Hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka hanya ce ta gargajiya don shirya graphite mai faɗaɗawa. A cikin wannan hanya, halitta flake graphite yana gauraye da dace oxidant da intercalating wakili, sarrafawa a wani zazzabi, kullum zuga, da kuma wanke, tace da kuma bushe don samun expandable graphite. Hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka ta zama hanyar da ta fi girma a cikin masana'antu tare da fa'idodin kayan aiki mai sauƙi, aiki mai dacewa da ƙananan farashi.
A tsari matakai na sinadaran hadawan abu da iskar shaka hada hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma intercalation.The hadawan abu da iskar shaka na graphite ne ainihin yanayin da samuwar expandable graphite, domin ko intercalation dauki iya ci gaba smoothly dogara a kan mataki na bude tsakanin graphite layers.And halitta graphite a dakin zafin jiki yana da kyau kwarai kwanciyar hankali da acid da alkaline juriya, don haka shi ba ya amsa tare da acid, da kuma alkali juriya, saboda haka ya zama dole ga acid da kuma alkali oxidation bangaren.
Akwai nau'ikan oxidants da yawa, gabaɗaya ana amfani da oxidants masu ƙarfi ne (kamar potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, da sauransu), kuma na iya zama wasu oxidants na ruwa (kamar hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, da sauransu). An samo shi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan cewa potassium permanganate shine babban oxidant da ake amfani dashi wajen shirya graphite mai fadadawa.
Ƙarƙashin aikin oxidizer, graphite yana oxidized kuma tsaka-tsakin macromolecules na cibiyar sadarwa a cikin Layer graphite ya zama macromolecules na tsari tare da ingantaccen caji. Sakamakon sakamako mai banƙyama na cajin mai kyau ɗaya, nisa tsakanin yadudduka na graphite yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke ba da tashoshi da sarari don intercalator don shigar da layin graphite a hankali. A cikin shirye-shiryen tsari na graphite mai faɗaɗawa, wakili mai tsaka-tsaki shine galibi acid. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu bincike sun fi amfani da sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, gauraye acid da glacial acetic acid.
Electrochemical Hanyar ne a cikin wani m halin yanzu, tare da ruwa mai ruwa bayani na saka a matsayin electrolyte, graphite da karfe kayan (bakin karfe abu, platinum farantin, gubar farantin, titanium farantin, da dai sauransu.) kunshi wani hadadden anode, karfe kayan saka a cikin electrolyte kamar yadda cathode, forming rufaffiyar madauki; Ko graphite dakatar a cikin electrolyte, a cikin electrolyte a lokaci guda saka a cikin korau da kuma tabbatacce farantin, ta hanyar da biyu electrodes ne kuzari hanya, anodic oxidation. A saman graphite ne oxidized zuwa carbocation. A lokaci guda, a ƙarƙashin aikin haɗin kai na jan hankali na electrostatic da bambance-bambancen maida hankali, ions acid ko wasu ions intercalant na iyakacin duniya an haɗa su tsakanin yadudduka na graphite don ƙirƙirar graphite mai faɗaɗa.
Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka, da electrochemical Hanyar domin shirye-shiryen na expansable graphite a cikin dukan tsari ba tare da yin amfani da oxidant, da magani adadin ne babba, da saura adadin latsa abubuwa ne kananan, da electrolyte za a iya sake yin fa'ida bayan da dauki, da adadin acid rage, da kudin da aka ceci, da gurbacewar da aka rage, da lalacewa ga kayan aiki da aka rage a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da wutar lantarki da aka kara lalacewa da kayan aiki a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Hanyar da aka fi so don shirya graphite mai fa'ida ta kamfanoni da yawa tare da fa'idodi da yawa.
The gas-lokaci yadawa hanya ne don samar da expandable graphite ta tuntuɓar intercalator da graphite a gaseous tsari da intercalating reaction.Generally, da graphite da kuma saka ana sanya a duka iyakar zafi-resistant gilashin reactor, da injin da aka pumped da shãfe haske, don haka shi ne kuma aka sani da biyu-jaki hanya.
