Mumakore achangopfuura, graphene yakanyanya kutariswa. Asi chii chinonzi graphene? Fungidzira chinhu chakasimba kupfuura simbi ka200, asi chakareruka ka1000 kupfuura bepa.
Muna 2004, masayendisiti maviri kubva kuYunivhesiti yeManchester, Andrei Geim naKonstantin Novoselov, "vakatamba" negirafiti. Ehe, chinhu chimwe chete chaunowana pamucheto wepenzura. Vaida kuziva nezvechinhu chacho uye vaida kuziva kana chaigona kubviswa muchikamu chimwe chete. Saka vakawana chishandiso chisina kujairika: tepi yemuchina.
"Unoisa [tepi] pamusoro pegirafiti kana mica wobva wabvisa chikamu chepamusoro," Heim akatsanangurira BBC. Maflakisi egirafiti anobhururuka kubva patepi. Wobva wapeta tepi nepakati woinamira papepa repamusoro, wobva waaparadzanisa zvakare. Wobva wadzokorora maitiro aya kagumi kana makumi maviri.
"Nguva imwe neimwe zvidimbu zvinopatsanuka kuita zvidimbu zvitete uye zvitete. Pakupedzisira, zvidimbu zvitete zvinosara pabhandi. Unonyungudutsa tepi uye zvese zvinonyunguduka."
Zvinoshamisa kuti nzira yetepi yakashanda zvinoshamisa. Kuedza uku kunonakidza kwakaita kuti pawanikwe ma graphene flakes ane jira rimwe chete.
Muna 2010, Heim naNovoselov vakagamuchira Mubairo weNobel muFizikisi nekuda kwekuwana kwavo graphene, chinhu chakaumbwa nemaatomu ekabhoni akarongwa muhexagonal lattice, akafanana newaya yehuku.
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvinoita kuti graphene ive inoshamisa zvikuru inyaya yemagadzirirwo ayo. Rutivi rumwe chete rwegraphene yakachena runoonekwa serutivi rwemaatomu ekabhoni akarongwa muchimiro chehexagonal lattice. Chimiro ichi cheuchi cheatomu chinoita kuti graphene ive nesimba rayo rinoshamisa.
Graphene inyanzvi yemagetsi zvakare. Pakupisa kwemukamuri, inofambisa magetsi zviri nani kupfuura chero chimwe chinhu.
Unoyeuka here maatomu ekabhoni atakurukura? Ehe, rimwe nerimwe rine erekitironi rekuwedzera rinonzi pi electron. Erekitironi iyi inofamba zvakasununguka, ichiibvumira kuita conduction kuburikidza nezvidimbu zvakawanda zvegraphene pasina kusimba kwakanyanya.
Tsvagiridzo ichangobva kuitwa pamusoro pegraphene paMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) yakawana chimwe chinhu chinonakidza: kana ukatenderedza zvishoma (madhigirii 1.1 chete) graphene ikasaenderana, graphene inova superconductor.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti inogona kufambisa magetsi isina simba kana kupisa, zvichivhura mikana inonakidza yekufambisa magetsi zvakanyanya mune ramangwana patembiricha yemumba.
Imwe yenzira dzinotarisirwa zvikuru dzekushandisa graphene ndeyekushandisa mabhatiri. Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka, tinogona kugadzira mabhatiri egraphene anochaja nekukurumidza uye anogara kwenguva refu kupfuura mabhatiri emazuva ano e lithium-ion.
Mamwe makambani makuru akadai seSamsung neHuawei atotora nzira iyi, vachivavarira kuunza kufambira mberi uku muzvishandiso zvedu zvemazuva ese.
"Panosvika gore ra2024, tinotarisira kuti mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zve graphene dzichange dziri pamusika," akadaro Andrea Ferrari, director weCambridge Graphene Center uye muongorori weGraphene Flagship, chirongwa chinotungamirwa neEuropean Graphene. Kambani iyi iri kuisa mari inosvika bhiriyoni imwe chete yemaeuro mumapurojekiti akabatana. Mubatanidzwa uyu unokurumidzisa kukura kwetekinoroji ye graphene.
Vatsigiri veFlagship vari kutogadzira mabhatiri egraphene anopa simba rakawanda ne20% uye simba rakawanda ne15% kupfuura mabhatiri akanakisa ane simba rakawanda emazuva ano. Mamwe mapoka akagadzira masero ezuva akavakirwa pagraphene anoshanda zvakanyanya ne20% pakushandura chiedza chezuva kuita magetsi.
Kunyange zvazvo paine zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekare zvakashandisa kugona kwegraphene, zvakaita seHead sports equipment, zvakanakisa zviri kuuya. Sezvakataurwa naFerrari: "Tinotaura nezvegraphene, asi muchokwadi tiri kutaura nezvesarudzo dzakawanda dziri kudzidzwa. Zvinhu zviri kufamba nenzira kwayo."
Chinyorwa chino chakagadziridzwa uchishandisa tekinoroji yehungwaru hwekugadzira, chakaongororwa chokwadi, uye chakagadziriswa nevapepeti veHowStuffWorks.
Mugadziri wemidziyo yemitambo Head akashandisa chinhu ichi chinoshamisa. Racket yavo yetennis yeGraphene XT inoti yakareruka ne20% nehuremu hwakafanana. Iyi tekinoroji inochinja-chinja zvechokwadi!
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Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-21-2023