Chemica oxidatio modum est traditum modum ad parat expandable Graphite. In modum naturalis Flake graphite mixta congrua oxidant et intercalating agente, ad quandam temperatus, semper commovit, lotis, percolantur et aridam obtinere expandable Graphite. Chemica oxidatio modum habet facti relative perfectum modum in industria cum commoda simplex apparatu, convenient operationem et humilis sumptus.
The process steps of chemical oxidation include oxidation and intercalation.The oxidation of graphite is the basic condition for the formation of expandable graphite, because whether the intercalation reaction can proceed smoothly depends on the degree of opening between the graphite layers.And natural graphite at room temperature has excellent stability and acid and alkali resistance, so it does not react with acid and alkali, therefore, the addition of oxidant facta est opus clavem component in eget oxidatio.
Sunt multa genera oxidants, plerumque usus oxidants sunt solidum oxidants (ut potassium permanganate, kalium dichromate, Chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, etc.), potest etiam quodam oxidizing, nitric acidum, etc.). Est in annis, quod potassium permanganate est pelagus oxidant in parat expandable Graphite.
Sub actione oxidizer, graphite est oxidized et neutrum network Macromolecule in graphite layer facti Planromolecule cum positivum crimen. Ob reprobatione effectus eiusdem positivum crimen distantiam inter graphite laminis crescit, quae providet alveo et spatio pro intercalator intrare graphite layer aequaliter. In praeparatio processus expandable Graphite, intercalating agens est maxime acidum. In annis, inquisitores maxime usus sulphuric acidum, nitric acidum, phosphoric acidum, purgatoris acidum, mixta acidum et glacial acetic acidum.
Electrochemical modum est in constant current, cum aqueum solutio inserere ut electrolytici, graphite et metallum materiae (Aliquam ferro materia, platinum laminam, ducunt in cathode, metallum materiae inserted in electrolyte, formatam materiae inserta in electrolyte, formatam, in electrolyte, formatam materiae inserta in electrolyte, formatam materiae inserta in electrolyte, formatam materiae inserta in electrolyte, formatam materiae inserta in electrolyte, formatam, clauditur loop Aut graphite suspenditur in electrolytici, in electrolyte simul in negative et positivum laminam, per duos electrodes energizing modum, anodic oxidatio. Superficies graphite est oxidized ad carbocation. Simul sub coniuncta actionem electrostatic attractionis et concentration diffusio diffusio, acid ions vel Suspendisse intercalant iones embedded inter graphite layers ad formam expandable Graphite.
Compared with the chemical oxidation method, the electrochemical method for the preparation of expansable graphite in the whole process without the use of oxidant, the treatment amount is large, the residual amount of corrosive substances is small, the electrolyte can be recycled after the reaction, the amount of acid is reduced, the cost is saved, the environmental pollution is reduced, the damage to the equipment is low, and the service life is extended.In Recent annos, electroChemical methodo paulatim facti sunt malle modum parabat expandable Graphite multis conatibus cum multis commoda.
In Gas-tempus diffusio modus est ad producendum expandable Graseous per contingentes in intercalator cum GASEUS forma et intercalatos reaction.Generally, in graphite et inserta sunt, ita etiam in thaernishize halide -Eg et alkali metallo -EG in industria.
Utilibus: et ordine ad reactor potest regi et reactants et products potest esse facile separari.
Disadvantages: the reaction device is more complex, the operation is more difficult, so the output is limited, and the reaction to be carried out under high temperature conditions, the time is longer, and the reaction conditions are very high, the preparation environment must be vacuum, so the production cost is relatively high, not suitable for large-scale production applications.
In mixta liquida tempus est ad directe miscere inserta materiam cum graphite, sub tutela mobilitatis inerti Gas vel signa ratio ad calefacit reactionem ad parare expandable Graphite. Hoc est communiter ad synthesis Alkali metallum, graphite interlaminar componit (GICS).
Commoda: quod reactionem processum est simplex, reactionem celeritas est ieiunium, per mutantur ratio graphite rudis materiae et inserit potest pervenire quadam structuram et compositionem productio.
Incommoda: et formatae productum est inconstans est difficile ad agere cum liberi inserta substantia attachiatus ad superficiem GLIC, et difficile est ut consistency of Graphite interlamellar componit cum numerus synthesis.
Et liquefactio modus est miscere graphite cum intercalating materia et calor ad parare expandable Graphite.based in eo quod Eutican components potest inferior et liqueponing punctum de systematis ad parasceven saxa est in parasceve et in paralle De Metal Chlorides - Gics.
Commoda: et synthesis productum habet bona stabilitatem, facile ad lava, simplex reactionem fabrica, humilis reactionem temperatus, brevi, idoneam magnam scale productio.
Incommoda: Est difficile ad control ordine structuram et compositionem ex productum in reactionem processus, et difficile est ut consistency ordinem compages et compositionem ex productum in Missam synthesis.
In pressurized modum est miscere Graphite vulvam cum alkaline terra metallum et rara terra metallum pulveris et agere ad producendum m, gics sub pressurized conditionibus.
Incommoda, nisi cum vapor pressura metallum excedit quodam limine, insertio reactionem potest ferri; However, the temperature is too high, easy to cause metal and graphite to form carbides, negative reaction, so the reaction temperature must be regulated in a certain range.The insertion temperature of rare earth metals is very high, so pressure must be applied to reduce the reaction temperature.This method is suitable for the preparation of metal-GICS with low melting point, but the device is complicated and the operation requirements are strict, so it is rarely used now.
Explosive method generally uses graphite and expansion agent such as KClO4, Mg(ClO4)2·nH2O, Zn(NO3)2·nH2O pyropyros or mixtures prepared, when it is heated, graphite will simultaneously oxidation and intercalation reaction cambium compound, which is then expanded in an "explosive" way, thus getting expanded graphite.When metal salt is used as Expansion agente, quod productum est magis universa, quae non solum expansa graphite sed etiam metallum.
