Uburyo bwo gukaraba imiti bukoreshwa mu gukaraba imiti ni uburyo gakondo bwo gutegura grafiti ishobora kwaguka. Muri ubu buryo, grafiti karemano ivangwa n'ikintu gikwiye gikaraba imiti n'ibindi bikoreshwa mu gukaraba imiti, ikagenzurwa ku bushyuhe runaka, igahora ivangwa, ikagezwa, igashungurwa kandi ikanumishwa kugira ngo haboneke grafiti ishobora kwaguka. Uburyo bwo gukaraba imiti bukoreshwa mu gukaraba imiti bumaze kuba uburyo bugezweho mu nganda bufite ibyiza byoroshye, gukoresha neza no kugabanuka kw'ibiciro.
Intambwe zo gukora okiside y’ibinyabutabire zirimo okiside n’ihuza. Okiside ya grafiti ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho graphite ishobora kwaguka, kuko niba intercalation reaction ishobora gukomeza neza biterwa n’urwego rw’aho graphite ifunguye. Kandi grafiti karemano ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba ifite ubushobozi bwo kudahinduka no kurwanya aside na alkali, bityo ntigira aside na alkali, bityo, kongeramo okiside byabaye ingenzi mu okiside y’ibinyabutabire.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa ogisijeni, ogisijeni zikoreshwa muri rusange ni ogisijeni zikomeye (nka permanganate ya potasiyumu, dikromete ya potasiyumu, chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, nibindi), zishobora no kuba ogisijeni zimwe na zimwe zikora ogisijeni (nka peroxide ya hydrogen, aside nitrike, nibindi). Mu myaka ya vuba aha byagaragaye ko permanganate ya potasiyumu ari yo ogisijeni nyamukuru ikoreshwa mu gutegura grafiti ishobora kwaguka.
Mu gihe cy’imikorere ya oxidizer, grafiti irahinduka oxidized maze macromolecules z’urusobe rw’amakuru ziri mu gice cya grafiti zigahinduka macromolecules zifite charge nziza. Bitewe n’ingaruka mbi z’ifaranga rimwe, intera iri hagati y’igice cya grafiti iriyongera, ibi bigatanga umuyoboro n’umwanya kugira ngo intercalator yinjire mu gice cya grafiti neza. Mu gutegura grafiti ishobora kwaguka, intercalating agent ahanini ni aside. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, abashakashatsi bakoresha cyane cyane aside sulfuriki, aside nitrike, aside fosforiki, aside perchloric, aside ivanze na aside glacial acetic.
Uburyo bwa electrochemical buri mu muyoboro uhoraho, hamwe n'umuti w'amazi wo mu gice cy'amazi kuko electrolyte, grafiti n'ibikoresho by'icyuma (ibikoresho by'icyuma kidafunze, platine, plate y'icyuma, plate ya titanium, nibindi) bigize anode ivanze, ibikoresho by'icyuma byinjizwa muri electrolyte nka cathode, bigakora umuyoboro ufunze; Cyangwa grafiti ihagaze muri electrolyte, muri electrolyte icyarimwe yinjizwa muri plate negative na positive, binyuze muri electrodes ebyiri harimo uburyo bwo gushyushya, anodize. Ubuso bwa grafiti buhinduka oxidation muri karbocation. Muri icyo gihe, munsi y'ibikorwa bihuriweho byo gukurura electrostatic no gukwirakwiza itandukaniro ry'ibipimo, iyoni za aside cyangwa izindi iyoni za polar intercalant zishyirwa hagati y'ibice bya grafiti kugira ngo habeho grafiti ishobora kwaguka.
Ugereranyije n'uburyo bwo gusiga imyuka y'ibinyabutabire, uburyo bwo gutunganya grafiti ishobora kwaguka mu buryo bwose nta ogisijeni ikoreshejwe, ingano yo kuyitunganya ni nini, ingano y'ibintu byangiza isigaye ni nto, electrolyte ishobora kongera gukoreshwa nyuma yo kuyikora, ingano ya aside iragabanuka, ikiguzi kirazigamwa, umwanda w'ibidukikije uragabanuka, ibyangiritse ku bikoresho ni bike, kandi igihe cyo kuyikoresha kirakongerwa. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, uburyo bwo gutunganya grafiti bugenda buhinduka uburyo bwiza bwo gutegura grafiti ishobora kwaguka n'ibigo byinshi bifite inyungu nyinshi.
Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gazi mu cyiciro cya gazi ni ugukora grafiti ishobora kwaguka binyuze mu guhuza intercalator na grafiti mu buryo bwa gaze no guhuza reaction. Muri rusange, grafiti n'igice bishyirwa ku mpera zombi za reactor y'ibirahure idashyuha, kandi vacuum irapomperwa kandi igafungwa, bityo izwi kandi nk'uburyo bw'ibyumba bibiri. Ubu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukora halide -EG na alkali metal -EG mu nganda.
Ibyiza: imiterere n'uburyo icyuma gitera imbaraga gishobora kugenzurwa, kandi ibitera imbaraga n'ibicuruzwa bishobora gutandukana byoroshye.
Ingaruka mbi: igikoresho cyo gukora ibizamini kirushaho kuba ingorabahizi, imikorere irushaho kugorana, bityo umusaruro uba muke, kandi ibizamini bigomba gukorwa mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, igihe ni kirekire, kandi imiterere y'ibizamini ni myinshi cyane, ahantu ho gutegura hagomba kuba hatari umwuka, bityo ikiguzi cyo gukora kikaba kiri hejuru, ntikibereye ibikorwa binini byo gukora.
Uburyo bwo kuvanga amazi avanze ni ukuvanga ibintu byinjijwemo na grafiti, birinzwe n’uburyo bwo kugenda kwa gaze idakora cyangwa uburyo bwo gufunga kugira ngo hategurwe grafiti ishobora kwaguka. Ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora imvange y’ibinyabutabire bya alkali metal-graphite interlaminar (GICs).
Ibyiza: Uburyo bwo gukora inyigo ni bworoshye, umuvuduko w'inyigo ni wo wihuta, iyo uhinduye igipimo cy'ibikoresho fatizo bya grafiti n'ibiyinjizwamo bishobora kugera ku miterere n'imiterere runaka ya grafiti ishobora kwaguka, ikaba ikwiriye cyane mu gukora ibintu byinshi.
Ingaruka mbi: Umusaruro wakozwe ntuhindagurika, biragoye guhangana n'ikintu cyinjijwemo gifatanye n'ubuso bwa GIC, kandi biragoye kwemeza ko imiterere y'ibinyabutabire bya grafiti ihuza imiterere iyo hakozwe umubare munini w'ibinyabutabire.
Uburyo bwo gushonga ni ukuvanga grafiti n'ibikoresho bihuza hamwe n'ubushyuhe kugira ngo hategurwe grafiti ishobora kwaguka. Hashingiwe ku kuba ibice bya eutectic bishobora kugabanya urugero rw'ishonga ry'urusobe rw ...
Ibyiza: Igikoresho cyo gukora ibintu gifite ubushobozi bwo guhagarara neza, cyoroshye gukaraba, igikoresho cyoroshye cyo gukora ibintu, ubushyuhe buke bwo gukora ibintu, igihe gito, kibereye gukorwa ku bwinshi.
Ingaruka mbi: biragoye kugenzura imiterere n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwo kubikemura, kandi biragoye kwemeza ko imiterere n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwo kubivanga mu buryo bufatika bihoraho.
Uburyo bukoreshwa mu gushyushya ni ukuvanga grafiti matrix na alkaline earth metal na rare earth metal powder hanyuma bigatanga M-GICS mu gihe cy'igitutu.
Ingaruka mbi: Iyo umuvuduko w'umwuka w'icyuma urenze urugero runaka, igisubizo cyo gushyiramo gishobora gukorwa; Ariko, ubushyuhe ni bwinshi cyane, byoroshye gutuma icyuma na grafiti bikora karubide, igisubizo kibi, bityo ubushyuhe bw'icyo gikorwa bugomba kugenzurwa mu rugero runaka. Ubushyuhe bwo gushyiramo ibyuma bya rare earth ni bwinshi cyane, bityo umuvuduko ugomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe bw'icyo gikorwa. Ubu buryo burakwiriye mu gutegura metal-GICS ifite aho ishongesha hato, ariko igikoresho kiragoye kandi ibisabwa mu gukora ni bikomeye, bityo ubu ntabwo gikoreshwa gake cyane.
Uburyo bwo guturika muri rusange bukoresha grafiti n'ibikoresho byo kwagura nka KClO4, Mg(ClO4)2·nH2O, Zn(NO3)2·nH2O pyropyros cyangwa uruvange rwateguwe, iyo bishyushye, grafiti ikora oxidation na intercalation reaction cambium compound icyarimwe, hanyuma yongerwa mu buryo "bwo guturika", bityo ikabona grafiti yagutse. Iyo umunyu w'icyuma ukoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho byo kwagura, umusaruro uba ugoye cyane, udafite grafiti yagutse gusa, ahubwo unafite icyuma.