Abũbuwan amfãni: tsarin da tsari na reactor za a iya sarrafawa, da kuma reactants da samfurori za a iya sauƙi rabu.
Rashin hasara: na'urar amsawa ya fi rikitarwa, aikin yana da wuyar gaske, don haka fitarwa yana iyakance, da kuma amsawar da za a yi a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi, lokaci ya fi tsayi, kuma yanayin halayen yana da girma sosai, yanayin shirye-shiryen dole ne ya zama maras amfani, don haka farashin samarwa ya kasance mai girma, bai dace da aikace-aikacen samar da manyan sikelin ba.
Hanyar lokaci mai gauraya ruwa ita ce haɗa kayan da aka saka kai tsaye tare da graphite, ƙarƙashin kariyar motsin iskar gas ko tsarin rufewa don amsawar dumama don shirya graphite mai faɗaɗawa. An fi amfani da shi don haɗin alkali karfe-graphite interlaminar mahadi (GICs).
Abũbuwan amfãni: A dauki tsari ne mai sauki, da dauki gudun ne sauri, ta hanyar canza rabo na graphite albarkatun kasa da abun da ake sakawa iya isa wani tsari da abun da ke ciki na expandable graphite, mafi dace da taro samar.
Rashin hasara: Samfurin da aka kafa ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, yana da wuya a magance abin da aka saka kyauta wanda aka haɗe zuwa saman GICs, kuma yana da wuya a tabbatar da daidaito na graphite interlamellar mahadi lokacin da yawan adadin kira.
Hanyar narkewa shine don haɗawa da graphite tare da kayan haɓakawa da zafi don shirya graphite mai faɗaɗa.Based akan gaskiyar cewa abubuwan eutectic na iya saukar da yanayin narkewa na tsarin (a ƙasa da yanayin narkewa na kowane ɓangaren), hanya ce don shirye-shiryen ternary ko multicomponent GICs ta hanyar saka abubuwa biyu ko fiye (waɗanda dole ne su sami damar samar da tsarin molten ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin ƙarfe na yau da kullun). chlorides - GICs.
Abũbuwan amfãni: Samfurin haɗin gwiwar yana da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, mai sauƙin wankewa, na'urar amsawa mai sauƙi, ƙananan zafin jiki, ɗan gajeren lokaci, dace da samar da manyan sikelin.
Rashin hasara: yana da wuya a sarrafa tsarin tsari da abun da ke cikin samfurin a cikin tsarin amsawa, kuma yana da wuya a tabbatar da daidaito na tsarin tsari da abun da ke cikin samfurin a cikin taro mai yawa.
Hanyar da aka matsa ita ce haxa matrix graphite tare da ƙarfe na ƙasa na alkaline da ƙarancin ƙarfe na ƙasa da kuma yin amsa don samar da M-GICS a ƙarƙashin yanayin matsa lamba.
Hasara: Sai kawai lokacin da tururi matsa lamba na karfe ya wuce wani kofa, da shigar da dauki za a iya za'ayi; Duk da haka, yawan zafin jiki yana da yawa, mai sauƙi don haifar da karfe da graphite don samar da carbides, mummunan amsawa, don haka dole ne a daidaita yanayin zafin jiki a cikin wani nau'i mai mahimmanci.The saka zafin jiki na ƙananan ƙarfe na ƙasa yana da girma sosai, don haka dole ne a yi amfani da matsa lamba don rage yawan zafin jiki.Wannan hanya ta dace da shirye-shiryen karfe-GICS tare da ƙananan narkewa, amma na'urar yana da rikitarwa kuma ana amfani da buƙatun aiki, yanzu yana da wuya.
Fashe hanya kullum yana amfani da graphite da kuma fadada wakili kamar KClO4, Mg (ClO4) 2 · nH2O, Zn (NO3) 2 · nH2O pyropyros ko gaurayawan shirya, a lõkacin da aka mai tsanani, graphite zai lokaci guda hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma intercalation dauki cambium fili, wanda aka sa'an nan kuma fadada a cikin wani "fashewa wakili" a lokacin da ake amfani da karfe graphite. samfurin ya fi rikitarwa, wanda ba kawai ya fadada graphite ba, har ma da karfe.
