Mo te kitenga me te whakamahi i te kauwhata tawerewere, he keehi kua tino tuhia, i te mea ko te pukapuka Shuijing Zhu te pukapuka tuatahi, i kii "he maunga kauwhata kei te taha o te awa o Luoshui". He pango katoa nga toka, no reira he iti noa nga pukapuka, no reira e rongonui ana mo te kauwhata. ” Ko nga kitenga whaipara tangata e whakaatu ana i te wa neke atu i te 3,000 tau ki muri i te Shang Dynasty, i whakamahia e Haina te graphite ki te tuhi tohu, i mau tae noa ki te mutunga o te Tai Rawhiti Han Dynasty (AD 220). Ko te graphite hei waituhi pukapuka i whakakapihia e te waituhi paina paina. te graphite tawerewere hei wahie, i kiia ko “wao hinu”.
Ko te ingoa Ingarihi o Graphite i ahu mai i te kupu Kariki "graphite in", ko te tikanga "ki te tuhi". I te tau 1789 i whakaingoatia e te Tiamana kaimoana me te kohuke kohuke a AGWerner.
Ko te tātai rāpoi o te kauwhata tawerewere he C me tōna taumaha rāpoi he 12.01. Ko te kauwhata taiao he pango rino me te hina hina, me nga koiri pango kanapa, te kanapa me te puatakore. No te karaehe o nga tioata hexagonal biconical matatini, he tioata pereti hexagonal. Kei roto i nga ahua ngawari noa nga taha-rua whakarara, he hexagonal biconical me te hexagonal pou, engari he onge te ahua o te karaihe mau tonu, a, i te nuinga o te wa he kirikiri, he pereti te ahua. Tawhā: a0=0.246nm, c0=0.670nm He hanganga paparanga angamaheni, he mea whakarite nga ngota waro ki nga paparanga, ka hono rite ia waro ki te waro patata, me te waro o ia paparanga kua whakaritea ki te mowhiti hexagonal. Ko nga mowhiti hexagonal o te waro kei runga me te taha o raro o nga paparanga tata ka nukuhia ki te ahunga whakarara ki te papa mata katahi ka tapae kia hanga he anga paparanga. Ko nga ahunga rereke me nga tawhiti o te nekehanga ka arahi ki nga hanganga polymorphic rereke. Ko te tawhiti i waenga i nga ngota waro o te papa o runga me o raro he nui ake i tera i waenga i nga ngota waro i te paparanga kotahi (CC mokowā i roto i nga paparanga =0.142nm, CC mokowā i waenganui i nga paparanga =0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 te taumaha motuhake me te 5-10m2/g te horahanga mata motuhake. He anisotropic te pakeke, he 3-5 te rererangi wehenga poutū, he 1-2 te rererangi wehenga whakarara. He kirikiri, pupiripia me te oneone nga kohinga. He pai te kawe hiko me te waiariki o te graphite flake. Ko nga tawerewere kohuke he puatakore i raro i te marama tuku, ko nga tawerewere tino angiangi he maama kaakaariki-hina, uniaxial, me te taupū whakaahuru o 1.93 ~ 2.07. I raro i te marama e whakaatahia ana, he parauri-hina te marama, he marama te whakaata i te tae maha, Ro hina me te parauri, Re pouri puru hina, whakaata Ro23 (whero), Re5.5 (whero), kitea te tae whakaata me te whakaata rua, te rerekee me te polarization. Ko nga tohu tohu: he pango rino, he iti te pakeke, he roopu tino mawehe, he ngawari, he pahekeheke, he ngawari ki te poke nga ringa. Mēnā ka utaina ngā matūriki konutea i mākūhia e te wairewa pūkawa ngāwha konukura ki runga kauwhata, ka taea te whakaheke i nga waahi konukawata, ko te molybdenite e rite ana ki a ia kaore he tauhohenga pera.
Ko te Graphite he allotrope o te waro huānga (ko etahi atu allotropes ko te taimana, te waro 60, te ngongo waro me te graphene), ka hono te taha o ia ngota waro ki etahi atu ngota waro e toru (he maha o nga hexagons kua whakaritea ki te ahua o te honikoma) hei hanga ngota ngota. I te mea ka tukuna e ia ngota waro he irahiko, ka taea e aua irahiko te neke noa, no reira ko te kauwhata tawerewere he kawe hiko. Ko te rererangi o te wehenga e kaha ana ki nga here ngota, he ngoikore te kukume ki nga ngota ngota, no reira he pai rawa atu te rere o te taiao. Na te ahua honohono motuhake o te kauwhata tawerewere, kare e taea e matou te whakaaro ko te kauwhata tawerewere he karaihe kotahi, he polycrystal ranei. Inaianei e kiia ana ko te kauwhata tawerewere he momo karaihe whakauru.
Wā tuku: Noema-04-2022