Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, muaj ntau yam kev saib xyuas rau cov khoom siv graphene. Tab sis graphene yog dab tsi? Zoo, xav txog ib yam khoom uas muaj zog dua hlau 200 npaug, tab sis sib dua ntawv 1000 npaug.
Xyoo 2004, ob tug kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Manchester, Andrei Geim thiab Konstantin Novoselov, "ua si" nrog graphite. Yog lawm, tib yam koj pom ntawm lub taub ntawm tus cwj mem. Lawv xav paub txog cov khoom siv thiab xav paub seb nws puas tuaj yeem tshem tawm hauv ib txheej. Yog li lawv pom ib lub cuab yeej txawv txawv: daim kab xev duct.
"Koj muab [daim kab xev] tso rau saum graphite lossis mica thiab tom qab ntawd tev tawm txheej sab saud," Heim piav qhia rau BBC. Cov graphite flakes ya tawm ntawm daim kab xev. Tom qab ntawd quav daim kab xev ua ob nrab thiab nplaum rau daim ntawv sab saud, tom qab ntawd cais lawv dua. Tom qab ntawd koj rov ua qhov txheej txheem no 10 lossis 20 zaug.
"Txhua zaus cov nplais tawg ua cov nplais nyias nyias zuj zus. Thaum kawg, cov nplais nyias heev tseem nyob ntawm txoj siv. Koj yaj daim kab xev thiab txhua yam yuav yaj."
Qhov xav tsis thoob yog, txoj kev siv daim kab xev ua haujlwm tau zoo kawg nkaus. Qhov kev sim no ua rau pom cov graphene flakes ib txheej.
Xyoo 2010, Heim thiab Novoselov tau txais Nobel Prize hauv Physics rau lawv qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm graphene, ib yam khoom siv uas muaj cov pa roj carbon atoms teeb tsa hauv lub lattice hexagonal, zoo ib yam li cov hlau qaib.
Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas graphene zoo kawg nkaus yog nws cov qauv. Ib txheej ntawm graphene zoo nkauj tshwm sim ua ib txheej ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms teeb tsa hauv cov qauv hexagonal lattice. Cov qauv honeycomb atomic-scale no ua rau graphene muaj zog heev.
Graphene kuj yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev. Thaum sov li chav tsev, nws coj hluav taws xob tau zoo dua li lwm yam khoom siv.
Koj puas nco qab cov carbon atoms uas peb tau tham txog? Zoo, lawv txhua tus muaj ib lub electron ntxiv hu ua pi electron. Lub electron no txav mus los tau yooj yim, ua rau nws ua tau conduction los ntawm ntau txheej ntawm graphene nrog kev tiv thaiv me ntsis.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no txog graphene ntawm Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) tau pom qee yam yuav luag zoo li khawv koob: thaum koj me ntsis (tsuas yog 1.1 degrees) tig ob txheej ntawm graphene tawm ntawm qhov sib phim, graphene dhau los ua superconductor.
Qhov no txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv lossis cua sov, qhib cov cib fim zoo rau yav tom ntej superconductivity ntawm chav tsev kub.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev siv graphene uas peb xav tau tshaj plaws yog hauv cov roj teeb. Ua tsaug rau nws cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov roj teeb graphene uas them sai dua thiab kav ntev dua li cov roj teeb lithium-ion niaj hnub.
Muaj ib txhia tuam txhab loj xws li Samsung thiab Huawei twb tau taug txoj kev no lawm, lub hom phiaj yog los qhia cov kev nce qib no rau hauv peb cov khoom siv niaj hnub.
"Txog xyoo 2024, peb xav tias yuav muaj ntau yam khoom siv graphene nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam," Andrea Ferrari, tus thawj coj ntawm Cambridge Graphene Center thiab tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Graphene Flagship, ib qho kev pib ua los ntawm European Graphene, tau hais. Lub tuam txhab tab tom nqis peev 1 billion euros hauv cov haujlwm sib koom ua ke. cov haujlwm. Kev koom tes ua kom nrawm dua kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis graphene.
Cov neeg koom tes tshawb fawb ntawm Flagship twb tau tsim cov roj teeb graphene uas muab peev xwm ntau dua 20% thiab muaj zog ntau dua 15% dua li cov roj teeb muaj zog zoo tshaj plaws niaj hnub no. Lwm pab pawg tau tsim cov roj teeb hnub ci uas siv graphene uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua 20 feem pua ntawm kev hloov lub hnub ci mus ua hluav taws xob.
Txawm hais tias muaj qee cov khoom lag luam thaum ntxov uas tau siv lub peev xwm ntawm graphene, xws li Head sports equipment, qhov zoo tshaj plaws tseem tsis tau los txog. Raws li Ferrari tau hais tias: "Peb tham txog graphene, tab sis qhov tseeb peb tab tom tham txog ntau txoj kev xaiv uas tau kawm. Tej yam tab tom txav mus rau qhov yog."
Tsab xov xwm no tau hloov kho tshiab siv cov thev naus laus zis txawj ntse, kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb, thiab kho los ntawm HowStuffWorks cov neeg kho.
Lub tuam txhab tsim khoom siv kis las Head tau siv cov khoom siv zoo kawg no. Lawv lub Graphene XT tennis racket hais tias sib dua 20% ntawm tib qhov hnyav. Qhov no yog thev naus laus zis tshiab kawg li!
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Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-21-2023