No ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka graphite flake, aia kahi hihia i hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia, i ka wā i lilo ai ka puke ʻo Shuijing Zhu i puke mua, kahi i ʻōlelo ai "aia kahi mauna graphite ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai ʻo Luoshui". He ʻeleʻele nā pōhaku a pau, no laila hiki ke kakaikahi nā puke, no laila ua kaulana lākou no kā lākou graphite. ” Hōʻike nā ʻike archaeological i ka wā ma mua o 3,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei i ka Shang Dynasty, ua hoʻohana ʻo Kina i ka graphite e kākau i nā huapalapala, a mau a hiki i ka hopena o ka Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 220). Ua pani ʻia ka graphite ma ke ʻano he ʻīnika puke e ka ʻīnika paka paina. I ka wā Daoguang o ka Qing Dynasty (AD 1821-1850), ua eli nā mahiʻai ma Chenzhou, Hunan Province i ka graphite flake ma ke ʻano he wahie, i kapa ʻia ʻo "carbon aila".
Ua puka mai ka inoa Pelekānia o Graphite mai ka huaʻōlelo Helene "graphite in", ʻo ia hoʻi "e kākau". Ua kapa ʻia e ka chemist Kelemania a me ka mineralogist ʻo AGWerner i ka makahiki 1789.
ʻO ke ʻano molekala o ka graphite flake ʻo C a ʻo kona kaumaha molekala he 12.01. He ʻeleʻele hao a he hina kila ka graphite kūlohelohe, me nā kaha ʻeleʻele ʻālohilohi, ka luster metala a me ka opacity. No ka papa o nā kristal biconical hexagonal paʻakikī ke kristal, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kristal papa hexagonal. ʻO nā ʻano simplex maʻamau e komo pū me nā kolamu ʻelua ʻaoʻao like, hexagonal biconical a me hexagonal, akā he kakaikahi ke ʻano kristal i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a he ʻano unahi a i ʻole ke ʻano papa. Nā palena: a0=0.246nm, c0=0.670nm He ʻano papa maʻamau, kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai nā ʻātoma kalapona i nā papa, a ua pili like kēlā me kēia kalapona me ke kalapona e pili ana, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kalapona i kēlā me kēia papa i loko o ke apo hexagonal. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā apo hexagonal o ke kalapona ma nā papa e pili ana ma luna a me lalo i ke kuhikuhi e like me ka mokulele mesh a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hana i kahi ʻano papa. ʻO nā kuhikuhi like ʻole a me nā mamao o ka neʻe ʻana e alakaʻi i nā ʻano polymorphic like ʻole. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻātoma kalapona ma nā papa o luna a me lalo ma mua o ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻātoma kalapona ma ka papa like (CC spacing ma nā papa =0.142nm, CC spacing ma waena o nā papa =0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 ke kaumaha kikoʻī a me 5-10m2/g ka ʻili kikoʻī. He anisotropic ka paʻakikī, ʻo ka mokulele ʻoki kū pololei he 3-5, a ʻo ka mokulele ʻoki like he 1-2. He unahi pinepine nā Aggregates, pumpy a me ka lepo. Loaʻa i ka ʻōpala graphite ka conductivity uila a me ka thermal. ʻO ka maʻamau, he opaque nā ʻōpala mineral ma lalo o ka mālamalama i hoʻouna ʻia, ʻo nā ʻōpala lahilahi loa he ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā-hina, uniaxial, me ka helu refractive o 1.93 ~ 2.07. Ma lalo o ka mālamalama i hoʻohuli ʻia, he ʻeleʻele māmā-hina lākou, me ka ʻike maopopo multicolor, Ro hina me ka brown, Re hina uliuli ʻeleʻele, reflectivity Ro23 (ʻulaʻula), Re5.5 (ʻulaʻula), ʻike maopopo kala a me ka noʻonoʻo pālua, heterogeneity ikaika a me ka polarization. Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike: ʻeleʻele hao, paʻakikī haʻahaʻa, kahi hui o ka ʻokiʻoki kūpono loa, maʻalahi, manaʻo pahee, maʻalahi ke hoʻoluʻu i nā lima. Inā kau ʻia nā ʻāpana zinc i hoʻomaʻū ʻia e ka hopena keleawe sulfate ma luna o ka graphite, hiki ke hoʻopūʻihuʻi ʻia nā kiko keleawe metala, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe hopena like o ka molybdenite e like me ia.
ʻO ka Graphite kahi allotrope o ke kalapona elemental (ʻo nā allotropes ʻē aʻe e komo pū me ke daimana, ke kalapona 60, nā nanotubes kalapona a me ka graphene), a ua hoʻopili ʻia ka periphery o kēlā me kēia ʻātoma kalapona me ʻekolu mau ʻātoma kalapona ʻē aʻe (he nui o nā hexagons i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ke ʻano meli) e hana i nā molekala covalent. ʻOiai ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻātoma kalapona e hoʻopuka i kahi electron, hiki i kēlā mau electrons ke neʻe manuahi, no laila he alakaʻi uila ka flake graphite. Hoʻomalu ʻia ka mokulele cleavage e nā pilina molekala, nona ka huki nāwaliwali i nā molekala, no laila maikaʻi loa kona floatability kūlohelohe. Ma muli o ke ʻano hoʻopaʻa kūikawā o ka flake graphite, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo he kristal hoʻokahi a polycrystal paha ka flake graphite. I kēia manawa ua manaʻo nui ʻia he ʻano kristal i hui ʻia ka flake graphite.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-04-2022