Indlela ye-Chemical oxidation iyindlela yendabuko yokulungiselela igraphite enwebekayo. Kule ndlela, i-graphite ye-flake yemvelo ixubene ne-oxidant efanele kanye ne-ejenti ehlanganayo, elawulwa ezingeni lokushisa elithile, inyakaziswa njalo, futhi igezwe, ihlungwe futhi yomiswe ukuze kutholakale i-graphite enwebekayo. Indlela ye-Chemical oxidation isiphenduke indlela evuthiwe embonini enezinzuzo zemishini elula, ukusebenza okulula kanye nezindleko eziphansi.
Izinyathelo zenqubo ye-oxidation yamakhemikhali zihlanganisa i-oxidation kanye ne-intercalation.I-oxidation ye-graphite yisimo esiyisisekelo sokwakheka kwe-graphite enwebekayo, ngoba ukuthi ukusabela kwe-intercalation kungaqhubeka kahle kuncike ezingeni lokuvula phakathi kwezingqimba ze-graphite. i-chemical oxidation.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-oxidants, ama-oxidants asetshenziswa ngokuvamile angama-oxidants aqinile (njenge-potassium permanganate, i-potassium dichromate, i-chromium trioxide, i-potassium chlorate, njll.), futhi ingaba ezinye oxidants oxidizing liquid (njenge-hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, njll.). Kutholakala eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuthi i-potassium permanganate iyi-oxidant eyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-graphite enwebekayo.
Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-oxidizer, i-graphite i-oxidized futhi ama-macromolecules enethiwekhi angathathi hlangothi kungqimba lwe-graphite abe ama-macromolecule apulani ane-charge enhle. Ngenxa yomphumela onyanyekayo wokushaja okufanayo okuhle, ibanga phakathi kwezingqimba zegraphite liyakhula, okunikeza isiteshi nesikhala ukuze i-intercalator ingene ungqimba lwegraphite ngokushelela. Enqubweni yokulungiselela i-graphite enwebekayo, i-agent intercalating ikakhulukazi i-asidi. Eminyakeni yamuva, abacwaningi ikakhulukazi basebenzisa i-sulfuric acid, i-nitric acid, i-phosphoric acid, i-perchloric acid, i-acid exutshwe ne-glacial acetic acid.
Indlela ye-Electrochemical isendaweni yamanje, enesisombululo samanzi sokufaka njenge-electrolyte, i-graphite nezinto zensimbi (impahla yensimbi engagqwali, ipuleti leplatinum, ipuleti lomthofu, ipuleti le-titanium, njll.) yakha i-anode eyinhlanganisela, izinto zensimbi ezifakwe ku-electrolyte njenge-cathode, zakha iluphu evaliwe; Noma i-graphite imisiwe electrolyte, ku electrolyte ngesikhathi esifanayo efakwe ipuleti negative futhi positive, ngokusebenzisa electrode ezimbili kukhona amandla indlela, oxidation anodic. Ingaphezulu le-graphite lifakwe i-oxidized ku-carbocation. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlanganisiwe sokukhanga kwe-electrostatic kanye nokusabalalisa umehluko wokuhlushwa, ama-ion e-asidi noma amanye ama-ion we-polar intercalant ashunyekiwe phakathi kwezingqimba zegraphite ukuze kwakheke igraphite enwebekayo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela ye-chemical oxidation, indlela ye-electrochemical yokulungisa igraphite enwebekayo kuyo yonke inqubo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-oxidant, inani lokwelashwa likhulu, inani elisele lezinto ezigqwalayo lincane, i-electrolyte ingaphinda isetshenziswe ngemva kokusabela, inani le-asidi liyancishiswa, izindleko ziyasindiswa, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuyancipha futhi inwetshiwe yempilo yamuva nje, umonakalo wesevisi uyancipha. Indlela ye-electrochemical kancane kancane ibe yindlela ekhethwayo yokulungiselela igraphite enwebekayo ngamabhizinisi amaningi anezinzuzo eziningi.
Indlela yokusabalalisa kwesigaba segesi iwukukhiqiza i-graphite enwebekayo ngokuthintana ne-intercalator nge-graphite ngendlela yegesi kanye nokusabela kwe-intercalating.Ngokuvamile, i-graphite kanye nokufakwayo kufakwa emikhawulweni yomibili ye-reactor yengilazi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa, futhi i-vacuum iphonswa futhi ivalwe, ngakho-ke yaziwa nangokuthi indlela yamagumbi amabili ukuze i-EG ye-halikali isetshenziswe.
