Uburyo bwa okiside ya chimique nuburyo gakondo bwo gutegura grafite yaguka. Muri ubu buryo, grake ya flake isanzwe ivangwa na okiside ikwiye kandi ikomatanya, igenzurwa nubushyuhe runaka, igahora ikangurwa, ikamesa, ikayungurura kandi yumishijwe kugirango ibone grafite yagutse. Uburyo bwa okiside ya chimique bwahindutse uburyo bukuze mubikorwa byinganda hamwe nibyiza byibikoresho byoroshye, imikorere yoroshye nigiciro gito.
Intambwe yuburyo bwa okiside ya chimique harimo okiside na intercalation. Okiside ya grafite nicyo kintu cyibanze kugirango habeho gukora grafite yagutse, kubera ko niba reaction ya intercalation ishobora kugenda neza biterwa nurwego rwo gufungura hagati ya grafite.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa okiside, muri rusange okiside ikoreshwa ni okiside ikomeye (nka potasiyumu permanganate, potasiyumu dichromate, chromium trioxide, potasiyumu chlorate, nibindi), irashobora kandi kuba oxyde oxydeide (nka hydrogen peroxide, aside nitric, nibindi). Usanga mu myaka yashize ko potasiyumu permanganate ari yo okiside nyamukuru ikoreshwa mugutegura grafite yaguka.
Mubikorwa bya oxydeize, grafite irahinduka okiside kandi urusobe rutabogamye rwa macromolecules murwego rwa grafite ruhinduka planar macromolecules hamwe nubushakashatsi bwiza. Bitewe n'ingaruka zanga zamafaranga amwe amwe, intera iri hagati ya grafite igaragara, itanga umuyoboro n'umwanya wa intercalator kugirango yinjire muri grafite neza. Muburyo bwo gutegura grafite yaguka, agent intercalating ni acide. Mu myaka yashize, abashakashatsi bakoresha cyane aside aside, aside nitric, aside fosifori, aside perchlorike, aside ivanze na acide glacial acetic.
Uburyo bwa electrochemicique buri mumashanyarazi ahoraho, hamwe numuti wamazi winjizamo nka electrolyte, grafite nibikoresho byuma (ibikoresho byuma bidafite umwanda, plaque platine, plaque ya plaque, plaque titanium, nibindi) bigize anode igizwe, ibikoresho byuma byinjijwe muri electrolyte nka cathode, bikora umuzingo ufunze; Cyangwa igishushanyo cyahagaritswe muri electrolyte, muri electrolyte icyarimwe cyinjijwe mumasahani mabi kandi meza, binyuze muri electrode ebyiri nuburyo bwingufu, okiside ya anodic. Ubuso bwa grafite ni okiside kuri karbokasi. Muri icyo gihe, munsi yibikorwa byahujwe no gukurura electrostatike no gutandukanya itandukaniro ryikwirakwizwa, ion ya acide cyangwa izindi polar intercalant ion zashyizwe hagati ya grafite kugirango ikore grafite yagutse.
Ugereranije nuburyo bwa okiside ya chimique, uburyo bwa electrochemicique yo gutegura grafite yagutse mugikorwa cyose udakoresheje okiside, amafaranga yo kuvura ni menshi, umubare usigaye wibintu byangirika ni muto, electrolyte irashobora gutunganywa nyuma yo kubyitwaramo, ingano ya acide iragabanuka, uburyo bwo guhitamo ibidukikije buragabanuka, uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho buragabanuka, kandi uburyo bwa serivisi bwaragabanutse, kandi uburyo bwa serivisi bwaragabanutse, kwagura igishushanyo mbonera cyibigo byinshi bifite ibyiza byinshi.
Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gazi-fase ni ugukora grafite yaguka muguhuza intercalator hamwe na grafite muburyo bwa gaze na reaction hagati ya rusange. Muri rusange, grafite hamwe ninjizamo bishyirwa kumpande zombi za reaction ya kirahure idashobora gushyuha, kandi vacuum irapompa ikanashyirwaho kashe, kuburyo bizwi kandi nkuburyo bwa chambre -EG.
