Raws li qhov kev tshawb pom thiab kev siv cov flake graphite, muaj ib rooj plaub zoo sau tseg, thaum phau ntawv Shuijing Zhu yog thawj phau ntawv, uas tau hais tias "muaj lub roob graphite nyob ib sab ntawm tus dej Luoshui". Cov pob zeb yog dub tag nrho, yog li cov phau ntawv tuaj yeem tsis tshua muaj, yog li lawv nto moo rau lawv cov graphite. "Cov kev tshawb pom archaeological qhia tau tias thaum ntxov li ntau tshaj 3,000 xyoo dhau los hauv Shang Dynasty, Tuam Tshoj siv graphite los sau cov cim, uas kav ntev txog thaum kawg ntawm Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 220). Graphite ua cov ntawv sau tau hloov los ntawm cov ntawv luam yeeb ntoo thuv. Thaum lub sijhawm Daoguang ntawm Qing Dynasty (AD 1821-1850), cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv Chenzhou, Hunan Xeev tau khawb cov flake graphite ua roj, uas hu ua "roj carbon".
Lub npe lus Askiv ntawm Graphite los ntawm Greek lo lus "graphite hauv", uas txhais tau tias "sau". Nws tau muab lub npe los ntawm German chemist thiab mineralogist AGWerner hauv xyoo 1789.
Cov mis molecular ntawm flake graphite yog C thiab nws qhov hnyav molecular yog 12.01. Cov graphite ntuj yog hlau dub thiab hlau grey, nrog cov kab dub ci, cov xim hlau ci thiab opacity. Cov siv lead ua ke rau hauv chav kawm ntawm cov siv lead ua hexagonal biconical nyuaj, uas yog cov siv lead ua phaj hexagonal. Cov qauv simplex feem ntau suav nrog ob sab sib luag, hexagonal biconical thiab hexagonal kem, tab sis cov qauv siv lead ua tsis tau zoo yog tsawg, thiab nws feem ntau yog scaly lossis phaj-puab. Cov kev ntsuas: a0 = 0.246nm, c0 = 0.670nm Ib qho qauv txheej txheem, uas cov pa roj carbon atoms tau teeb tsa hauv cov txheej txheem, thiab txhua cov pa roj carbon sib npaug zos nrog cov pa roj carbon sib ze, thiab cov pa roj carbon hauv txhua txheej tau teeb tsa hauv lub nplhaib hexagonal. Cov nplhaib hexagonal ntawm cov pa roj carbon hauv cov txheej sab saud thiab qis sib ze tau hloov pauv hauv kev coj ua sib luag rau lub dav hlau mesh thiab tom qab ntawd sib sau ua ke los tsim cov qauv txheej txheem. Cov kev taw qhia sib txawv thiab qhov deb ntawm kev hloov pauv ua rau cov qauv polymorphic sib txawv. Qhov nrug ntawm cov pa roj carbon hauv cov txheej sab saud thiab sab qis dua yog loj dua li ntawm cov pa roj carbon hauv tib txheej (CC spacing hauv cov txheej = 0.142nm, CC spacing ntawm cov txheej = 0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 lub zog tshwj xeeb thiab 5-10m2/g thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Qhov nyuaj yog anisotropic, lub dav hlau ntsug cleavage yog 3-5, thiab lub dav hlau sib luag cleavage yog 1-2. Cov pob zeb feem ntau yog scaly, lumpy thiab earthy. Graphite flake muaj hluav taws xob zoo thiab thermal conductivity. Cov mineral flakes feem ntau yog opaque nyob rau hauv lub teeb kis, cov flakes nyias heev yog lub teeb ntsuab-grey, uniaxial, nrog rau refractive index ntawm 1.93 ~ 2.07. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb reflected, lawv yog lub teeb xim av-grey, nrog pom tseeb reflection multicolor, Ro grey nrog xim av, Re tsaus xiav grey, reflectivity Ro23 (liab), Re5.5 (liab), pom tseeb reflection xim thiab ob chav reflection, muaj zog heterogeneity thiab polarization. Cov yam ntxwv txheeb xyuas: hlau dub, tsis tshua muaj zog, ib pawg ntawm qhov sib cais zoo meej, yooj ywm, nplua nplua, yooj yim rau tes pleev xim. Yog tias cov zinc me me uas ntub los ntawm cov kua tooj liab sulfate raug muab tso rau ntawm graphite, cov xim tooj liab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo, thaum molybdenite zoo ib yam li nws tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no.
Graphite yog ib qho allotrope ntawm cov pa roj carbon elemental (lwm cov allotropes suav nrog pob zeb diamond, carbon 60, carbon nanotubes thiab graphene), thiab qhov chaw ntawm txhua lub atom carbon txuas nrog peb lwm cov carbon atoms (ntau lub hexagons teeb tsa hauv lub honeycomb zoo li) los tsim cov molecules covalent. Txij li thaum txhua lub atom carbon emits ib lub electron, cov electrons ntawd tuaj yeem txav mus los tau yooj yim, yog li flake graphite yog tus neeg coj hluav taws xob. Cleavage dav hlau yog dominated los ntawm molecular bonds, uas muaj qhov tsis muaj zog rau cov molecules, yog li nws qhov floatability ntuj yog qhov zoo heev. Vim yog hom kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb ntawm flake graphite, peb tsis tuaj yeem xav tias flake graphite yog ib qho siv lead ua ke lossis polycrystal. Tam sim no nws feem ntau suav hais tias flake graphite yog ib hom siv lead ua ke.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-04-2022