Flake graphite wani ma'adinai ne da ba za a iya sabunta shi ba, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar zamani kuma muhimmin tushen dabaru ne. Tarayyar Turai ta lissafa graphene, samfurin da aka kammala na sarrafa graphite, a matsayin sabon aikin fasaha mai mahimmanci a nan gaba, kuma ta lissafa graphite a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan albarkatun ma'adinai 14 masu ƙarancin "rai da mutuwa". Amurka ta lissafa albarkatun graphite na flake a matsayin manyan kayan ma'adinai don masana'antun fasaha masu tasowa. Tanadar graphite ta China ta kai kashi 70% na duniya, kuma ita ce mafi girman ajiyar graphite da fitar da kaya a duniya. Duk da haka, akwai matsaloli da yawa a cikin tsarin samarwa, kamar sharar haƙar ma'adinai, ƙarancin amfani da albarkatu da mummunan lalacewar muhalli. Karancin albarkatu da farashin muhalli na waje ba sa nuna ainihin ƙimar. Matsalolin rabawa na masu gyara graphite na Furuite galibi suna bayyana ne a cikin waɗannan fannoni:
Da farko, ana buƙatar daidaita harajin albarkatun ƙasa cikin gaggawa. Ƙarancin kuɗin haraji: Harajin albarkatun ƙasa na graphite na China a halin yanzu shine yuan 3 a kowace tan, wanda yake da sauƙi kuma baya nuna ƙarancin albarkatu da farashin waje na muhalli. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa mai ƙarancin ma'adinai da mahimmanci iri ɗaya, bayan gyaran harajin albarkatun ƙasa mai ƙarancin kuɗi, ba wai kawai an jera abubuwan haraji daban-daban ba, har ma an ƙara ƙimar harajin fiye da sau 10. Idan aka kwatanta, ƙimar harajin albarkatun ƙasa na flake graphite yana da ƙasa. Matsakaicin haraji ɗaya: ƙa'idodin wucin gadi na yanzu kan harajin albarkatu suna da ƙimar haraji ɗaya don ma'adinan graphite, wanda ba a raba shi bisa ga matsayin inganci da nau'in graphite ba, kuma ba zai iya nuna aikin harajin albarkatu wajen daidaita bambancin kuɗin shiga ba. Ba kimiyya ba ne a ƙididdige shi ta hanyar yawan tallace-tallace: ana ƙididdige shi ta hanyar adadin tallace-tallace, ba ta hanyar ainihin adadin ma'adanai da aka haƙa ba, ba tare da la'akari da diyya don lalacewar muhalli, haɓaka albarkatu mai ma'ana, farashin haɓakawa da gajiyar albarkatu ba.
Na biyu, fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje ya yi gaggawa. China ita ce ƙasar da ta fi kowacce samar da flake graphite a duniya kuma ta kasance babbar mai fitar da kayayyakin graphite na halitta. Sabanin yadda China ke amfani da albarkatun flake graphite fiye da kima, ƙasashe masu tasowa, waɗanda ke kan gaba a fasahar sarrafa kayayyakin graphite mai zurfi, suna aiwatar da dabarun "saya maimakon haƙowa" don graphite na halitta kuma suna toshe fasahar. A matsayin babbar kasuwar graphite a China, shigo da kayayyaki daga Japan ya kai kashi 32.6% na jimillar kayayyakin da China ke fitarwa, kuma wani ɓangare na nutsewar ma'adinan graphite da aka shigo da su zuwa gaɓar teku; Koriya ta Kudu, a gefe guda, ta rufe ma'adinan graphite nata kuma ta shigo da kayayyaki da yawa a farashi mai rahusa; Yawan shigo da kayayyaki daga Amurka a kowace shekara ya kai kusan kashi 10.5% na jimillar kayayyakin da China ke fitarwa, kuma albarkatun graphite nata suna ƙarƙashin dokoki.
Na uku, sarrafa yana da faɗi sosai. Halayen graphite suna da alaƙa da girman sikelinsa. Girman flake graphite daban-daban suna da amfani daban-daban, hanyoyin sarrafawa da filayen aikace-aikace. A halin yanzu, akwai ƙarancin bincike kan fasahar ma'adinan graphite tare da halaye daban-daban a China, kuma ba a tantance rarraba albarkatun graphite tare da ma'auni daban-daban ba, kuma babu wata hanyar sarrafa zurfin da ta dace. Yawan dawo da graphite beneficiation yana da ƙasa, kuma yawan amfanin babban flake graphite yana da ƙasa. Ba a fayyace halayen albarkatu ba, kuma hanyar sarrafawa guda ɗaya ce. Sakamakon haka, ba za a iya kare babban flake graphite yadda ya kamata ba kuma ba za a iya amfani da ƙaramin flake graphite yadda ya kamata ba yayin sarrafa, wanda ke haifar da ɓatar da albarkatu masu mahimmanci.
Na huɗu, bambancin farashi tsakanin shigo da kaya da fitarwa abin mamaki ne. Yawancin kayayyakin flake graphite na halitta da ake samarwa a China sune manyan kayayyakin da aka sarrafa, kuma bincike da haɓakawa da samar da kayayyaki masu daraja a bayyane yake ba su da yawa. Misali, ɗauki graphite mai tsarki, ƙasashen waje suna kan gaba a fannin graphite mai tsarki tare da fa'idodin fasaha, kuma suna toshe ƙasarmu a cikin kayayyakin fasaha na graphite. A halin yanzu, fasahar graphite mai tsarki ta China ba za ta iya kaiwa ga tsarkin kashi 99.95% ba, kuma tsarkin kashi 99.99% ko fiye zai dogara ne kawai akan shigo da kaya. A shekarar 2011, matsakaicin farashin flake graphite na halitta a China ya kai kusan yuan 4,000/ton, yayin da farashin fiye da kashi 99.99% da aka shigo da shi daga graphite mai tsarki ya wuce yuan 200,000/ton, kuma bambancin farashi ya kasance mai ban mamaki.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-27-2023