I-Flake graphite yiminerali enqabileyo engavuselelekiyo, esetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwanamhlanje kwaye sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sobuchule. I-European Union idwelise i-graphene, imveliso egqityiweyo yokucubungula i-graphite, njengeprojekthi entsha yetekhnoloji ephambili kwixesha elizayo, kwaye idwelise i-graphite njengenye yeentlobo ezili-14 zezixhobo zezimbiwa ezinqabileyo "zobomi nokufa". I-United States idwelisa izixhobo ze-flake graphite njengezinto eziphambili zezimbiwa kwimizi-mveliso yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Iindawo zokugcina i-graphite zaseTshayina zithatha i-70% yehlabathi, kwaye yeyona ndawo igcina i-graphite enkulu kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kwihlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxaki ezininzi kwinkqubo yemveliso, ezifana nenkunkuma yemigodi, izinga lokusetyenziswa eliphantsi kwezixhobo kunye nomonakalo omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukunqongophala kwezixhobo kunye neendleko zangaphandle zendalo azibonisi ixabiso lokwenyani. Ezi ngxaki zilandelayo zokwabelana ngabahleli be-graphite be-Furuite zibonakala kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
Okokuqala, irhafu yezixhobo kufuneka ilungiswe ngokukhawuleza. Izinga lerhafu eliphantsi: Irhafu yezixhobo zegrafiti yaseTshayina yi-3 yuan ngetoni, ekhaphukhaphu kakhulu kwaye ayibonisi ukunqongophala kwezixhobo kunye neendleko zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-rare earths ezinezimbiwa ezinqabileyo nezibalulekileyo ezifanayo, emva kokuguqulwa kwerhafu yezixhobo ze-rare earth, ayizozinto zerhafu kuphela ezidweliswe ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa nezinga lerhafu linyuswa ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezili-10. Ngokuthelekisa, izinga lerhafu yezixhobo zegrafiti eqhekekileyo liphantsi. Izinga lerhafu enye: imigaqo yangoku yexeshana kwirhafu yezixhobo inezinga lerhafu enye kwi-graphite ore, engahlulwanga ngokwenqanaba lomgangatho kunye nohlobo lwegrafiti, kwaye ayinakubonakalisa umsebenzi werhafu yezixhobo ekulawuleni ingeniso eyahlukileyo. Akunasayensi ukubala ngomthamo wentengiso: kubalwa ngomthamo wentengiso, kungekhona ngomlinganiselo wokwenyani weeminerali ezimbiweyo, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela imbuyekezo yomonakalo ongqongileyo, uphuhliso olunengqiqo lwezixhobo, iindleko zophuhliso kunye nokudinwa kwezixhobo.
Okwesibini, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kungxamisekile kakhulu. I-China yeyona mveliso inkulu kwihlabathi ye-natural flake graphite kwaye ibisoloko ingumthumeli omkhulu wemveliso yendalo ye-graphite. Ngokungafaniyo kakhulu nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-China kwezixhobo ze-flake graphite, amazwe aphuhlileyo, akhokela kubuchwepheshe beemveliso ze-graphite processing deep, asebenzisa icebo "lokuthenga endaweni yokumba" i-graphite yendalo kwaye avimba ubuchwepheshe. Njengemarike enkulu ye-graphite e-China, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-Japan kubiza i-32.6% yempahla iyonke e-China ethunyelwa ngaphandle, kwaye inxalenye ye-graphite ore engenisiweyo iyatshona elwandle; I-South Korea, kwelinye icala, yavala imigodi yayo ye-graphite kwaye yangenisa inani elikhulu leemveliso ngamaxabiso aphantsi; Umthamo wonyaka wokungeniswa kwe-United States ubiza malunga ne-10.5% yexabiso lilonke le-China ethunyelwa ngaphandle, kwaye izixhobo zayo ze-graphite zikhuselwe ngumthetho.
Okwesithathu, ukucubungula kukhulu kakhulu. Iimpawu zegrafiti zinxulumene kakhulu nobukhulu bezikali zayo. Ubungakanani obahlukeneyo begrafiti ye-flake buneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, iindlela zokucubungula kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa. Okwangoku, kukho ukunqongophala kophando kwitekhnoloji ye-graphite ore eneempawu ezahlukeneyo eTshayina, kwaye ukusasazwa kwezixhobo zegrafiti ezinezikali ezahlukeneyo akukaqinisekiswa, kwaye akukho ndlela yokucubungula enzulu ehambelanayo. Izinga lokubuyiselwa kokusetyenziswa kwegrafiti liphantsi, kwaye isivuno segrafiti enkulu ye-flake siphantsi. Iimpawu zezixhobo azicacanga, kwaye indlela yokucubungula inye. Ngenxa yoko, igrafiti enkulu ye-flake ayinakukhuselwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye igrafiti encinci ye-flake ayinakusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokucubungula, okubangela inkcitho enkulu yezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zobuchule.
Okwesine, umahluko wamaxabiso phakathi kokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle uyamangalisa. Uninzi lweemveliso zegraphite zendalo eziveliswa eTshayina zezona mveliso ziphambili ezicutshungulwayo, kwaye uphando nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweemveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu ngokucacileyo azikho. Umzekelo, thatha igraphite ecocekileyo kakhulu, amazwe angaphandle akhokela kwigraphite ecocekileyo kakhulu ngeenzuzo zawo zobuchwepheshe, kwaye athintela ilizwe lethu kwiimveliso zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zegraphite. Okwangoku, ubuchwepheshe begraphite ecocekileyo kakhulu yaseTshayina abunakufikelela kubunyulu be-99.95%, kwaye ubunyulu be-99.99% nangaphezulu bunokuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kwiimpahla ezingeniswayo. Ngo-2011, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo legraphite ye-natural flake eTshayina yayimalunga ne-4,000 yuan/ton, ngelixa ixabiso elingaphezulu kwe-99.99% elingeniswe kwigraphite ecocekileyo kakhulu lidlule kwi-200,000 yuan/ton, kwaye umahluko wamaxabiso wawumangalisa.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-27-2023