Kemikari oxidation nzira inzira yechinyakare yekugadzirira inowedzera girafu. Munzira iyi, natural flake graphite inosanganiswa neyakakodzera oxidant uye intercalating agent, inodzorwa pane imwe tembiricha, inogara ichibvongodzwa, uye yakashambidzwa, yakasefa uye yakaomeswa kuti iwane girafu inowedzerwa. Chemical oxidation nzira yave nzira yakakura muindasitiri ine zvakanakira zvekushandisa zviri nyore, kushanda kuri nyore uye mutengo wakaderera.
Maitiro ekuita matanho emakemikari oxidation anosanganisira oxidation uye intercalation.Iyo oxidation ye graphite ndiyo mamiriro ekutanga ekuumbwa kwegirafu inowedzerwa, nokuti kana iyo intercalation reaction inogona kuenderera mberi zvakanaka inobva pachiyero chekuvhura pakati pezvikamu zve graphite.Uye girafu yepanyama pakupisa kwekamuri ine kugadzikana kwakanyanya uye asidhi uye alkali kuramba, saka haiiti, naizvozvo haina kupindirana neoxidant yakakosha mu oxidant uye alkali inova yakakosha. makemikari oxidation.
Kune marudzi akawanda emaoxidants, anowanzo shandiswa maoxidants maoxidants akasimba (akadai sepotassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, nezvimwewo), anogona zvakare kuve mamwe oxidizing fluid oxidants (senge hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, nezvimwewo). Inowanikwa mumakore achangopfuura kuti potassium permanganate ndiyo huru oxidant inoshandiswa mukugadzirira kuwedzera graphite.
Pasi pechiito che oxidizer, graphite inoiswa oxidized uye iyo isina kwayakarerekera network macromolecules mu graphite layer inova planar macromolecules ine yakanaka charge. Nekuda kwezvinosemesa zvechaji imwechete yakanaka, chinhambwe chiri pakati pezvikamu zvegraphite chinowedzera, chinopa chiteshi uye nzvimbo kuti intercalator ipinde mu graphite layer zvakanaka. Mugadziriro yegadziriro yekuwedzera graphite, iyo intercalating agent inonyanya asidhi. Mumakore achangopfuura, vatsvakurudzi vanonyanya kushandisa sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, yakasanganiswa asidhi uye glacial acetic acid.
Electrochemical method iri mune inogara iripo, ine aqueous solution yekuisa se electrolyte, graphite uye simbi zvinhu (stainless steel material, platinum plate, lead plate, titanium plate, etc.) inoumba anode inosanganiswa, zvinhu zvesimbi zvinoiswa mu electrolyte se cathode, zvichiita chivharo chakavharwa; Kana kuti girafu rakaturikwa mu electrolyte, ari electrolyte panguva imwe chete akaisa mundiro yakaipa uye yakanaka, kubudikidza electrodes maviri vane simba nzira, anodic oxidation. Pamusoro pe graphite yakasvibiswa kune carbocation. Panguva imwecheteyo, pasi pechiito chakabatanidzwa che electrostatic kukwezva uye mutsauko wekusangana, asidhi ion kana imwe polar intercalant ions inoiswa pakati pemagirafu akaturikidzana kuti aite expandable graphite.
Kana ichienzaniswa neyemakemikari oxidation nzira, iyo electrochemical nzira yekugadzira inowedzerwa graphite mukuita kwese pasina kushandisa oxidant, huwandu hwekurapa hwakakura, huwandu hwasara hwezvinhu zvinoparadza hudiki, iyo electrolyte inogona kudzokororwa mushure mekuita, huwandu hweasidhi hunoderedzwa, mutengo unochengetwa, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuderera kwehupenyu hwesevhisi kuderedzwa. electrochemical nzira yave zvishoma nezvishoma yave nzira inosarudzika yekugadzirira inowedzera graphite nemabhizinesi mazhinji ane akawanda mabhenefiti.
Gas-phase diffusion method ndeyekugadzira girafu rinowedzera kuburikidza nekubata intercalator ne graphite mune gaseous fomu uye intercalating reaction.Kazhinji, girafu uye kuiswa kunoiswa kumativi ose maviri emagetsi asingagadziri kupisa girazi reactor, uye vacuum inoputirwa uye yakavharwa, saka inozivikanwawo seyo maviri-chamber nzira yeEG-halikali inoshandiswa.
