Ku bijyanye no kuvumburwa no gukoresha ibishushanyo mbonera, habaho urubanza rwanditse neza, igihe igitabo cyanditse cyanditse Zhu ni cyo cya mbere, kivuga ko "hari umusozi upfira uruziga rwa Luoshui". Urutare rwose ni umukara, bityo ibitabo birashobora kuba bike, kugirango bamenyekane kubishushanyo byabo. "Ibikorwa bya kera byerekana ko hashize imyaka irenga 3.000 mu myaka irenga 3000 muri Shang Dynasty yo mu burasirazuba (AD 1821-1850). Igishushanyo cya Daogetu, intara ya Hugon nka lisansi, yitwaga "karubone ya peteroli".
Izina ryicyongereza ryigishushanyo kiva mu ijambo ry'Ikigereki "Grahraite muri", risobanura "kwandika". Yiswe Umunyamisiri n'Umukobwa w'imvugo mu 1789.
Imiterere ya molekale ya flake igishushanyo ni c nuburemere bwayo bwa moleclar ni 12.01. Igishushanyo gisanzwe ni icyuma cyumukara nicyuma cyijimye, hamwe numurongo wirabura wirabura, ishyamba ryamashure na opecity. Crystal ni iy'ishuri rya kristu ya bucogonal, ariho isahani ya hexagonal. Impapuro zisanzwe zoroshye zirimo kubangikanye kabiri, amagare ya hexagonal na hexagonal, ariko ifishi idahwitse ni gake cyangwa muri rusange. Ibipimo: A0 = 0.246NM, C0 = 0.670nm imiterere isanzwe yubaha Imana, kandi buri karubone karahujwe na karubone yegeranye, kandi karubone iri muri buri gice gitunganijwe mu mpeta ya hexegonal. Impeta ya hexagonal ya karubone mumwanya wo hejuru kandi wo hepfo wimuwe mu cyerekezo ugereranije nindege ya mesh hanyuma utondekanya kugirango akore imiterere yumviye. Icyerekezo nuburyo butandukanye bwo kwimura kiganisha ku nzego zitandukanye za Polymorphic. Intera iri hagati ya atome ya karubone mubice byo hejuru no hepfo nini cyane kuruta uko hagati ya atome ya karubone muri strices (0.142NM hagati = 0.340NM). 2.09-2.23 Imbaraga zikomeye na 5-10m2 / g yihariye. Gukomera ni anisotropique, indege ya clearcage ihagaritse ni 3-5, hamwe nindege ya cleavage ibangikanye ni 1-2. Igiteranyo ni ikigicucu, kijimye kandi cyisi. Igishushanyo cyerekana gifite amashanyarazi meza numutima. Flakes ya mabuye ya minisiteri muri rusange yanduza urumuri, Flakes nyinshi cyane ni icyatsi kibisi-imvi, uniaxial, hamwe na 1.93 ~ 2.07. Munsi yumucyo ugaragara, ni umutuku-imvi, hamwe nibitekerezo bigaragara mubyinshi, ro Icyatsi hamwe nijimye ryijimye, RE5), REMS), Ibara ryerekana ibara no gutekereza cyane no guhindaho. IBIKURIKIRA: Icyuma kirabura, gukomera guke, itsinda ryibyatsi bikabije, guhinduka, kumva, kunyerera, byoroshye kuranga amaboko. Niba ibipimo bya zinc byifashe neza igisubizo cya sulfate gishyirwa kubishushanyo, ibibara byumuringa byumuringa birashobora gucikamo, mugihe Molybden bisa nacyo nta reaction nkiyi reaction.
Igishushanyo nigikoresho cya karubone gisanzwe (abandi bamugaye harimo diyama, karuboni 60, karubone Kubera ko buri carbon atom asohora electron, izo electron irashobora kugenda mu bwisanzure, bityo rero igishushanyo mbonera ni umuyobozi wamashanyarazi. Indege ya Cleavage yiganjemo ingwate za molekile, zifite intege nke kuri molekile, kuburyo kurererwa kwacyo nibyiza cyane. Kubera uburyo bwihariye bwo guhuza amahunga, ntidushobora gutekereza ko flake igishushanyo ni kimwe cya kirimbe cyangwa polycrystal. Noneho muri rusange hafatwa ko guhagarika umutima nubwoko bivanze.
Igihe cyohereza: Nov-04-2022