Nezve kuwanikwa nekushandiswa kwe flake graphite, pane nyaya yakanyorwa zvakanaka, apo bhuku rinonzi Shuijing Zhu raive rekutanga, iro rakati "kune gomo re graphite padivi peRwizi rwaLuoshui". Matombo ese matema, saka mabhuku anogona kushoma, saka anozivikanwa ne graphite yawo." Zvakawanikwa mumatongo zvinoratidza kuti kare makore anopfuura 3,000 apfuura muShang Dynasty, China yakashandisa graphite kunyora mavara, ayo akagara kusvika pakupera kweEastern Han Dynasty (AD 220). Graphite se inki yemabhuku yakatsiviwa ne inki yefodya yepine. Munguva yeDaoguang yeQing Dynasty (AD 1821-1850), varimi muChenzhou, Hunan Province vaichera flake graphite semafuta, ayo ainzi "oil carbon".
Zita reChirungu rekuti Graphite rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti "graphite in", zvinoreva "kunyora". Rakatumidzwa zita iri nenyanzvi yemakemikari uye mineralologist wekuGermany AGWerner muna 1789.
Fomura yemamorekuru ye flake graphite iC uye huremu hwayo hwemamorekuru i12.01. Graphite yechisikigo isimbi nhema ne simbi grey, ine mitsetse mitema yakajeka, kupenya kwesimbi uye kupenya. Kristaro iyi ndeyeboka remakristaro akaomarara e hexagonal biconical, ayo ari makristaro e hexagonal plate. Mafomu akajairika e simplex anosanganisira parallel double-sided, hexagonal biconical uye hexagonal columns, asi chimiro chekristaro chisina kusimba hachiwanzoitiki, uye chinowanzova ne scaly kana plate-shaped. Parameters: a0=0.246nm, c0=0.670nm Chimiro chakajairika che layered, umo maatomu e carbon akarongwa mu layers, uye kabhoni yega yega yakabatana zvakaenzana nekabhoni iri pedyo, uye kabhoni iri mu layers yega yega yakarongwa mu hexagonal ring. Mhete dze hexagonal dzekabhoni dziri mu layers dziri pedyo nepamusoro nepazasi dzinoparadzaniswa munzira yakatarisana ne mesh plane uye dzozorongwa kuti dzigadzire chimiro chakaiswa layers. Nzira dzakasiyana uye daro rekutama zvinotungamira kune akasiyana ma structures e polymorphic. Daro riri pakati pemaatomu ekabhoni ari muzvikamu zvepamusoro nepazasi rakakura kupfuura riri pakati pemaatomu ekabhoni ari muzvikamu zvakafanana (CC spacing muzvikamu = 0.142nm, CC spacing pakati pezvikamu = 0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 specific gravity uye 5-10m2/g specific surface area. Hardness yacho i anisotropic, vertical cleavage plane i3-5, uye parallel cleavage plane i1-2. Aggregates dzinowanzova neganda, dzine mapundu uye dzine ivhu. Graphite flake ine electrical conductivity yakanaka uye inopisa. Ma mineral flakes anowanzova opaque pasi pechiedza chinotumirwa, ma flakes matete kwazvo akajeka girini-grey, uniaxial, ane refractive index ye1.93 ~ 2.07. Pasi pechiedza chinoratidzwa, anenge ari brown-grey yakajeka, ane obvious reflection multicolor, Ro grey nebrown, Re dark blue grey, reflectivity Ro23 (tsvuku), Re5.5 (tsvuku), obvious reflection color uye double reflection, strong heterogeneity uye polarization. Zvinhu zvinozivikanwa: simbi nhema, kuomarara kwakaderera, boka rekucheka kwakakwana, kuchinjika, kunzwa kunotsvedza, nyore kusvibisa maoko. Kana zvidimbu zvezinc zvakanyoroveswa nemushonga we copper sulfate zvikaiswa pa graphite, mavanga e copper esimbi anogona kukonzera kudonha, nepo molybdenite yakafanana nayo isina maitiro akadaro.
Graphite imhando yekabhoni ye elemental (mamwe ma allotropes anosanganisira dhaimani, kabhoni 60, kabhoni nanotubes uye graphene), uye muganhu weatomu yega yega yekabhoni wakabatana nemamwe maatomu matatu ekabhoni (mahexagon akawanda akarongwa muchimiro chehuchi) kuti aumbe mamorekuru e covalent. Sezvo atomu yega yega yekabhoni ichiburitsa elektroni, maerekitironi iwayo anogona kufamba akasununguka, saka flake graphite imuchina wemagetsi. Cleavage plane inotongwa nemamorekuru, ayo ane kukwezva kushoma kumamorekuru, saka kugona kwayo kutenderera kwakanaka kwazvo. Nekuda kwemaitiro ekubatanidza e flake graphite, hatigoni kufunga kuti flake graphite ikristaro imwe chete kana polycrystal. Iye zvino zvinowanzoonekwa kuti flake graphite imhando yekristaro yakasanganiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-04-2022