Habka oksaydheynta kiimikadu waa hab dhaqameed oo loogu talagalay diyaarinta garaafka la ballaarin karo. Habkan, graphite flake dabiiciga ah waxaa lagu qasi karaa oksidat ku habboon iyo wakiilka intercalating, lagu xakameeyo heerkulka gaar ah, si joogto ah walaaqay, iyo dhaqday, sifeeyo oo la qalajiyey si aad u hesho graphite la ballaarin karo. Habka oksaydhka kiimikadu wuxuu noqday hab bisil oo warshadaha leh faa'iidooyinka qalabka fudud, hawlgal ku habboon iyo kharash yar.
Tallaabooyinka geeddi-socodka ee oksaydhka kiimikada waxaa ka mid ah oksidation iyo intercalation.The oxidation ee graphite waa xaaladda aasaasiga ah ee formation of graphite ballaarin karo, sababtoo ah haddii falcelinta intercalation sii socon kartaa si habsami ku xiran tahay heerka furitaanka u dhexeeya layers graphite.And graphite dabiiciga ah heerkulka qolka uu leeyahay xasillooni aad u fiican iyo acid iyo alkali iska caabin ah, sidaas darteed ma falcelin la acid iyo alkali caabbinta lagama maarmaanka ah, sidaas darteed waxa ay leedahay oxidant qayb muhiim ah.
Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo oksaydhiyeyaasha, guud ahaan loo isticmaalo oksidants waa oksaydhiyeyaasha adag (sida potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, iwm), sidoo kale waxay noqon kartaa qaar ka mid ah oksidants dareere oxidizing (sida hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, iwm.). Waxaa la helay sanadihii ugu dambeeyay in potassium permanganate uu yahay oksaydhiyaha ugu weyn ee loo isticmaalo diyaarinta garaafka la ballaarin karo.
Marka la eego ficilka oksaydhiyaha, graphite waa oksaydhized iyo makromolecules shabakadda dhexdhexaadka ah ee lakabka garaafka waxay noqdaan macromolecules qorshaysan oo leh lacag togan. Sababtoo ah saameynta xun ee isla kharashka togan, masaafada u dhaxaysa lakabyada garaafka ayaa kor u kaca, taas oo bixisa kanaal iyo meel loogu talagalay intercalator si uu u galo lakabka graphite si habsami leh. Habka diyaarinta ee garaafyada la ballaarin karo, wakiilka isdhexgalka ayaa inta badan ah aashitada. Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay inta badan isticmaalaan sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, acid isku dhafan iyo glacial acetic acid.
Habka Electrochemical waa in joogto ah oo joogto ah, iyadoo xal aqueous ee gelista sida electrolyte ah, graphite iyo qalabka biraha ah (wax bir ahama, saxan platinum, saxan hogaanka, titanium saxan, iwm) ka kooban anode isku dhafan, qalabka biraha la geliyo electrolyte sida cathode, samaynta wareeg xiran; Ama graphite ku xayiran electrolyte, in electrolyte isku mar la geliyo saxan taban iyo togan, iyada oo labada electrodes yihiin habka tamar, oxidation anodic. Dusha sare ee garaafka ayaa oksaydhaysan oo kaarbocation ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, hoos ficil isku dhafan ee soo jiidashada electrostatic iyo fidinta kala duwanaansho fiirsashada, ion acid ama ion intercalant polar kale ayaa gundhig u dhexeeya lakabyada graphite si ay u sameeyaan graphite la ballaarin karo.
Marka la barbar dhigo habka oksaydhka kiimikada, habka korantada ee loogu talagalay diyaarinta graphite la fidin karo ee geeddi-socodka oo dhan iyada oo aan la isticmaalin oxidant, qadarka daawadu waa weyn yahay, qadarka haraaga ee walxaha daxalka waa yar yahay, electrolyte dib ayaa loo warshadeyn karaa ka dib falcelinta, qadarka acid waa la dhimay, kharashka waa la badbaadiyay, wasakhowga waa la dhimay, dhaawaca qalabku wuxuu noqday mid hooseeya, habka elektiroonigga ah ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhay sanadihii ugu dambeeyay. Habka la door biday diyaarinta graphite la ballaarin karo shirkado badan oo leh faa'iidooyin badan.
Habka faafinta gaaska-wejiga waa in la soo saaro graphite la ballaarin karo iyadoo la xiriirin intercalator la graphite in foomka gaseous iyo falcelinta intercalating.Generally, graphite iyo gelista waxaa la dhigayaa labada daraf ee reactor galaas kulaylka u adkaysta, iyo vacuum waa bamgareeyey oo shaabadeeyey, sidaas darteed waxa kale oo loo yaqaan habka laba-qol ah. Habkani waxa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in -synthesis biraha - EG haliize warshadaha.
