Indlela ye-oxidation ye-Chemical iyindlela yendabuko yokulungiselela i-graphite enwebekayo. Ngale ndlela, i-graphite yemvelo yemvelo ixutshwe ne-ejenti efanelekile futhi ephakathi nendawo, elawulwa emazingeni okushisa athile, ivuselelwa njalo, futhi igezwe, ihlanjululwe futhi yomisiwe ukuthola i-graphite enwetshiwe. Indlela ye-Chemical Oxidation iba yindlela evuthiwe embonini ngezinzuzo zemishini elula, ukusebenza okulula nezindleko eziphansi.
Izinyathelo zezinqubo ze-oxidation zamakhemikhali zifaka i-oxidation kanye nokuphakathi kwe-graphite yisimo esiyisisekelo sokwakheka kwe-graphite enwebeka phakathi kwe-graphite phakathi kwama-graphite oxidation.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-oxidants, ngokuvamile ama-oxidants asetshenziswa yi-oxidants eqinile (njenge-potassium permanganate, i-chromium triocomate, i-potassium triocomate, futhi i-oxidizing oxidast (i-njll.), I-hydrogen peroxide, i-nitric acid, njll.). Kutholakala eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuthi i-potassium permanganate iyi-oxidant eyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukulungiselela i-graphite enwebeka.
Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-oxidizer, i-graphite i-oxidised kanye nenethiwekhi engathathi hlangothi macromoleks ku-graphite ungqimba iba yiPlayar Macromolecule ngecala elihle. Ngenxa yomphumela ophendulayo wecala elifanayo elifanele, ibanga phakathi kwezendlalelo zegrafu liyanda, elihlinzeka ngesiteshi nendawo ye-InterCalator ukufaka i-graphite ungqimba ngokushelela. Enqubweni yokulungiselela i-graphite enwebiwe, i-ejenti yokuxhumana ikakhulukazi i-acid. Eminyakeni yamuva, abacwaningi basebenzisa kakhulu i-sulfuric acid, i-nitric acid, i-phosphoric acid, i-perchloric acid, i-acid exubile ne-acetic acid.
Indlela ye-Electrochemical isendaweni ehlala njalo, ngesisombululo esingamanzi sokufakwa njenge-electrolyte, i-graphium kanye nensimbi, ipuleti ye-platinum, njll.) Yakha i-electrosite njenge-cathode njenge-loop evaliwe; Noma i-graphite imiswe ku-electrolyte, ku-electrolyte ngasikhathi sinye ifakwe kupuleti elingelona elilungile, ngokusebenzisa ama-elektrodi amabili anikezwe amandla, i-anodic oxidation. Ingaphezulu le-graphite lifakwa kwi-carbocation. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlanganisiwe sokukhangwa kagesi kanye nokuhlushwa umehluko umehluko, i-acid ion noma amanye ama-polar shadont ashumeke phakathi kwezingqimba ze-graphite ukwakha i-graphite enwebeka.
Qhathanisa nendlela ye-chemical oxidation, indlela ye-electrochemical yokulungiselela i-graphite ebonakalayo kuyo yonke inqubo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa, inani le-elekrali liyancishiswa, ukungcola kwe-eleks kuncishisiwe, ukungcola kwensiza kuncishisiwe. Indlela ye-Electrochemical iye yaba yindlela ekhethwayo yokulungiselela i-graphite enwebekayo ngamabhizinisi amaningi ngezinzuzo eziningi.
Indlela ye-Gast-Phase ye-Prefsion ukukhiqiza i-graphite enwebekayo ngokuxhumana ne-InterCalator nge-Graphite eFomu le-Gaseous kanye nokusetjenziswa kwe-vacum, ngakho-ke kwaziwa ngokuthi yi-halide -Eg kanye ne-alkali yensimbi-egqokile embonini.
Izinzuzo: Ukwakheka nokuhleleka kwe-reactor kungalawulwa, futhi ama-reactants nemikhiqizo kungahlukaniswa kalula.
Okubi: Idivaysi yokuphendula iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, ukuhlinzwa kunzima ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke ukuphuma kukhawulelwe, futhi izimo zokuphendula ziphezulu, ngakho-ke izimo zokukhiqiza ziphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphakeme kakhulu, azilungele izinhlelo eziphezulu zokukhiqiza.
Indlela yesigaba esixubile ukuxuba ngokuqondile impahla efakiwe nge-graphite, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kokuhamba kwegesi i-inert noma uhlelo lokuvalwa kokushisa ukusabela. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Alkali Metal-Graphite Internambinar Compounds (GICS).
Izinzuzo: Inqubo yokuphendula ilula, ijubane lokuphendula liyashesha, ngokushintsha isilinganiso sezinto zokwenziwa kanye nokufakwa zingafinyelela esakhiweni esithile nokwakhiwa kwe-graphite enwetshiwe, efanelekile ukukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi.
Okubi: Umkhiqizo owenziwe awuzinzile, kunzima ukubhekana nento efakiwe yamahhala enamathiselwe ebusweni be-GICS, futhi kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwe-graphite interlamollar lapho inani elikhulu le-synthellar.
Indlela yokuncibilikisa ukuxuba igraphinti ngezinto zokuxhumana nokushisa ukuze ulungiselele i-graphicte enwebekayo ye-Graphic (ngaphansi kwendlela yokulungisa ye-eutecting yengxenye ngayinye) phakathi kwezendlalelo ze-graphite ngasikhathi sinye ama-chloride wensimbi - gics.
Izinzuzo: Umkhiqizo we-synthesis unokuzinza okuhle, okulula ukugeza, idivaysi elula yokuphendula, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, isikhathi esifushane, esifanele ukukhiqizwa okukhulu.
Okubi: Kunzima ukulawula ukwakheka kwe-oda nokwakheka komkhiqizo kwinqubo yokusabela, futhi kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwesakhiwo se-oda kanye nokwakhiwa komkhiqizo ngokuhlanganiswa okuningi.
Indlela ecindezelwe ukuxuba i-graphicte matrix nge-alkaline ndr Metal kanye ne-rare emhlabeni wensimbi yensimbi bese usabela ukukhiqiza i-M-GICS ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelwe.
Okubi: Kuphela lapho umfutho we-vapor wensimbi wedlula umkhawulo othile, ukusabela kokufaka kungenzeka kwenziwa; Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, kulula ukudala insimbi kanye ne-graphite ukwakha ama-carbides, ukusabela okungalungile, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa kufanele kusetshenziswe ekuhlelweni kwezinga lensimbi eliphakeme kakhulu, kepha idivaysi kufanele isetshenziswe futhi idivaysi liyinkimbinkimbi futhi akuvamile ukusetshenziswa manje.
Indlela yokuqhuma isebenzisa i-graphite ne-ejenti yokwanda okufana ne-kclo4, i-MG (Clo4) 2 · NH2O, i-NH2O PRINCASTION, ngaleyo ndlela yandiswa i-graphite ye- " Umkhiqizo uyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, engagcizeleli kuphela i-graphite, kodwa futhi nensimbi.