Zvakanakira: chimiro uye kurongeka kweiyo reactor inogona kudzorwa, uye reactants uye zvigadzirwa zvinogona kupatsanurwa nyore.
Zvakaipa: mudziyo wekuita wakanyanya kuoma, kushanda kwacho kunonyanya kuoma, saka chinobuda chishoma, uye maitiro anofanirwa kuitwa pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwakanyanya, nguva yakareba, uye mamiriro ekuita akakwira zvakanyanya, nzvimbo yekugadzirira inofanirwa kunge isina vacuum, saka mutengo wekugadzira wakakwira, hauna kukodzera kugadzirwa kwakakura.
Iyo yakasanganiswa yemvura chikamu nzira ndeyekusanganisa zvakananga zvinhu zvakaiswa negraphite, pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwekufamba kweinert gasi kana yekuisa chisimbiso yekudziya maitiro kugadzirira inowedzera girafu. Inowanzoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwealkali metal-graphite interlaminar compounds (GICs).
Zvakanakira: Maitiro ekuita ari nyore, kumhanya kwekuita kunokurumidza, nekushandura reshiyo yegirafu zvigadzirwa uye kuisa zvinogona kusvika kune imwe chimiro uye kuumbwa kweanowedzera graphite, akakodzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda.
Kukanganisa: Chigadzirwa chakaumbwa hachina kugadzikana, zvakaoma kutarisana nemahara akaiswa chinhu chakasungirirwa pamusoro peGICs, uye zvakaoma kuvimbisa kuwirirana kwegraphite interlamellar compounds kana nhamba huru ye synthesis.
Nzira yekunyunguduka ndeyekusanganisa graphite ne intercalating zvinhu uye kupisa kugadzirira expandable graphite.Kubva pakuti eutectic zvikamu zvinogona kuderedza kunyunguduka kwegadziriro (pazasi pekunyungudika kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe), inzira yekugadzirira ternary kana multicomponent GICs nekuisa zvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura (izvo zvinofanirwa kunge zvichikwanisa kuumba salted munyu. inoshandiswa mukugadzirira kwesimbi chlorides - GICs.
Zvakanakira: Iyo synthesis chigadzirwa chine kugadzikana kwakanaka, nyore kugeza, nyore kuita chishandiso, yakaderera kuita tembiricha, nguva pfupi, yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwakakura.
Zvakaipa: zvakaoma kudzora kurongeka kwechimiro uye kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa mukuita maitiro, uye zvakaoma kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana kweiyo kurongeka kwechimiro uye kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa muhukuru synthesis.
Iyo yakamanikidzwa nzira ndeyekusanganisa graphite matrix nealkaline pasi simbi uye isingawanzo pasi simbi poda uye kuita kuti igadzire M-GICS pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemamiriro.
Kukanganisa: Chete kana mhute yekumanikidza yesimbi inodarika imwe chikumbaridzo, iyo yekuisa reaction inogona kuitwa; Zvisinei, tembiricha yakanyanyisa, zviri nyore kuita kuti simbi uye graphite iite carbides, negative reaction, saka tembiricha yekupindura inofanira kudzorwa mune imwe siyana.Kupisa kwekuiswa kwesimbi isingawanzo simbi yakanyanya, saka kudzvanywa kunofanira kushandiswa kuderedza kutonhora kwekuita.Iyi nzira yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwesimbi-GICS ine nzvimbo yakaderera yekunyungudika, asi mudziyo wakaoma uye zvinodiwa zvekushanda hazviwanzo shandiswa.
Inoputika nzira inowanzoshandisa graphite uye kuwedzera mumiririri akadai KClO4, Mg(ClO4)2 · nH2O, Zn(NO3)2 · nH2O pyropyros kana misanganiswa yakagadzirwa, kana ichipisa, graphite ichaita panguva imwe chete oxidation uye intercalation reaction cambium compound, iyo inobva yawedzerwa nenzira ye "simbi". kuwedzera mumiririri, chigadzirwa chacho chakanyanya kuoma, icho chisina kungowedzera graphite, asiwo simbi.
