Umonakalo wemisebe yempuphu ye-graphite unomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kobuchwepheshe kanye nomnotho kwe-reactor, ikakhulukazi i-reactor epholile ngegesi esezingeni eliphezulu ebekwe eceleni. Indlela yokulinganisela i-neutron ukuhlakazeka kwe-neutron kanye nama-athomu ezinto ezilawulayo, futhi amandla athwalwa yiwo adluliselwa kuma-athomu ezinto ezilawulayo. Impuphu ye-graphite nayo iyisinqumo esithembisayo sezinto eziqondiswe ku-plasma ze-reactor ze-nuclear fusion. Abahleli abalandelayo abavela ku-Fu Ruite bethula ukusetshenziswa kwempuphu ye-graphite ezivivinyweni zenuzi:
Ngokwanda kwe-neutron fluence, i-graphite powder iqale inciphe, futhi ngemva kokufinyelela inani elincane, i-shrinkage iyancipha, ibuyele kusayizi wokuqala, bese ikhula ngokushesha. Ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo ama-neutron akhishwa yi-fission, kufanele ehliswe ijubane. Izakhiwo zokushisa ze-graphite powder zitholakala ngokuhlolwa kwemisebe, futhi izimo zokuhlolwa kwemisebe kufanele zifane nezimo zokusebenza zangempela ze-reactor. Esinye isinyathelo sokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-neutron ukusebenzisa izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya ukuze kuboniswe ama-neutron aphuma ku-nuclear fission reaction zone-core back. Indlela yokubonakaliswa kwe-neutron futhi ukuhlakazeka kwe-elastic kwama-neutron nama-athomu ezinto ezibonisa ukukhanya. Ukuze kulawulwe ukulahleka okubangelwa ukungcola kuze kube sezingeni elivunyelwe, i-graphite powder esetshenziswa ku-reactor kufanele ibe msulwa.
Impuphu ye-graphite yenyukliya iyigatsha lezinto zempuphu ye-graphite ezakhiwa ngokuphendula izidingo zokwakha ama-reactor e-fission enyukliya ekuqaleni kwawo-1940. Isetshenziswa njenge-moderator, reflection kanye nezinto zokwakha kuma-reactor okukhiqiza, ama-reactor apholile ngegesi kanye nama-reactor apholile ngegesi ashisa kakhulu. Amathuba okuthi i-neutron isabela ne-nucleus abizwa ngokuthi i-cross section, kanti i-thermal neutron (amandla aphakathi angu-0.025eV) fission section ye-U-235 iphakeme ngamamaki amabili kune-fission neutron (amandla aphakathi angu-2eV) fission section. I-elastic modulus, amandla kanye ne-linear expansion coefficient yempuphu ye-graphite iyanda ngokwanda kwe-neutron fluence, ifinyelela inani elikhulu, bese yehla ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1940, i-graphite powder kuphela eyayitholakala ngentengo engabizi eduze kwalokhu kuhlanzeka, yingakho yonke i-reactor kanye nama-reactor okukhiqiza alandelayo ayesebenzisa i-graphite powder njengento yokulinganisela, engenisa inkathi yenuzi.
Isihluthulelo sokwenza i-isotropic graphite powder ukusebenzisa izinhlayiya ze-coke ezine-isotropy enhle: i-isotropic coke noma i-macro-isotropic secondary coke eyenziwe nge-anisotropic coke, kanti ubuchwepheshe be-secondary coke buvame ukusetshenziswa njengamanje. Ubukhulu bomonakalo wemisebe buhlobene nezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-graphite powder, inqubo yokukhiqiza, i-neutron fluence esheshayo kanye ne-fluence rate, izinga lokushisa le-irradiation nezinye izinto. I-boron elingana ne-nuclear graphite powder iyadingeka ukuthi ibe cishe yi-10~6.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-18-2022