Faa'iidooyinka: qaabka iyo nidaamka reactor-ka waa la xakameyn karaa, iyo fal-celinta iyo alaabta si fudud ayaa loo kala saari karaa.
Khasaaraha: qalabka falcelinta waa mid aad u adag, hawlgalku aad ayuu u adag yahay, sidaas darteed wax soo saarku waa xaddidan yahay, iyo falcelinta lagu fulinayo xaaladaha heerkulka sare, waqtigu waa dheer yahay, iyo xaaladaha falcelintu aad bay u sarreeyaan, deegaanka diyaarinta waa in uu ahaado mid faaruq ah, sidaas darteed kharashka wax soo saarka waa mid aad u sarreeya, oo aan ku haboonayn codsiyada wax soo saarka ballaaran.
Habka dareeraha isku dhafan ee isku dhafan waa in si toos ah loogu qaso walxaha la geliyo graphite, iyada oo la ilaalinayo dhaqdhaqaaqa gaaska aan shaqaynayn ama nidaamka daboolida falcelinta kuleylka si loogu diyaariyo garaafyada la ballaarin karo. Waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa isku-dhafka alkali birta-graphite interlaminar xeryahooda (GICs).
Faa'iidooyinka: Habka falcelinta waa mid fudud, xawaaraha falcelintu waa mid degdeg ah, iyadoo la beddelayo saamiga alaabta ceeriin ee garaafka iyo dhejisyada waxay gaari karaan qaab gaar ah iyo halabuurka garaafka la ballaarin karo, oo ku habboon wax soo saarka ballaaran.
Khasaaro: Badeecada la sameeyay waa mid aan xasilloonayn, way adagtahay in wax laga qabto walxaha bilaashka ah ee la geliyo ee ku xiran dusha sare ee GICs, wayna adagtahay in la hubiyo joogteynta xeryahooda graphite interlamellar marka tiro badan oo isku dhafan.
Habka dhalaaliddu waa in lagu qaso graphite oo leh walxaha isdhexgalka iyo kulaylka si loogu diyaariyo graphite la ballaarin karo. Iyada oo ku saleysan xaqiiqda ah in qaybaha eutectic ay hoos u dhigi karaan barta dhalaalka ee nidaamka (ka hooseeya barta dhalaalka ee qayb kasta), waa hab loogu talagalay diyaarinta ternary ama multicomponent GICs iyada oo la gelinayo laba ama in ka badan walxaha (taas oo ay tahay in ay awoodaan in ay sameeyaan isku-dhafka milixda ee habka isku-dhafka ah ee isku-dhafka guud ee isku-dhafka ah) chlorides - GICs.
Faa'iidooyinka: Alaabta isku dhafan waxay leedahay xasillooni wanaagsan, sahlan in la dhaqo, qalabka falcelinta fudud, heerkulka falcelinta hooseeya, waqti gaaban, oo ku habboon wax soo saarka ballaaran.
Khasaarooyinku: way adagtahay in la xakameeyo nidaamka nidaamka iyo ka kooban badeecada ee habka falcelinta, wayna adagtahay in la hubiyo joogteynta qaab dhismeedka nidaamka iyo halabuurka badeecada ee isku-dhafka ballaaran.
Habka la cadaadiyo waa in lagu qaso graphite matrix leh birta dhulka alkaline iyo budada birta dhifka ah ee dhulka iyo ka falcelinta si loo soo saaro M-GICS ee hoos yimaada xaaladaha cadaadiska.
Khasaaraha: Kaliya marka cadaadiska uumiga ee birta uu dhaafo xad gaar ah, falcelinta gelinta ayaa la samayn karaa; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerkulku aad buu u sarreeyaa, sahlan tahay in uu keeno birta iyo graphite si ay u sameeyaan carbide, falcelin taban, sidaas awgeed heerkulka falcelinta waa in lagu nidaamiyaa heerar gaar ah. Heerkulka gelinta ee biraha dhifka ah ee dhulka waa mid aad u sarreeya, sidaas darteed waa in cadaadis la saaraa si loo yareeyo heerkulka falcelinta. Habkani wuxuu ku habboon yahay diyaarinta birta-GICS oo leh dhibic dhalaalaysa hoose, laakiin qalabku waa adag yahay iyo shuruudaha hawlgalka ayaa loo isticmaalaa, hadda waa dhif.
Habka qarxinta guud ahaan waxay isticmaashaa garaafyada iyo wakiilka ballaarinta sida KClO4, Mg (ClO4) 2 · nH2O, Zn (NO3) 2 · nH2O pyropyros ama isku-darka la diyaariyey, marka la kululeeyo, graphite waxay isku mar isku mid noqon doontaa oxidation iyo falcelinta intercalation cambium compound, kaas oo markaa la ballaariyey, "Marka la helo walxaha qarxa" alaabtu waa kakan, taas oo aan ku koobnayn graphite oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale birta.
