isakhiwo sayo. Ungqimba olulodwa lwe-pristine graphene luvela njengongqimba lwama-athomu e-carbon ahlelwe ngesakhiwo se-hexagonal lattice. Lesi sakhiwo sezinyosi sezinyosi se-athomu sinikeza ama-graphene amandla ayo ahlaba umxhwele.
I-Graphene nayo i-superstar kagesi. Emazingeni okushisa ekamelo, kuqhuba ugesi kangcono kunanoma iyiphi enye into.
Khumbula lawo ma-athomu e-carbon esixoxe ngawo? Yebo, ngamunye abe ne-electron eyengeziwe ebizwa nge-PI Electron. Le electron ihamba ngokukhululeka, ukuyivumela ukuthi yenze ukuhunyushwa ngokusebenzisa izingqimba eziningi ze-grapheene nokuphikiswa okuncane.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lube yi-graphene eMassachusetts Institute of Technology (Mit) uthole okuthile cishe umlingo: lapho wena omncane (ama-degree angu-1.1) ajikeleze izingqimba ezimbili ze-grapheentiment, i-graphene iba yi-superconductor.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungaqhuba ugesi ngaphandle kokumelana noma ukushisa, ukuvula amathuba ajabulisayo we-superconductivity yesikhathi esizayo emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.
Enye yezicelo ezilindelwe kakhulu ze-graphene zisemabhethri. Ngenxa yokuvumelanisa kwayo okuphakeme, singakwazi ukukhiqiza amabhethri we-graphene ashaja ngokushesha futhi ahlale isikhathi eside kunamabhethri anamuhla e-lithium-ion.
Ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-Samsung neHuawei sezivele zithathe le ndlela, zihlose ukwethula le nqubekela phambili kumagajethi ethu ansuku zonke.
"Ngo-2024, silindele ukuthi uhla lwemikhiqizo ye-graphene ibe khona emakethe," kusho u-Andrea Ferrari, umqondisi weCambridge Graph Center kanye nomcwaningi e-graphene Flagship, uhlelo oluqhutshwa yi-european grafu. Le nkampani itshala imali engu-1 billion euros kumaphrojekthi ahlanganyelwe. amaphrojekthi. I-Alliance isheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-graphene.
Abalingani be-Flagship's Research sebevele bakha amabhethri we-graphene ahlinzeka ngamaphesenti angama-20% ama-15% amandla amaningi kunamabhethri anamuhla anamandla amakhulu. Amanye amaqembu adale amaseli we-graphene-based solar asebenza ngamaphesenti angama-20 asebenza kahle ekuguquleni ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi.
Ngenkathi kunemikhiqizo ethile yokuqala ehlanganise amandla we-grapheene, njengemishini yezemidlalo, okungcono kakhulu kuseza. Njengoba uFerrari aphawula: "Sikhuluma nge-graphene, kodwa empeleni sikhuluma ngenani elikhulu lezinketho ezifundwayo. Izinto zihamba ngendlela efanele."
Le ndatshana ivuselelwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokufakelwa ubuhlakani, ihlolwe iqiniso, futhi ihlelwe ngabahleli be-HowTuffworks.
I-Sports Equipment Equiment Head isebenzise lokhu okumangazayo. I-graphene tennis racket yazo ifuna ukuthi kube lula ama-20% ngesisindo esifanayo. Lokhu ubuchwepheshe obuguqukayo ngempela!
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Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-21-2023