Graphite y'urubura ni amabuye y'agaciro adakunze kuvugururwa, akoreshwa cyane mu nganda za none kandi ni umutungo w'ingenzi mu ngamba. Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi washyize graphene, umusaruro warangiye wo gutunganya graphite, nk'umushinga mushya w'ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kizaza, kandi washyize graphite mu bwoko 14 bw'umutungo w'amabuye y'agaciro ubura "ubuzima n'urupfu". Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zishyira graphite y'urubura nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'amabuye y'agaciro ku nganda zikora ikoranabuhanga rihanitse. Ibigega bya graphite mu Bushinwa bingana na 70% by'isi, kandi ni byo bigega bya graphite byinshi kandi byohereza hanze ku isi. Ariko, hari ibibazo byinshi mu mikorere y'umusaruro, nko gucukura imyanda, gukoresha umutungo muke no kwangiza ibidukikije bikomeye. Ibura ry'umutungo n'ikiguzi cy'ibidukikije hanze ntibigaragaza agaciro nyako. Ibibazo bikurikira byo gusangira bya Furuite graphite editors bigaragarira cyane cyane muri ibi bikurikira:
Ubwa mbere, umusoro ku mutungo ugomba guhindurwa byihutirwa. Igipimo cy'umusoro kiri hasi: Umusoro ku mutungo wa grafiti mu Bushinwa ubu ni yuan 3 kuri toni, ukaba woroshye cyane kandi ntugaragaza ubuke bw'umutungo n'ikiguzi cyo hanze cy'ibidukikije. Ugereranije n'ubutaka budasanzwe bufite ubuke bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'akamaro nk'ako, nyuma y'ivugurura ry'umusoro ku mutungo udasanzwe, si ibintu by'umusoro gusa byashyizwe ku rutonde ukwarwo, ahubwo n'igipimo cy'umusoro cyongerwaho inshuro zirenga 10. Mu buryo bugereranije, igipimo cy'umusoro ku mutungo wa grafiti iri hasi. Igipimo cy'umusoro umwe: amabwiriza y'agateganyo ariho ku musoro ku mutungo afite igipimo kimwe cy'umusoro ku mabuye ya grafiti, adatandukanijwe hakurikijwe urwego rw'ubwiza n'ubwoko bwa grafiti, kandi ntashobora kugaragaza imikorere y'umusoro ku mutungo mu kugena inyungu zitandukanye. Ntabwo ari siyansi kubara ukurikije ingano y'ibicuruzwa: bibarwa hakurikijwe ingano y'ibicuruzwa, ntabwo bibarwa hakurikijwe ingano nyayo y'amabuye y'agaciro acukurwa, hatitawe ku ndishyi ku byangiritse ku bidukikije, iterambere ryumvikana ry'umutungo, ikiguzi cy'iterambere n'ibura ry'umutungo.
Icya kabiri, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ni ibintu bidasanzwe. Ubushinwa ni bwo bukora grafiti nini ku isi kandi bwagiye butwara ibicuruzwa bya grafiti karemano ku bwinshi. Bitandukanye cyane n'uko Ubushinwa bukoresha cyane umutungo kamere wa grafiti, ibihugu byateye imbere, biri ku isonga mu ikoranabuhanga rya grafiti, bishyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo "kugura aho gucukura" grafiti karemano kandi bikabuza ikoranabuhanga. Nk'isoko rinini rya grafiti mu Bushinwa, ibicuruzwa by'Ubuyapani byinjiza 32.6% by'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byose by'Ubushinwa, kandi igice cy'amabuye y'agaciro ya grafiti yinjizwaga mu mahanga kigwa mu nyanja; Koreya y'Epfo, ku rundi ruhande, yafunze ibirombe byayo bya grafiti kandi yinjiza ibicuruzwa byinshi ku giciro gito; Umubare w'ibicuruzwa by'umwaka bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ugera kuri 10.5% by'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byose by'Ubushinwa, kandi umutungo wayo wa grafiti urinzwe n'amategeko.
Icya gatatu, uburyo bwo gutunganya ni bwinshi cyane. Imiterere ya grafiti ifitanye isano rya hafi n'ingano y'ibipimo byayo. Ingano zitandukanye za grafiti y'ibice bifite imikoreshereze itandukanye, uburyo bwo gutunganya n'amasoko yo kuyikoresha. Kuri ubu, hari ubushakashatsi buke ku ikoranabuhanga rya grafiti rifite imiterere itandukanye mu Bushinwa, kandi ikwirakwizwa ry'umutungo wa grafiti ufite imiterere itandukanye ntiriramenyekana, kandi nta buryo bwo gutunganya bwimbitse bujyanye nabyo. Igipimo cyo kugarura ubwiza bwa grafiti ni gito, kandi umusaruro wa grafiti nini y'ibice ni muto. Imiterere y'umutungo ntabwo isobanutse neza, kandi uburyo bwo kuwutunganya ni bumwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, grafiti nini y'ibice ishobora kurindwa neza kandi grafiti nto y'ibice ishobora gukoreshwa neza mu gihe cyo kuwutunganya, bigatuma habaho gusesagura gukomeye k'umutungo w'ingenzi.
Icya kane, itandukaniro ry'ibiciro hagati y'ibitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga riratangaje. Ibyinshi mu bicuruzwa bya grafiti karemano bikorerwa mu Bushinwa ni byo bitunganywa cyane, kandi ubushakashatsi n'iterambere n'umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini biragaragara ko bibura. Fata urugero rwa grafiti karemano, ibihugu by'amahanga bifata iya mbere muri grafiti karemano kubera ibyiza byabyo by'ikoranabuhanga, kandi bikabuza igihugu cyacu mu bicuruzwa bifite ikoranabuhanga rihanitse rya grafiti. Kuri ubu, ikoranabuhanga rya grafiti karemano mu Bushinwa rishobora kugera ku buziranenge bwa 99.95%, kandi ubuziranenge bwa 99.99% cyangwa burenze bushobora gushingira gusa ku bitumizwa mu mahanga. Mu 2011, igiciro mpuzandengo cya grafiti karemano mu Bushinwa cyari hafi 4.000 yuan/toni, mu gihe igiciro kirenga 99.99% cyatumijwe muri grafiti karemano cyarenze 200.000 yuan/toni, kandi itandukaniro ry'ibiciro ryari ritangaje.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-27-2023