Izinzuzo: ukwakheka nokuhleleka kwe-reactor kungalawulwa, futhi ama-reactants nemikhiqizo kungahlukaniswa kalula.
Ukungalungi: idivayisi yokusabela iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukusebenza kunzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke okukhiphayo kunqunyelwe, futhi ukusabela okufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu, isikhathi eside, futhi izimo zokusabela ziphakeme kakhulu, imvelo yokulungiselela kufanele ibe ne-vacuum, ngakho-ke izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphakeme kakhulu, azifanele izicelo zokukhiqiza ezinkulu.
Indlela yesigaba se-liquid exubile iwukuxuba ngokuqondile izinto ezifakiwe negraphite, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kokuhamba kwegesi engasebenzi noma isistimu yokuvala ukusabela kokushisa ukuze kulungiswe igraphite enwebekayo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-alkali metal-graphite interlaminar compounds (GICs).
Izinzuzo: Inqubo yokusabela ilula, ijubane lokusabela liyashesha, ngokushintsha isilinganiso sezinto ezibonakalayo zegraphite kanye nokufaka kungafinyelela isakhiwo esithile kanye nokwakheka kwegraphite enwebekayo, efanelekile kakhulu ekukhiqizeni okuningi.
Ukungalungi: Umkhiqizo owenziwe awuzinzile, kunzima ukubhekana nempahla efakiwe yamahhala enamathiselwe ebusweni be-GICs, futhi kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwama-graphite interlamellar compounds lapho inani elikhulu le-synthesis.
Indlela yokuncibilika iwukuxuba i-graphite nezinto ezihlanganayo kanye nokushisa ukuze kulungiswe igraphite enwebekayo.Ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi izingxenye ze-eutectic zingehlisa indawo yokuncibilika yesistimu (ngezansi kwephuzu lokuncibilika lengxenye ngayinye), kuyindlela yokulungiswa kwe-ternary noma i-multicomponent GICs ngokufaka izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu (okumele zikwazi ukwenza ungqimba lwe-molten ngokulingisa usawoti). esetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-metal chlorides - GICs.
Izinzuzo: Umkhiqizo we-synthesis unokusimama okuhle, ukugeza kalula, idivayisi yokusabela elula, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokusabela, isikhathi esifushane, elifanele ukukhiqizwa okukhulu.
Ukungalungi: kunzima ukulawula ukwakheka kwe-oda nokwakheka komkhiqizo enqubweni yokusabela, futhi kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwesakhiwo se-oda kanye nokwakheka komkhiqizo ekuhlanganiseni okuningi.
Indlela ecindezelwe iwukuxuba i-graphite matrix nensimbi ye-alkaline yomhlaba kanye nempushana yensimbi yomhlaba engavamile futhi isabele ukukhiqiza i-M-GICS ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo.
Ukungalungi: Kuphela lapho umfutho we-vapor wensimbi udlula umkhawulo othile, ukusabela kokufaka kungenziwa; Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, kulula ukubangela ukuba insimbi ne-graphite yakhe i-carbides, ukusabela okungalungile, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lokusabela kufanele lilawulwe ebangeni elithile.Ukushisa kokufakwa kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile kuphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingcindezi kufanele ifakwe ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokushisa lokusabela.Le ndlela ifaneleka ekulungiseni i-metal-GICS enephuzu eliphansi lokuncibilika, kodwa idivayisi iyinkimbinkimbi futhi izidingo zokusebenza azivamile, ngakho-ke manje sezisetshenziswa ziqinile.
Indlela yokuqhuma ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-graphite ne-ejenti yokunweba efana ne-KClO4, Mg(ClO4)2·nH2O, Zn(NO3)2·nH2O pyropyros noma izingxube ezilungiselelwe, lapho ishiswa, i-graphite izoba kanyekanye i-oxidation kanye ne-intercalation reaction cambium compound, esuke isetshenziswa ngaleyo ndlela njenge-explosive ye-metal graphite. i-ejenti yokwandisa, umkhiqizo uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ongagcini nje ngokunweba i-graphite, kodwa futhi nensimbi.
