I-Flake igrafu isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumzi mveliso, ezivela kwiimpawu zayo ezisemgangathweni. Namhlanje, igrafu ye-susuite igraphia ye-Xiaobian iya kukuxelela izizathu zeempawu ezisemgangathweni ze-flake igrafu evela kwimiba yezinto ezenzelwe usapho kunye neekristali ezixubeneyo:
Okokuqala, iimpawu ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu zezinto zekhabhoni ezenzaI-flake igrafu.
I-1. Iipropathi zeekhemikhali zekhabholo ye-(yekhemikhali zizinzile kubushushu begumbi, kwaye ayinyibiliki emanzini, i-dilute acid, i-pilute alkali kunye nezinyibilikisi ze-alkali kunye ne-alkali.
2, Ukuphendula ngeoksijini kumaqondo obushushu ahlukileyo aphezulu ukuvelisa ikharbon diokside okanye ikharbon monoxide; E-Halogin, i-fluorine kuphela inokuthi iphendule ngokuthe ngqo nekhabhoni yezinto ezimbi;
3. Phantsi kokufudumeza, ikharbon yezinto ezizezeziseko inyanzeliswa yi-acid;
I-4. Kubushushu obuphezulu, ikharbon ikwazisa kwakhona ngeentsimbi ezininzi ukuvelisa iicarbides zensimbi;
5. Ikhabhoniiyachaphazeleka kwaye inokusetyenziselwa ukunuka iintsimbi kwiqondo lobushushu.
Okwesibini, iimpawu zeekristali ezixutywe ezidityanisiweyo ze-flake igrafu.
I-1. Kwigrasti ye-criteal, iiathom zekharbon kwi-quior efanayo ne-SP2 ukwenza i-sp2 ukwenza i-sp2 ukwenza i-sp2 ukwenza iibhondi ezinamachaphaza, kwaye i-Atom nganye iqhagamshelwe kwezinye ii-atom ezintathu ezinamaqhina amathathu. I-Atom ye-carbon ye-hexagonal yeyoyila kwindiza enye, isolula kwisakhiwo se-CC, apho ubude be-CC Bord yi-142pm, yeyokulunga komgangatho ofanayo, yikristali efanayo.
2. Iingqengqelo zekristali yomzobo zahlulwe yi-340pm, enomgama omkhulu, kwaye zidityaniswe nguVan Der, oko kukuthi, iikristali zezolectority. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yebhondi enamandla phakathi kweeatom zekhabhoni kwi-atom enye yezaseva, kunzima kakhulu ukutshabalalisa, ngoko ke inyibilikaigrafuiphakame kwaye iipropathi zayo zeekhemikhali ziyazinza.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: APR-20-2023