Nzira yekuoxidation yemakemikari inzira yechinyakare yekugadzira graphite inowedzerwa. Munzira iyi, graphite yechisikigo inosanganiswa ne oxidant yakakodzera uye intercalating agent, inodzorwa patembiricha yakati, inogara ichikurunga, uye ichigezwa, ichisefa uye ichiomeswa kuti iwane graphite inowedzerwa. Nzira yekuoxidation yemakemikari yave nzira yakakura muindasitiri ine mabhenefiti emidziyo iri nyore, mashandiro ari nyore uye mutengo wakaderera.
Matanho ekuita oxidation yemakemikari anosanganisira oxidation uye intercalation. Oxidation yegraphite ndiyo mamiriro ekutanga ekuumbwa kwegrafiti inowedzerwa, nekuti kana intercalation reaction inogona kuenderera mberi zvakanaka zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekuvhurika pakati pegrafiti layers. Uye natural graphite patembiricha yemumba ine kugadzikana kwakanaka uye inodzivirira acid nealkali, saka haisangani neacid nealkali, saka, kuwedzerwa kweoxidant kwave chinhu chakakosha mukuoxidation yemakemikari.
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzezvinokonzera ma oxidants, zvinowanzo shandiswa, ma oxidants akasimba (akadai se potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, nezvimwewo), anogonawo kuva mamwe ma oxidants emvura anooxidating (akadai se hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, nezvimwewo). Mumakore achangopfuura zvakaonekwa kuti potassium permanganate ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira graphite inogona kuwedzerwa.
Pasi pesimba reoxidizer, graphite inooxidized uye macromolecules asina kusimba ari mu graphite layer anova macromolecules akarongwa ane positive charge. Nekuda kwemhedzisiro inodzongonyedza ye positive charge imwechete, daro riri pakati pe graphite layers rinowedzera, izvo zvinopa mugero nenzvimbo yekuti intercalator ipinde mu graphite layer zvakanaka. Mukugadzirira graphite inowedzerwa, intercalating agent inonyanya kuve acid. Mumakore achangopfuura, vaongorori vanoshandisa zvakanyanya sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, mixed acid uye glacial acetic acid.
Nzira ye electrochemical iri mu constant current, ine mvura inobuda mu insert sezvo electrolyte, graphite nezvinhu zvesimbi (stainless steel material, platinum plate, lead plate, titanium plate, nezvimwewo) zvinoumba composite anode, zvinhu zvesimbi zvinoiswa mu electrolyte se cathode, zvichiita closed loop; Kana graphite yakasungirirwa mu electrolyte, mu electrolyte panguva imwe chete inoiswa mu negative ne positive plate, kuburikidza nema electrodes maviri anowedzerwa simba, anodic oxidation. Pamusoro pe graphite inosanganiswa kuita carbonation. Panguva imwe chete, pasi pe combined action yekukwezvana kwe electrostatic uye concentration diffusion, acid ions kana mamwe polar intercalant ions akaiswa pakati pe graphite layers kuti agadzire expandable graphite.
Kana tichienzanisa nenzira yekuoxidation yemakemikari, nzira ye electrochemical yekugadzira graphite inowedzerwa mukuita kwese pasina kushandisa oxidant, huwandu hwekurapa hwakakura, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoparadza hushoma, electrolyte inogona kudzokororwa mushure mekuita, huwandu hweasidhi hunoderedzwa, mutengo unoponeswa, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kunoderedzwa, kukuvara kwemidziyo kwakaderera, uye hupenyu hwebasa hunowedzerwa. Mumakore achangopfuura, nzira ye electrochemical zvishoma nezvishoma yakava nzira inofarirwa yekugadzira graphite inowedzerwa nemabhizinesi mazhinji ane mabhenefiti akawanda.
Nzira yekupararira kwegasi ndeyekugadzira graphite inokura nekubata intercalator negraphite muchimiro chegasi uye intercalating reaction. Kazhinji, graphite neinsert zvinoiswa kumativi ese egirazi rinodzivirira kupisa, uye vacuum inopombwa uye yakavharwa, saka inozivikanwawo senzira yemakamuri maviri. Nzira iyi inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira halide -EG uye alkali metal -EG muindasitiri.
Zvakanakira: chimiro uye kurongeka kwereactor zvinogona kudzorwa, uye reactants nezvigadzirwa zvinogona kupatsanurwa zviri nyore.
