Kungani iphepha le-graphite liqhuba ugesi? Uyini umgomo?

Kungani iphepha le-graphite liqhuba ugesi?

Ngoba i-graphite iqukethe izindleko ezihamba mahhala, amacala ahamba ngokukhululeka ngemuva kokufakelwa ugesi ukwakha njengamanje, ngakho-ke kungaqhuba ugesi. Isizathu sangempela sokuthi kungani i-graphite iqhuba ugesi ama-athomu ama-6 carbon abelana ngama-elektroni ayi-6 ukwakha ibhondi enkulu ye-π66 enama-elektroni ayi-6 nezikhungo ezi-6. Endabeni yekhabhoni yesendlalelo esifanayo se-graphite, zonke izindandatho ezinama-6 zingama-6 zikha uhlelo lwe-Π-π-π-Π. Ngamanye amagama, endabeni yekhabhoni yesendlalelo esifanayo segrafu, wonke ama-athomu e-carbon akha ibhondi enkulu ye-π, futhi ama-elektroni amaningi kuleli π ngesibopho angageleza ngokukhululeka engxenyeni, okuyisizathu esenza ukuthi iphepha le-graphite lingaqhuma kagesi.

I-Graphite yisakhiwo se-lamellar, futhi kunama-elektroni amahhala angavunyelwa phakathi kwezendlalelo. Ngemuva kokufakelwa ugesi, bangahamba ngokuqondile. Cishe zonke izinto zokuziphatha ugesi, kumane nje kuyindaba yokulwa. Ukwakheka kwe-graphite kunquma ukuthi kunokumelana okuncane kakhulu phakathi kwezinto zekhabhoni.

Isimiso esivuthayo sephepha le-graphite:

I-Carbon yi-athomu le-tetravalent. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengama-athomu wensimbi, ama-elektroni angaphandle alahleka kalula. I-Carbon inama-elektroni angaphandle ambalwa. Kufana kakhulu nezinsimbi, ngakho-ke kunomsebenzi othile kagesi. , zizokwenziwa ama-elektroni nama-elektroni nama-holes ahambelana nawo. Kuhlanganiswe nama-elektroni angaphandle ukuthi i-carbon ingalahlekelwa kalula, ngaphansi kwesenzo somehluko ongaba khona, kuzoba nokunyakaza nokugcwalisa izimbobo. Dala ukugeleza kwama-elektroni. Lesi yisimiso se-semiconductors.