Ibyiza: imiterere na gahunda ya reaction irashobora kugenzurwa, kandi reaction nibicuruzwa birashobora gutandukana byoroshye.
Ibibi: igikoresho cyo kubyitwaramo kiraruhije, imikorere iragoye, bityo ibisohoka ni bike, kandi reaction igomba gukorwa mugihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru, igihe ni kirekire, kandi nuburyo bwo kubyitwaramo buri hejuru cyane, ibidukikije byateguwe bigomba kuba ari icyuho, bityo igiciro cyumusaruro kikaba kinini, ntabwo gikwiranye nogukoresha umusaruro munini.
Uburyo buvanze bwamazi ni ukuvanga mu buryo butaziguye ibikoresho byinjijwe na grafite, mu rwego rwo kurinda umuvuduko wa gaze ya inert cyangwa sisitemu yo gufunga ubushyuhe bwo gutegura ubushyuhe bwagutse. Bikunze gukoreshwa muguhuza ibyuma bya alkali-grafite interlaminar (GICs).
Ibyiza: Igikorwa cyo kubyitwaramo kiroroshye, umuvuduko wibisubizo birihuta, muguhindura igipimo cyibikoresho fatizo bya grafite hamwe ninjizamo bishobora kugera kumurongo runaka hamwe nibigize imiterere yagutse ya grafite, bikwiranye nibikorwa byinshi.
Ibibi: Igicuruzwa cyakozwe ntigihungabana, biragoye guhangana nibintu byinjijwe byubusa bifatanye nubuso bwa GIC, kandi biragoye kwemeza guhuza ibice bya grafite interlamellar mugihe umubare munini wa synthesis.
Uburyo bwo gushonga ni ukuvanga grafite hamwe nubushuhe buringaniye hamwe nubushyuhe kugirango utegure igishushanyo cyagutse.Bishingiye ku kuba ibice bya eutectic bishobora kugabanya aho gushonga kwa sisitemu (munsi yo gushonga kwa buri kintu), ni uburyo bwo gutegura GICs ya ternary cyangwa ibintu byinshi byinjizwamo ibintu bibiri cyangwa byinshi (byateganijwe gushobora gushiramo icyuma cya elegitoronike). GICs.
Ibyiza: Igicuruzwa cya synthesis gifite ituze ryiza, cyoroshye gukaraba, igikoresho cyoroshye cyo gukora, ubushyuhe buke, igihe gito, kibereye umusaruro munini.
Ibibi: biragoye kugenzura imiterere yuburyo hamwe nibigize ibicuruzwa muburyo bwo kubyitwaramo, kandi biragoye kwemeza ko imiterere yimiterere hamwe nibigize ibicuruzwa muri synthesis.
Uburyo bwotswa igitutu nukuvanga matrike ya grafite hamwe nicyuma cya alkaline yisi nifu yifu yubutaka idasanzwe hanyuma ukabyara umusaruro M-GICS mubihe bigoye.
Ibibi: Gusa iyo umuvuduko wumuyaga wicyuma urenze urwego runaka, reaction yo gushiramo irashobora gukorwa; Nyamara, ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, byoroshye gutera ibyuma na grafite gukora karbide, reaction mbi, bityo ubushyuhe bwa reaction bugomba kugengwa murwego runaka.Ubushyuhe bwo kwinjiza ibyuma bidasanzwe byubutaka buri hejuru cyane, bityo rero hagomba gukoreshwa igitutu kugirango ubushyuhe bugabanuke. Ubu buryo bukwiranye nogutegura ibyuma-GICS bifite aho bishonga, ariko rero ibikoresho birakoreshwa cyane, birakenewe rero, birakenewe cyane.
Uburyo buturika muri rusange bukoresha ibishushanyo mbonera no kwagura nka KClO4, Mg (ClO4) 2 · nH2O, Zn (NO3) 2 · nH2O pyropyros cyangwa imvange byateguwe, iyo bishyushye, grafite izahita itera okiside hamwe na intercalation reaction ya cambium ikomatanya, bityo ikaguka kwinshi kwinshi, bityo kwaguka kwinshi kwicyuma. igishushanyo, ariko nanone icyuma.