Zvakashata: mudziyo wekuita zvinhu wakaoma, mashandiro acho akaoma, saka zvinobuda zvacho zvishoma, uye maitiro anofanira kuitwa mumamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya, nguva yacho yakareba, uye mamiriro ekuita zvinhu akakwira kwazvo, gadziriro yacho inofanira kunge isina vacuum, saka mutengo wekugadzira wakakwira, haukodzeri kushandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvikuru.
Nzira yechikamu chemvura chakasanganiswa ndeyekusanganisa zvakananga zvinhu zvakaiswa negraphite, pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwekufamba kwegasi risina simba kana sisitimu yekuvhara kuti pave nekupisa kunogadzirisa graphite inowedzerwa. Inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira alkali metal-graphite interlaminar compounds (GICs).
Zvakanakira: Maitiro ekuita ari nyore, kumhanya kwekuita kunokurumidza, nekuchinja chiyero chezvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvegraphite uye zvinoiswa zvinogona kusvika kune imwe chimiro uye musanganiswa wegraphite inowedzerwa, yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwehuwandu.
Zvakashata: Chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa hachina kugadzikana, zvakaoma kubata nechinhu chakasununguka chakaiswa chakabatana pamusoro peGICs, uye zvakaoma kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana kwemakemikari e graphite interlamellar kana paine huwandu hwakawanda hwekugadzira.
Nzira yekunyungudutsa ndeyekusanganisa graphite nezvinhu zvinobatanidza uye kupisa kugadzira graphite inowedzerwa. Zvichibva pakuti zvikamu zve eutectic zvinogona kuderedza nzvimbo yekunyungudutsa yesystem (pasi penzvimbo yekunyungudutsa yechikamu chimwe nechimwe), inzira yekugadzira maGIC matatu kana akawanda nekuisa zvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura (izvo zvinofanirwa kukwanisa kugadzira sisitimu yemunyu wakanyungudutswa) pakati pezvikamu zvegraphite panguva imwe chete. Inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira ma chloride esimbi - maGIC.
Zvakanakira: Chigadzirwa ichi chine kugadzikana kwakanaka, chiri nyore kugeza, chishandiso chekugadzirisa chiri nyore, tembiricha yakaderera yekuchinja, nguva pfupi, chakakodzera kugadzirwa kwakakura.
Zvakashata: zvakaoma kudzora marongerwo ehurongwa uye kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa panguva yekuita, uye zvakaoma kuona kuti marongerwo ehurongwa uye kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa zvinoenderana mukugadzirwa kwehuwandu.
Nzira yekumanikidzwa ndeyekusanganisa graphite matrix nealkaline earth metal nerare earth metal powder uye kuita kuti M-GICS ibudiswe pasi pemamiriro ekumanikidzwa.
Zvakashata: Kana kumanikidzwa kwesimbi kwapfuura mwero wakati, ndipo panogona kuitwa kupindira kwesimbi; Zvisinei, tembiricha yakanyanya, zviri nyore kukonzera simbi negrafiti kuumba makabhohaidhiretsi, kuita kwenegative, saka tembiricha yekupinda inofanira kudzorwa mune imwe nzvimbo. Tembiricha yekupinda yesimbi dzisina kugadzirwa yakakwira zvakanyanya, saka kumanikidzwa kunofanira kushandiswa kuderedza tembiricha yekupinda. Nzira iyi yakakodzera kugadzirira simbi-GICS ine poindi yakaderera yekunyunguduka, asi mudziyo wacho wakaoma uye zvinodiwa zvekushanda zvakaoma, saka hazviwanzo kushandiswa pari zvino.
Nzira yekuputika inowanzo shandisa graphite uye chinhu chinowedzera simba senge KClO4, Mg(ClO4)2·nH2O, Zn(NO3)2·nH2O pyropyros kana musanganiswa wakagadzirwa, kana yapiswa, graphite ichashandiswa panguva imwe chete kuita oxidation uye intercalation reaction cambium compound, iyo inozowedzerwa nenzira "inoputika", nokudaro ichiwana graphite yakawedzerwa. Kana munyu wesimbi ukashandiswa sechinhu chinowedzera simba, chigadzirwa chacho chakaoma, icho chisina kungowedzera simba chete, asiwo simbi.
