Dangane da gano da amfani da flake graphite, akwai wani lamari mai kyau da aka rubuta, lokacin da littafin Shuijing Zhu shine na farko, wanda ya bayyana cewa "akwai dutsen graphite kusa da Kogin Luoshui". Duwatsun duk baƙi ne, don haka littattafai na iya zama kaɗan, don haka sun shahara da graphite ɗinsu. "Binciken kayan tarihi ya nuna cewa tun sama da shekaru 3,000 da suka gabata a Daular Shang, China ta yi amfani da graphite don rubuta haruffa, wanda ya daɗe har zuwa ƙarshen Daular Han ta Gabas (AD 220). An maye gurbin graphite a matsayin tawada a cikin littafi da tawada tabar pine. A lokacin Daoguang na Daular Qing (AD 1821-1850), manoma a Chenzhou, Lardin Hunan sun haƙa flake graphite a matsayin mai, wanda ake kira "carbon mai".
Sunan Graphite na Turanci ya fito ne daga kalmar Girkanci "graphite in", wanda ke nufin "rubuta". Masanin kimiyyar sinadarai da ma'adanai na Jamus AGWerner ne ya sanya masa suna a shekarar 1789.
Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na flake graphite shine C kuma nauyin kwayoyin halitta shine 12.01. Graphite na halitta baƙin ƙarfe ne da launin toka na ƙarfe, tare da launuka masu haske baƙi, walƙiya na ƙarfe da kuma rashin haske. Gilashin yana cikin nau'in lu'ulu'u masu rikitarwa na hexagonal, waɗanda sune lu'ulu'u na farantin hexagonal. Siffofin simplex na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ginshiƙai masu gefe biyu, hexagonal da hexagonal, amma siffar lu'ulu'u mara kyau ba ta da yawa, kuma gabaɗaya tana da siffar scaly ko faranti. Sigogi: a0=0.246nm, c0=0.670nm Tsarin da aka tsara mai layi, wanda aka shirya atoms na carbon a cikin yadudduka, kuma kowane carbon yana da alaƙa daidai da carbon da ke kusa, kuma carbon a cikin kowane layi an shirya shi a cikin zobe mai layi shida. Zoben hexagonal na carbon a cikin saman da ƙasan layukan da ke kusa suna canzawa a cikin alkiblar da ke daidai da layin raga sannan a tara su don samar da tsari mai layi shida. Kwatance daban-daban da nisan ƙaura suna haifar da tsarin polymorphic daban-daban. Nisa tsakanin ƙwayoyin carbon a cikin saman da ƙasa ya fi girma fiye da na tsakanin ƙwayoyin carbon a cikin wannan Layer (tazarar CC a cikin yadudduka = 0.142nm, tazarar CC tsakanin yadudduka = 0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 takamaiman nauyi da kuma yankin saman 5-10m2/g takamaiman. Taurin yana da anisotropic, jirgin tsagewa na tsaye shine 3-5, kuma jirgin tsagewa mai layi ɗaya shine 1-2. Tarin abubuwa galibi suna da laushi, kunkuntar da ƙasa. Flake na graphite yana da kyakkyawan ikon lantarki da zafi. Flakes ɗin ma'adinai gabaɗaya ba su da haske a ƙarƙashin hasken da aka watsa, flakes ɗin siriri suna da haske kore-launin toka, uniaxial, tare da ma'aunin refractive na 1.93 ~ 2.07. A ƙarƙashin hasken da aka nuna, suna da haske launin ruwan kasa-launin toka, tare da haske mai haske da launuka da yawa, launin toka mai launin ruwan kasa, Re duhu launin toka, haske Ro23 (ja), Re5.5 (ja), launi mai haske da haske mai sau biyu, ƙarfi da rarrabuwar kawuna. Sifofin Ganewa: Baƙin ƙarfe, ƙarancin tauri, ƙungiyar tsagewa mai matuƙar kyau, sassauci, jin zamewa, da sauƙin tabo hannaye. Idan aka sanya ƙwayoyin zinc da aka jika da maganin jan ƙarfe sulfate a kan graphite, tabon ƙarfe na iya haifar da hazo, yayin da molybdenite mai kama da shi ba shi da irin wannan amsawa.
Graphite allotrope ne na elemental carbon (sauran allotropes sun haɗa da lu'u-lu'u, carbon 60, carbon nanotubes da graphene), kuma gefen kowace carbon atom yana da alaƙa da wasu ƙwayoyin carbon guda uku (wasu hexagons da aka shirya a siffar zuma) don samar da ƙwayoyin covalent. Tunda kowace ƙwayar carbon tana fitar da electron, waɗannan electrons ɗin na iya motsawa cikin 'yanci, don haka flake graphite jagora ne na lantarki. Tsarin sharewa yana mamaye da haɗin kwayoyin halitta, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin jan hankali ga ƙwayoyin halitta, don haka iyawar sa ta iyo ta halitta tana da kyau sosai. Saboda yanayin haɗin flake graphite na musamman, ba za mu iya tunanin cewa flake graphite lu'u-lu'u ɗaya ce ko polycrystal ba. Yanzu gabaɗaya ana ɗaukarsa cewa flake graphite nau'in lu'u-lu'u ne mai gauraye.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-04-2022