Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingqalelo enkulu ihlawulwe kwigraphete ye-uppermal. Kodwa yintoni idiphetha? Kulungile, khawucinge into enamandla ama-200 anamandla kunentsimbi, kodwa izihlandlo ezili-1000 zilula kunephepha.
Ngo-2004, izazinzulu ezimbini kwiDyunivesithi yaseManchester, uAndrei Geim kunye noKonstantin Novooselov, "wadlala" ngegrafu. Ewe, nento efanayo oyifumanayo kwincam yepensile. Babenomdla wokwazi malunga nomxholo kwaye bafuna ukwazi ukuba ingashenxiswa ukuba ingasuswa ngakwicala elinye. Ke bafumana isixhobo esingaqhelekanga: i-duct tape.
"Uyibeka itheyipu ngaphezulu kwegrafu okanye iMika kwaye ke uchithe ungqimba oluphezulu," uHeim wacacisa kwi-BBC. I-physite flake ihamba ngaphandle kweteyiphu. Emva koko lungisa i-tepe kwisiqingatha kwaye ugwele iphepha elingaphezulu, uze uhlule kwakhona. Emva koko uphinda le nkqubo 10 okanye ama-20.
"Ixesha ngalinye iifletshi ziqhekeza ziye kwi-claker kunye ne-claker flaker. Ukuphela, iflethi ecekeceke kakhulu zihlala kwibhaphu."
Ngokumangalisayo, indlela yetywina yasebenza imimangaliso. Olu phawu lunomdla lukhokelela ekufumanekeni kwe-flakene yegraphema engatshatanga.
Ngo-2010, i-heim kunye ne-NOVOOSOV bafumana imbambano ye-Nobel kwi-fire, impahla ecetywayo ye-carbon latom ye-hexagonal laire, efana nenkukhu.
Esona sizathu siphambili somaraphene sisimangalo. Umaleko omnye we-pristine raphene uvela njengomaleko we-carbon atom acwangciswe kwi-hexagonal lattice. Esi sakhiwo se-Atomic-sike i-sydecomb screen inika iGraphene amandla ayo achukumisayo.
I-Graphene ikwayi-superstar yombane. Kumaqondo obushushu egumbi, iqhuba umbane ngakumbi kunezinye izinto.
Khumbula ukuba iiatom zekhabhoni sithethe ngayo? Ewe, nganye ine-elektroni eyongezelelweyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-pi e-Electroni. Le elektroni ihamba ngokukhululekileyo, ivumela ukuba iqhube ikwimeko yokuhamba nge-Graine yeGraine enokumelana nokunganyangeki.
Uphando lwakutsha nje oluseMassachusetts Institute yeTekhnoloji (Mit) ifumene into ephantse yangqinelana nale right Graine ngaphandle kolungelelwaniso, igraphene iba yi-supercontur.
Oku kuthetha ukuba inokuqhuba umbane ngaphandle kokuxhathisa okanye ubushushu, ukuvula amathuba okuzonwabisa kwixesha elizayo kubushushu begumbi.
Enye yezona zicelo zilindelweyo zegraphene zikwibhetri. Ngenxa yokuqhutywa kwayo eyona nto iphambili, sinokuvelisa iibhetri zeraphene ezihlawula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kune-lithium yanamhlanje.
Ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu ezinje nge-Samsung kunye ne-huawei sele zithathe le ndlela, zijolise ekuziseni oku kuqhubela phambili kwinkqubela phambili yethu yemihla ngemihla.
"Ngowama-2024, silindele ukuba uluhlu lweemveliso zegraphene ukuba zibekho emarikeni, uMlawuli we-Cabridge Central Country kwaye umphengululi kwi-Graphene iFress Inkampani ityale imali eyi-1 yeebhiliyoni kwiiprojekthi ezidibeneyo. Iiprojekthi. Umanyano luyakhawulezisa ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji ye-diephene.
Amahlakani ophando kaFubsship sele edala iibhetri zerakra ezibonelela ngama-20% amandla aphezulu kunye namandla ayi-15% aphezulu kunebhetri enamandla aphezulu. Amanye amaqela enze iiseli ze-Graphene e-Solar ezi-20 pesenti isebenze ngakumbi ekuguquleni ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane.
Ngelixa kukho ezinye iimveliso zokuqala eziye zayifumana amandla eGraphene, ezinje ngezixhobo zezemidlalo zentloko, ezona zilungileyo ziseza. Njengoko iFerrari yathi: "Sithetha ngoGraine, kodwa eneneni sithetha malunga nenani elikhulu lokukhetha. Izinto zihamba kwicala elifanelekileyo."
Eli nqaku lihlaziyiwe lisebenzisa itekhnoloji yobukrelekrele, inyani, kwaye ihleliwe ngabahleli behlehlisi.
Intloko yezixhobo zemidlalo isebenzise le nto imangalisayo. I-rapheney ye-tennis yazo ye-tennis ibanga ukuba ibe yi-20% ilula kancinci kubunzima obufanayo. Le yitekhnoloji yoguquko ngokwenene!
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IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNV-21 ukuya kwi-2123